Planning and design for future informal settlements shaping the self-constructed city David Gouverneur. txt
Editor: Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2015Descripción: xxvi, 292 pages 26 cm ill.; mapsTipo de contenido:- text
- unmediaded
- volume
- 9780415737890
- 9781315765938
- 9781138595040
- 307.3
- HD7287.96.D44 G68 2015
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| Libro | CARIBET Biblioteca Arquitectura Colección General CARIBET | General HD7287.96.D44 G68 2015 (Navegar estantería(Abre debajo)) | 1 | Disponible | 91000000047217 |
Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:
This is the first book to address future informal settlements at the global scale. It argues that to foster favourable conditions for the sustainable evolution of future informal cities, planners must consider the same issues that are paramount in formal urban developments, such as provision of:
balanced land uses energy efficiency and mobility water management and food sufficiency governance and community participation productivity and competitiveness identity and sense of placePlanning and Design for Future Informal Settlements makes a call for responsible action to address the urban challenges of the developing world, suggesting that the vitality of informality, coupled with spatial design and good management, can support the efficient use of resources in better places to live.
The book analyses the strengths and weaknesses of informal urbanism and the challenges faced by the fast growing cities of the developing world. Through case studies, it demonstrates the contributions and limitations of different attempts to plan ahead for urban growth, from the creation of formal housing and urban infrastructures for self-built dwellings to the improvement of existing informal settlements. It provides a robust framework for planners and designers, policy-makers, NGOs and local governments working to improve living conditions in developing cities.
Includes index.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 269-278)
List of Figures xi --
Acknowledgments xvii --
Foreword xix --
Introduction : Shaping the future of the self constructed city: a call to action xxiii --
Attempts to deal with the urbanization challenges of the developing world 1 --
1.1 Biases against informality 2 --
1.2 When city planning and urban design work against informality 8 --
1.3 Housing and urban performance 10 --
1.4 Urban frameworks for self constructed dwellings 16 --
1.5 Limitations of Sites and Services 23 --
1.6 The informal city reconsidered 24 --
1.7 Informal Informal Armatures: merging the formal with the informal 29 --
1.8 Conclusions 33 --
2 Dealing with informal settlements of the developing world: lessons frrom Venezuela and Colombia 41 --
2.1 The foundations of Venezuela's political economy and the great urban migration 42 --
2.1.1 The emergence of ''the other city'' 44 --
2.1.2 Academia addresses informal growth and the social divide 48 --
2.1.3 A plan to rehabiliate the barrios of Caracas 49 --
2.1.4 Rise and fall of the plansfor the improvement of informal settlements 57 --
2.1.5 The impact of a major quake on infoermal settlements 60 --
2.1.6 Political struggles, economic hardship, and social divide 61 --
2.2 Bogotá: a succession of effective municipal administrations 63 --
2.2.1 Repositioning Bogotá 70 --
2.2.2 A succession of mayors commited to making a diferrence in the urban context 71 --
2.2.3 Key contributions of Peñalosa's urban vision 74 --
2.3 Medellín: from warzone to a city of hope 84 --
2.3.1 Two prroblems / two challenges 87 --
2.3.2 Programs and projects of the Medellín agenda 89 --
2.3.3 Envisioning urban growth in Medellín 102 --
2.3.4 Can the Medellín experience be replicated? 107 --
2.3.5 Planning and designing for future informal settlements 110 --
3 The concept of Informal Armatures 119 --
3.1 What is the Informal Armatures approach? 119 --
3.2 What are the contributions of the lA approach? 122 --
3.3 Sustainable informal growth 125 --
3.4 Knowledgeable, engaged, and honest facilitators 128 --
3.5 New forms and new programs 132 --
3.6 Addressing different urban demands from the metropolitan to the local scale 137 --
4 Forces at play 143 --
4.1 Resource efficiency in an era of global scarcity 143 --
4.2 Guided adaptation 146 --
4.2.1 Safe, amicable, and flexible places 148 --
4.3 Appropriate connectivity and infrastructure systems 151 --
4.3.1 Mobility for those with limited mobility 155 --
4.3.2 Counteracting the road construction syndrome 156 --
4.3.3 Balanced, pedestrian-friendly districts with efficient mobility 157 --
4.4 Moving ahead 158 --
5 The lA as a system of components guided by principles of implementation 163 --
5.1 Corridors 164 --
5.1.1 Attractors 166 --
5.1.2 Protectors 169 --
5.2 Patches 171 --
5.2.1 Receptor Patches 172 --
5.2.2 Transformer Patches 178 --
5.3 Stewards 181 --
5.3.1 Garden Keepers 184 --
5.4 Implementation principles 188 --
5.4.1 Engaging with local landscapes 188 --
5.4.2 Evolving morphologies and performances 192 --
5.4.3 Managed gentrification 197 --
5.5 Moving ahead 200 --
Enacting 203 --
6.1 Advocating for the lA initiative 203 --
6.2 Estimating land requirements 209 --
6.2.1 How to estimate the quantity of land needed to implement the lA approach 210 --
6.2.2 Planning and design for social goals 215 --
6.2.3 Gaining access to public land 216 --
6.3 Identifying appropriate sites 217 --
6.3.1 Obtaining reliable data 217 --
6.3.2 Taking advantage of existing urban drivers 218 --
6.3.3 Taking advantage of "green systems" 221 --
6.4 Reaching out to the community 223 --
6.5 Incorporating expertise 225 --
6.6 Financial sources 226 --
6.6.1 The role of the public sector 227 --
6.6.2 On fiscal contributions 228 --
6.6.3 Additional sources of revenues 231 --
7 Adapting the IA approach to different contexts 235 --
7.1 Academic references 235 --
7.2 Case study: Harare, Zimbabwe: armatures to balance the growth of a metropolitan system. February-May 2013 237 --
7.2.1 Hopley Farms: helping displaced communities 243 --
7.2.2 Chitungwiza: integrating the formal and the informal into a self-sufficient district 244 --
7.3 Case study: San José de Agua Dulce: urban-rural symbiosis in the metropolitan area of Valencia, Venezuela 246 --
7.4 Case study: La Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia: fostering metropolitan growth in an agricultural hinterland 248 --
7.5 Case study: retrofitting an unstable settlement in the Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia 252 --
7.6 Case study: Choroní, Venezuela 254 --
7.7 Conclusions 257 --
Conclusions: Looking into the future of the cities of the developing world 261 --
Bibliography 269 --
Index 279 --
Highway separating informal settlements of Petare from La Urbina, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Oscar Grauer xxii --
23 de Enero Housing Project surrounded by informal settlements, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Oscar Grauer xxviii --
Improved informal settlement of El Risco de San Nicolás, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Photo: Barrett Doherty 2 --
Urban design proposal with peripheral informal settlements, Ciudad Fajardo, Venezuela. Project: Luis Sully, Luis Pernía, and Luis Terife. Instructor: David Gouverneur 7 --
Ciudadela Colsubsidio, Bogotá, Colombia. Project: Germán Samper and Ximena Samper. Photo: Nicolás Galeano/ Ataca Films, Reproduced by permission of Catalina Samper 11 --
(Top) Board from PREVI Project Competition. (Bottom) Neighborhood block and vision of how the dwellings could look. Lima, Perú. Project: Germán Samper. Photo: Archives of Germán Samper, courtesy of Germán Samper 17 --
Informal settlements of La Bombilla in Petare adjacent to the formal city, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Caracas Cenital 29 --
Community spaces in the Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: Oscar Grauer 40 --
View of the formal city from the Barrio San Agustín, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Carlos Teodoro Itriago 42 --
Informal settlement close to the center of Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Oscar Grauer 43 --
Urban design plan for the improvement of Consorcio Social Las Casitas del Ina settlement, Caracas, Venezuela. Project and photo: Carmen Ofelia Machado 50 --
Proposed recycling and community center in Barrio La Morán, Caracas, Venezuela. Project and photos: Enlace Arquitectura, Elisa Silva 55 --
Reoccupation of the Catuche Ravine, Caracas, Venezuala. The preexisting settlement was razed by torrential flooding in December 1999 Photo: David Gouverneur 56 --
Virgilio Barco park-library, Bogotá, Colombia. Project: Rogelio Salmona. Photo: David Gouverneur 64 --
Metro-Vivienda/Patio Bonito Project adjacent to informal settlements, Bogotá, Colombia. Project: Konrad Bruner, Gustavo Perry, Eduardo Samper, and Ximena Samper. Photo: Rudolf Fotografia, Archives of Germán Samper 69 --
(Top) El Transmilenio, BRT System. (Bottom) Alameda El Porvenir, pedestrian and bike promenade. Bogotá, Colombia. Photos: Oscar Grauer 73 --
(Top) El Tintal park-library. Project: Daniel Bermúdez. (Bottom) Community park in the El Porvenir neighborhood. Bogotá, Colombia. Photos: David Gouverneur 76 --
Ceremonial plaza/amphitheater in Parque Simón Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia. Photo: David Gouverneur 78 --
(Top) Metro-Vivienda. Project: Eduardo Samper. (Bottom) Colsubsidio. Project: Germán Samper and Ximena Samper. Bogotá, Colombia. Photos: David Gouverneur 80 --
Parque de La Luz/Plaza Cisneros. Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Gouverneur 85 --
Open spaces and Biblioteca España (library), Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia. Photos: Oscar Grauer 88 --
Cultural center in the settlement of Moravia. Medellin, Colombia. Project: Rogelio Salmona. Photo: Oscar Grauer 91 --
(Top) Open space below station of the San Javier Metro-cable line. Project: Empresa de Desarrolho Urbano, Medellín. (Bottom) Parque Explora. Project: Alejandro Echeverri. Medellín, Colombia. Photos: Oscar Grauer 93 --
Promenade and housing relocation program along Juan Bobo Ravine, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Gouverneur 99 --
Recent formal housing projects adjacent to existing informal settle-ments, near La Aurora Metro-cable station, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: Tianyang Liu 101 --
(Top) Informal dwellings being demolished and replaced by formal housing. (Bottom) Walled-off open space adjacent to a Metro-cable station in the Barrio San Agustín. Caracas, Venezuela. Photos: David Gouverneur 108 --
Sketch of the Informal Armatures concept by David Gouverneur 118 --
Consolidated informal settlement adjacent to agricultural terraces along the Guiniguada ravine, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Photo: Barrett Doherty 122 --
Fishing boats and informal settlement in Choroní, Venezuela. Photo: Marisa Bernstein and Nicolas Koff 124 --
Recent informal settlement in the higher elevations of the Northeastern Commune, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Maestres 137 --
Barrios de Petare, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Caracas Cenital by Nicola Rocco / Colección Fundación para la Cultura Urbana 142 --
Commercial activity in the vicinity of the Santo Domingo Metro-cable station, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Maestres 145 --
Parque Berrio, Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Maestres 148 --
Open spaces along the San Javier Metro-cable line, Medellin, Colombia. Photo: David Maestres 151 --
Conceptual design components of the Informal Armatures approach. Sketches by David Gouverneur 162 --
Existing site conditions and corridors: Attractors and Protectors. Image: David Gouverneur, Trevor Lee, David Maestres, and Autumn Visconti 164 --
Accessibility and public spaces create safe and animated districts. Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia. Photos: Tianyang Liu 165 --
Academic proposal for the protection of wetlands and agricultural land in Funza-Mosquera, Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. Top image: Luke Mitchell and Karli Molter. Bottom image: Luke Mitchell 168 --
Patches: Receptors and Transformers combined. Image: David Gouverneur, Trevor Lee, David Maestres, and Autumn Visconti 172 --
(Top) Initial phase of settlement in Hopley Farms, Harare, Zimbabwe. Photo: Leonardo Robleto. (Bottom) Consolidated informal settlement in Chacao, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: David Gouverneur 173 --
Proposal of Transformer Patches to enhance the production of Howers in towns of La Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. Project by Tamara Henry: Advisors: David Gouverneur and Abdallah Tabet 177 --
(Top) Stewards over Corridors and Patches. Image: D. Gouverneur, T. Lee, David Maestres, and Autumn Visconti. (Bottom) Park and community services in a defunct quarry, Soacha, Colombia. Image: Rachel Ahern. Instructors: D. Gouverneur and Abdallah Tabet 180 --
(Top) Initial occupation of Receptors and Transformers. (Bottom) Progressive occupation of new Receptors and Transformers, and conversion of initial Transformers. Images: David Gouverneur, Trevor Lee, David Maestres and Autumn Visconti 185 --
Consolidated informal settlement in Choroní, Venezuela. Photo: Marisa Bernstein and Nicolas Koff 187 --
Informal occupation of steep slopes along the Caracas-Guarenas Highway, Venezuela. Photo: Caracas Cenital by Nicola Rocco/ Colección Fundación para la Cultura Urbana 192 --
Consolidated neighborhood of Versalles, Comuna 3-Manrique, Medellín, Colombia. Photos: David Maestres 196 --
The IA approach can help bridge the physical and cultural divide. Barrios adjacent to El Helicoide, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: Caracas Cenital by Nicola Rocco / Colección Fundación para la Cultura Urbana 202 --
Emerging informal settlement in Chitungwiza, Harare, Zimbabwe. Photo: Chenlu Fang 209 --
Barrio La Floresta, Chacao, Caracas, Venezuela. Photo: David Gouverneur 220 --
Community meeting with University of Pennsylvania students and David Gouverneur in the Santa Bárbara settlement, Choroni, Venezuela. Photo: Marisa Bernstein and Nicolas Koff 232 --
(Top) Sketch of the Core of an Informal Armature for a Self-Constructed Community, which guided an installation as part of the Idea Days Festival, School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, September 2013. (Bottom) Photographs: Spatial definition of public spaces and lots. Facilitators: D. Gouverneur, D. Maestres, S. Rottenberg, D. O'Neill, and M. A. Villalobos Plate --
(Top) Green system along wetlands and public transportation routes in Southern Harare, Zimbabwe. Project: S. Burrows, T. Burgess,and A. Carmalt. (Bottom) Corridors and Patches in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. Project: D. Saenz. Instructors: D. Gouverneur and T. Lenneiye Plate --
(Top) Protectors along wetland and Receptor Patches. Project: A. Visconti. (Bottom) Well and community center. Project: L. Robleto. Both in Hopley Farms, Harare Instructors: D. Gouverneur and T. Lenneiye Plate --
(Top) Green heart for water management and agricultural production. Project: Grupo Simbiosis/UNIMET. (Bottom) Open space and flood production berm. Project: Grupo Agua/UNIMET. Both in Valencia, Venezuela. Instructors: M. G. Díez and A. C. Arocha Petit. Advisor: D. Gouverneur Plate --
(Top) System of open spaces and irrigation canals. (Bottom) Aquaculture and promenade. Project: Grupo Agua/UNIMET. Both in Valencia, Venezuela. Instructors: M. G. Díez and A. C. Arocha Petit. Advisor: D. Gouverneur Plate --
(Top) Attractors of urban growth along new transportation lines and Protectors of wetlands and agricultural land. Project: Group Initiative. (Bottom) System of open spaces and Receptor Patches in Soacha, Columbia. Project: Aaron Kelly, Instructors: D. Gouverneur and A. Tabet Plate --
(Top) Protectors of wetlands and agricultural land in Funza-Mosquera. Project: V. Rivera-Rosa. (Bottom) Protector of wetlands and agricultural land in Facatativá. Project: A. Vázquez. Bogotá, Colombia. Instructors: D. Gouverneur and A. Tabet Plate --
Receptor Patches on stabilized terraces and protection of unstable land for agricultural and recreational uses. Project: K. Cooper, R. Fuchs, and K. Kunte. Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia. Instructors: D. Gouverneur and T. Lee Plate --
(Top) Terraces for core housing shelters and self-constructed dwelling expansion. (Bottom) Land stabilization and water management. Project: K. Cooper, R. Fuchs, and K. Kunte. Barrio Santo Domingo, Medellín, Colombia. Instructors: D. Gouverneur and T. Lee System of open spaces protecting flood plain of ravines with productive Patches and recreational uses. Project: M. Bernstein and N. Koff. Choroní, Venezuela. Instructor: D. Gouverneur Plate --
(Top) Production and recreational Patches. (Bottom) Adobe production Patch. Project: M. Bernstein and N. Koff. Choroní, Venezuela. Instructor: D. Governeur Plate --
(Top) Production and recreational Patches. (Center) Agriculture Patches (Bottom) Proposed Botanical Garden as key Cultural Anchor. Project: M. Bernstein, N. Koff, Venezuela. Instructor: D. Gouverneur Plate --
Street sign in Barrio La Cruz. Translation : '' I would like my Barrio La Cruz to be clean, happy, with solidarity, and in peace... can you help? Medellín, Colombia. Photo: David Maestres 268 --
"This is the first book to address future informal settlements at the global scale. It argues that to foster favourable conditions for the sustainable evolution of future informal cities, planners must consider the same issues that are paramount in formal urban developments, such as provision of:balanced land usesenergy efficiency and mobility water management and food sufficiencygovernance and community participation productivity and competitiveness identity and sense of place Planning and Design for Future Informal Settlements makes a call for responsible action to address the urban challenges of the developing world, suggesting that the vitality of informality, coupled with spatial design and good management, can support the efficient use of resources in better places to live.The book analyses the strengths and weaknesses of informal urbanism and the challenges faced by the fast growing cities of the developing world. Through case studies, it demonstrates the contributions and limitations of different attempts to plan ahead for urban growth, from the creation of formal housing and urban infrastructures for self-built dwellings to the improvement of existing informal settlements. It provides a robust framework for planners and designers, policy-makers, NGOs and local governments working to improve living conditions in developing cities"--
Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics
- Introduction: Shaping the Future of the Self-Constructed City: A Call to Action
- 1 Attempts to Deal with the Urbanization Challenges of the Developing World
- 2 Dealing with Informal Settlements of the Developing World: Lessons from Venezuela and Colombia
- 3 The Concept of Informal Armatures
- 4 Forces at Play
- 5 The IA as a System of Components Guided by Principles of Implementation
- 6 Enacting
- 7 Adapting the IA Approach to Different Contexts
- Conclusions: Looking into the Future of the Cities of the Developing World
- Bibliography
Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics
David Gouverneurwas National Director of Urban Planning for the Ministry of Urban Development of Venezuela and co-founder of the Urban Design Program and Director of the Mayor's Institute in City Design at Universidad Metropolitana in Caracas. He has 33 years' experience of teaching Architecture, Urban Design and City Planning. His professional practice focuses on urban plans for distressed neighbourhoods, upgrading informal settlements, historic districts, new centralities and areas affected by disaster. He is currently Associate Professor in Practice of the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania, teaching Landscape Urbanism Studios, Cross-disciplinary Design Studios, and Electives, with an emphasis on developing countries.