The Pedestrian and the City : Carmen Hass-Klau. txt
New York : Routledge, 2015Edición: First published 2015Descripción: xxiii, 316 p. ill. ; maps ; 25 cmTipo de contenido:- text
- unmediaded
- volume
- 9780415814409
- 9780415814393
- 9780203067390
- 388.41
- HE336.P43 H37 2015
| Imagen de cubierta | Tipo de ítem | Biblioteca actual | Biblioteca de origen | Colección | Ubicación en estantería | Signatura topográfica | Materiales especificados | Info Vol | URL | Copia número | Estado | Notas | Fecha de vencimiento | Código de barras | Reserva de ítems | Prioridad de la cola de reserva de ejemplar | Reservas para cursos | |
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Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:
The Pedestrian and the City provides an overview and insight into the development, politics and policies on walking and pedestrians: it includes the evolution of pedestrian-friendly housing estates in the 19th century up to the present day. Key issues addressed include the struggle of pedestrianization in town centers, the attempts to create independent pedestrian footpaths and the popularity of traffic calming as a powerful policy for reducing pedestrian accidents.
Hass-Klau also covers the wider aspects of urban and transport planning, especially public transport, essential for promoting a pedestrian-friendly environment. The book includes pedestrian-friendly policies and guidelines from a number of European countries and includes case studies from the UK, Germany, Britain, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, the US and Canada, with further examples from ten additional countries. It also contains a unique collection of original photographs; including 'before' and 'after' photos of newly introduced pedestrian-friendly transport policies.
As the pedestrian environment has become ever more crucial for the future of our cities, the book will be invaluable to students and practicing planners, geographers, transport engineers and local government officers.
Includes index.
Includes bibliographical references.
Contents --
List of Figures x --
List of Tables xiii --
Foreword by Professor Phil Goodwin xv --
Preface xvii --
Acknowledgments xx --
Definitions xxii --
Part I: HISTORY 1 --
1 From Innovative Street Layouts to the Fight against Urban Motorways in the United States 4 --
Innovative Street Layouts 4 --
Housing for a Better World 7 --
The Greenbelt Towns 12 --
Garden Apartments 13 --
The Congested Cities and the Motorway Revolt 15 --
2 Motorization and Footpath Planning During the Third Reich 20 --
Adolf Hitler and the Promotion of Motorization 20 --
Ideal Communities 27 --
Pedestrian Planning in Hitler's New Town: Wolfsburg 25 --
A New Approach for City Centers 27 --
3 The Role of the Pedestrian after the Second World War in West Germany: The Early Years 30 --
Political Background 30 --
The Charter of Athens 30 --
The Missed Chance of Reconstruction 35 --
Massive Road Building in Urban Areas 37 --
Car Restrictions in City Centers 42 --
4 Pedestrianization, Public Transport and Traffic Calming in West Germany 46 --
Political Background 46 --
The Role of Public Transport and its Impact on Pedestrianization 46 --
Pedestrianization: Research and Practice 47 --
Traffic Calming: Ideas and Practice 51 --
Conflicts about 3okph (20mph) Speed Limits and Other Disagreements 55 --
5 The ' Better Germany '? Urban Planning , Transport and Pedestrian - Friendly Devices in East Germany 59 --
Political Background 59 --
National in Style but Democratic in Content : The First Housing Projects and Their Pedestrian Streets 61 --
New Towns: Eisenhüttenstadt , Halle - Neustadt and Schweat 65 --
The Housing Problem 69 --
Reconstruction of Destroyed and Neglected City Centers and Urban Areas 71 --
Pedestrianization in East German Cities 73 --
The Change From East to West 77 --
6 The British Approach Toward Road Transport and the Pedestrian in Urban Areas from the 1940s to the Early 1970s 80 --
Ideas about Urban Roads and the First Attempts at Traffic Calming 80 --
Traffic in New Towns and Pedestrianization 85 --
The Professional Background of Colin Buchanan 87 --
'Traffic in Towns' and its Impact 88 A Period of Experimentation 92 --
7 British Attempts to Achieve Better Walking Conditions in the Late 1970s to the 1990s 95 --
The Beginning of Traffic Calming 95 --
Initiatives of Local Authorities and Other Professionals 96 --
Government Action and Criticism 98 --
Change of Government in 1997 and the Role of the Pedestrians 100 --
Part II: PRACTICE 105 --
8 Walking in Great Britain and the Greater London Case Study 107 --
Background: The National Trend in Walking 107 --
Pedestrianization : The Last 40 Years 107 --
Pedestrianization : A Comparison between Germany and the UK (and Other Countries) 108 --
Public Transportation 112 --
Other Policies to Promote Walking 113 --
Greater London 118 --
9 Walking in Germany : Is there Progress? 129 --
New and Not so New Initiatives 129 --
Case Studies 131 --
Freiburg 131 --
Munich 137 --
Cologne 143 --
10 The Nordic Approach: Denmark 149 --
Background 149 --
Transportation 149 --
Research on Walking: The Work of Jan Gehl and his Team 151 --
Copenhagen 153 --
Odense 161 --
11 Further North: Norway 166 --
Background 166 --
Transportation 166 --
Bergen 169 --
Trondheim 175 --
Oslo 178 --
Stavanger 182 --
12 The United States and Canada: An Overview of Walking Research and Policies Research in the Use of Urban Space and Pedestrian Behavior 185 --
Policy-related Research on Walking 187 --
Pedestrianization 191 --
Public Transportation 196 --
Traffic Calming 197 --
13 Walking in the United States: A European View: The Leaders 200 --
New York City 200 --
Boston 209 --
Washington DC 212 --
Portland , Oregon 215 --
San Francisco 219 --
Denver 224 --
Boulder , Colorado 227 --
Canadian City : Vancouver 229 --
14 Walking in the United States: A European View: The Followers 235 --
Charlotte 235 --
Charleston 242 --
Savannah 246 --
Miami 250 --
Miami Beach 253 --
Atlanta 257 --
Seattle 260 --
Los Angeles 263 --
15 The Future of Walking 269 --
Part I: History 269 --
Synthesis: Pedestrian - friendly Street Designs and the Battle About Livable Streets in the United States , Germany and Britain 269 --
Part II: Practice 275 --
Walking: The General Trend 275 --
Important Factors to Promote Walking 276 --
Walking Problems 281 --
Reality: What can be Achieved? 285 --
Learning from the Case Study Cities 289 --
Finally 291 --
References 295 --
Index 311 --
FIGURES --
1.1 Street map of Boston 4 --
1.2 Olmsted's original plan of Vandergrift 6 --
1.3 Ivy Close , Forest Hills Gardens 7 --
1.4 Open space inside the Sunnyside housing block 8 --
1.5 Chatham Village Tower 11 --
1.6 Baldwin Hills Village Green 14 --
2.1 Plan of Ganghofer settlement , Regensburg 23 --
2.2 Typical pedestrian footpath and mini-square 24 --
2.3 Plan of Wolfsburg 26 --
4.1 Garmisch - Partenkirchen before pedestrianization 49 --
4.2After pedestrianization 49 --
5.1 Berlin Wall 60 --
5.2 Housing block at Weberwiese 62 --
5.3 Strausberger Platz 63 --
5.4 Model of Karl-Marx-Allee 64 --
5.5 Housing block in Eisenhüttenstadt 66 --
5.6 Main pedestrian axis 67 --
5.7 Main pedestrian precinct in Halle - Neustadt 68 --
8.1 Map of Inner and Outer London 118 --
8.2 Seven Dials in London 124 --
8.3 View to Millennium Bridge 126 --
9.1 Map of central area of Freiburg 133 --
9.2 New design of an urban ring road in Freiburg 134 --
9.3 Typical surface of pedestrianized street in Freiburg 135 --
9.4 Map of city center of Munich 139 --
9.5 Multilane pedestrian highway 141 --
9.6 Relaxing in the sun, Odeonsplatz 141 --
9.7 Map of wider city center of Cologne 145 --
10.1 Map of wider central area of Copenhagen 154 --
10.2 Map of pedestrianized areas in the city center of Copenhagen 154 --
10.3 Sroget 155 --
10.4 Wide sidewalks at Vester Voldgade 156 --
10.5 Parked bicycles on sidewalk 158 --
10.6 Traffic-calmed street in Vesterbro - Skydebanegade 159 --
10.7 Map of pedestrianized streets in the city center of Odense 160 --
10.8 Ove Spogoes Plads 162 --
11.1 Map of wider central area of Bergen 163 --
11.2 Unusual zebra crossing near the disused cloister 170 --
11.3 The main shopping street of Torgallmenningen 171 --
11.4 170 The blue granite stone 172 --
11.5 Cobblestone design in Bergen 73 --
11.6 Example of a Gatetun 174 --
11.7 Map of wider city center of Trondheim 175 --
11.8 Barrier in Nedre Bakklandet 177 --
11.9 A successful combination of a walkway / cycleway, cycle sharing and good public transportation 178 --
11.10 Map of wider city center of Oslo 179 --
11.11 Popular square in front of the City Hall 180 --
11.12 Map of wider city center of Stavanger 182 --
11.13 The Old Town 183 --
12.1 Lincoln Road Mall , Miami Beach 192 --
12.2 16th Street Mall , Denver 193 --
12.3 Pearl Street , Boulder 194 --
12.4 Fish market , Seattle 195 --
13.1 Madison Square before 203 --
13.2 Madison Square after 203 --
13.3 Upper-level walkway in Paris 204 --
13.4 Upper-level walkway in New York 204 --
13.5 Times Square before 205 --
13.6 Times Square after 205 --
13.7 Dutch Kills Green 206 --
13.8 The new Broadway 207 --
13.9 210 Wider city center map 210 --
13.10 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston 211 --
13.11 Zebra crossings at junctions with Boulevard , Santa Cruz , Tenerife , Spain 211 --
13.12 Dewey Demonstration Gardens 212 --
13.13 Map of central area of Washington DC 214 --
13.14 Map of central area of Portland , Oregon 216 --
13.15 High visibility crossings at junctions of North Park 217 --
13.16 NW Irving Street in the Pearl District 218 --
13.17 Map of central area of San Francisco 220 --
13.18 Typical parklet 221 --
13.19 Street designed by residents in Linden Street 222 --
13.20 Street life in San Francisco 223 --
13.21 Map of central area of Denver 225 --
13.22 Millennium Bridge 226 --
13.23 Map of wider central area of Vancouver 230 --
13.24 Mini roundabout 232 --
14.1 Sidewalk plan of Charlotte 237 --
14.2 Close to the New Bern Stop 238 --
14.3 Map of central area of Charlotte 240 --
14.4 East Boulevard 241 --
14.5 Map of historic part of Charleston 243 --
14.6 Rap dancing in Marion Square 244 --
14.7 Fountain Park 245 --
14.8 Map of historic city of Savannah 247 --
14.9 Historic square as a speed - reducing measure 248 --
14.10 Enjoying the River Promenade 249 --
14.11 Map of the wider central area of Miami 251 --
14.12 Built-out in Flagler Street 252 --
14.13 Walking along Ocean Drive 254 --
14.14 Difficult walking and serving in and along a too narrow sidewalk 255 --
14.15 Wandering among Art Deco residential buildings 256 --
14.16 Map of Beltline , Atlanta 258 --
14.17 Westlake Park Square , Seattle 260 --
14.18 Bus stop at traffic-calming measure in Dexter Avenue 262 --
14.19 Grand Park in Los Angeles 264 --
14.20 Upper walkways and squares 265 --
14.21 Union Station 266 --
15.1 Plan of Moscow by Schestakow ( 1923 ) 270 --
15.2 Pedestrian walk on carriageway , Brighton 288 --
TABLES --
2.1 Motor vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants 21 --
3.1 Number of motor vehicles and road casualties in West Germany : 1950-2010, in 1,000 41 --
4.1 Effect of pedestrianization on turnover in percent 51 --
5.1 Number of cars: comparison between West and East Germany 60 --
5.2 Length of major roads in km 70 --
5.3 A selected number of cities with pedestrianized streets in the GDR 76 --
8.1 Comparison between mean , median and standard deviation of German and British pedestrianization 110 --
8.2 Sample of British cities and their lengths (meters) in pedestrianization 111 --
8.3 Sample of German cities and their lengths (meters) in pedestrianization 112 --
8.4 Change of population in Greater London in 1,000 119 --
8.5 Modal split comparison in Greater London: trips to work and all trips in percent 120 --
9.1 Modal split (all trips) in the City of Freiburg in percent 131 --
9.2 Modal split (all trips) in the City of Munich in percent 138 --
9.3 Cordon counts in 24 hours over time in Munich 138 --
9.4 Modal split (all trips) in the City of Cologne in percent 144 --
10.1 Modal split data Copenhagen and in the whole country in 2011: all and work trips in percent 154 --
10.2 Modal split (all trips) in the municipality of Odense in percent 162 --
11.1 Population in 1,000 and population densities of the largest Cities in Norway in 2013 167 --
11.2 Modal split of Norwegian cities in percent 169 --
12.1 Pedestrian counts per hour in a number of streets and in different cities 188 --
12.2 Modal split in US travel to work and all trips in percent (2009) 189 --
12.3 The highest-ranking cities in walking (travel to work) in the US 190 --
12.4 Modal split for public transportation: comparison of North American and European major cities in percent 196 --
13.1 Modal split in the City of Vancouver : all trips (24 hours) 230 --
15.1 Modal split data in North American cities and European cities: travel to work in percent at various dates 277 --
15.2 Decline and increase of commuting in the North American study cities in percentage points between 2000 and 2007 / 2011 278 --
15.3 Population density per sqkm in 20 North American and 10 European cities 279 --
15.4 Pedestrian killed 100,000 population (annual average of six or seven years) 282 --
Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics
- List of Figures(p. x)
- List of Tables(p. xiii)
- Foreword(p. xv)
- Preface(p. xvii)
- Acknowledgments(p. xx)
- Definitions(p. xxii)
- Part I History(p. 1)
- 1 From Innovative Street Layouts to the Fight against Urban Motorways in the United States(p. 3)
- Innovative Street Layouts(p. 4)
- Housing for a Better World(p. 7)
- The Greenbelt Towns(p. 12)
- Garden Apartments(p. 13)
- The Congested Cities and the Motorway Revolt(p. 15)
- 2 Motorization and Footpath Planning During the Third Reich(p. 20)
- Adolf Hitler and the Promotion of Motorization(p. 20)
- Ideal Communities(p. 21)
- Pedestrian Planning in Hitler's New Town: Wolfsburg(p. 25)
- A New Approach for City Centers(p. 27)
- 3 The Role of the Pedestrian after the Second World War in West Germany: The Early Years(p. 30)
- Political Background(p. 30)
- The Charter of Athens(p. 30)
- The Missed Chance of Reconstruction(p. 35)
- Massive Road Building in Urban Areas(p. 37)
- Car Restrictions in City Centers(p. 42)
- 4 Pedestrianization, Public Transport and Traffic Calming in West Germany(p. 46)
- Political Background(p. 46)
- The Role of Public Transport and its Impact on Pedestrianization(p. 46)
- Pedestrianization: Research and Practice(p. 47)
- Traffic Calming: Ideas and Practice(p. 51)
- Conflicts about Bokph (2omph) Speed Limits and Other Disagreements(p. 55)
- 5 The 'Better Germany'? Urban Planning, Transport and Pedestrian-Friendly Devices in East Germany(p. 59)
- Political Background(p. 59)
- 'National in Style but Democratic in Content': The First Housing Projects and Their Pedestrian Streets(p. 61)
- New Towns: Eisenhuttenstadt, Halle-Neustadt and Schwedt(p. 65)
- The Housing Problem(p. 69)
- Reconstruction of Destroyed and Neglected City Centers and Urban Areas(p. 71)
- Pedestrianization in East German Cities(p. 73)
- The Change From East to West(p. 77)
- 6 The British Approach Toward Road Transport and the Pedestrian in Urban Areas from the 1940s to the Early 1970s(p. 80)
- Ideas about Urban Roads and the First Attempts at Traffic Calming(p. 80)
- Traffic in New Towns and Pedestrianization(p. 85)
- The Professional Background of Colin Buchanan(p. 87)
- 'Traffic in Towns' and its Impact(p. 88)
- A Period of Experimentation(p. 92)
- 7 British Attempts to Achieve Better Walking Conditions in the Late 1970s to the 1990s(p. 95)
- The Beginning of Traffic Calming(p. 95)
- Initiatives of Local Authorities and Other Professionals(p. 96)
- Government Action and Criticism(p. 98)
- Change of Government in 1997 and the Role of the Pedestrians(p. 100)
- Part II Practice(p. 105)
- 8 Walking in Great Britain and the Greater London Case Study(p. 107)
- Background: The National Trend in Walking(p. 107)
- Pedestrianization: The Last 40 Years(p. 107)
- Pedestrianization: A Comparison between Germany and the UK (and Other Countries)(p. 108)
- Public Transportation(p. 112)
- Other Policies to Promote Walking(p. 113)
- Greater London(p. 118)
- 9 Walking in Germany: Is there Progress?(p. 129)
- New and Not so New initiatives(p. 129)
- Case Studies(p. 131)
- Freiburg(p. 131)
- Munich(p. 137)
- Cologne(p. 143)
- 10 The Nordic Approach: Denmark(p. 149)
- Background(p. 149)
- Transportation(p. 149)
- Research on Walking: The Work of Jan Gehl and his Team(p. 351)
- Copenhagen(p. 153)
- Odense(p. 161)
- 11 Further North: Norway(p. 166)
- Background(p. 166)
- Transportation(p. 166)
- Bergen(p. 169)
- Trondheim(p. 175)
- Oslo(p. 178)
- Stavanger(p. 182)
- 12 The United States and Canada: An Overview of Walking Research and Policies(p. 185)
- Research in the Use of Urban Space and Pedestrian Behavior(p. 185)
- Policy-related Research on Walking(p. 187)
- Pedestrianization(p. 191)
- Public Transportation(p. 196)
- Traffic Calming(p. 197)
- 13 Walking in the United States: A European View: The Leaders New York City(p. 200)
- Boston(p. 209)
- Washington DC(p. 212)
- Portland, Oregon(p. 215)
- San Francisco(p. 219)
- Denver(p. 224)
- Boulder, Colorado(p. 227)
- Canadian City: Vancouver(p. 229)
- 14 Walking in the United States: A European View: The Followers(p. 235)
- Charlotte(p. 235)
- Charleston(p. 242)
- Savannah(p. 246)
- Miami(p. 250)
- Miami Beach(p. 253)
- Atlanta(p. 257)
- Seattle(p. 260)
- Los Angeles(p. 263)
- 15 The Future of Walking(p. 269)
- Part I History(p. 269)
- Synthesis: Pedestrian-friendly Street Designs and the Battle About Livable Streets in the United States, Germany and Britain(p. 269)
- Part II Practice(p. 275)
- Walking: The General Trend(p. 275)
- Important Factors to Promote Walking(p. 276)
- Walking Problems(p. 281)
- Reality: What can be Achieved?(p. 285)
- Learning from the Case Study Cities(p. 289)
- Finally(p. 291)
- References(p. 295)
- Index(p. 311)