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Exposure to a wide variety of chemicals and drugs has become common in industrial, laboratory, and even household environments. Fortunately, global understanding and consequently global safety standards regarding the management of toxic and hazardous substances are fast approaching uniformity. The methods of handling, use, transportation, storage, and disposal in particular are moving toward standardization. As these protocols involving chemicals and drugs continue to cross international borders, students and professionals need a reliable resource to ensure they observe appropriate safety standards. The Industrial Guide to Chemical and Drug Safety covers not only current standards, but also a wealth of information on toxins to help regulatory bodies develop new protocols.

Written in an accessible narrative style, the Guide covers chemicals by key classes such as solvents, pesticides, and metals, and also by key industries such as drugs, food additives, plastics, cosmetics, detergents, and soaps. The book explains the beneficial and harmful aspects of a broad range of materials to which students, trainees, skilled workers, managers, and personnel associated with regulatory agencies are exposed, with the purpose of helping them avoid the illnesses associated with the misuse of chemicals and drugs. Chapters include:

-Heavy Metals
-Pesticides
-Industrial Solvents
-Industrial Gases and Fumes
-Drugs
-Target Organ Toxicity
-Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
-Guidance to Students and Workers
-Good Laboratory Practice

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Foreword(p. xxiii)
• Preface(p. xxv)
• Acknowledgments(p. xxvii)
• Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemical and Drug Safety(p. 1)
• Introduction(p. 1)
• Chemicals and Their Impact(p. 2)
• Need of the Time(p. 15)
• Conclusion(p. 15)
• References(p. 15)
• Chapter 2 Principles of Toxicity and Safety(p. 19)
• Introduction(p. 19)
• History of Toxicology(p. 22)
• The Elements in Toxicology(p. 26)
• Conclusion(p. 50)
• References(p. 51)
• Chapter 3 Heavy Metals(p. 59)
• Introduction(p. 59)
• Metals and Toxicity(p. 61)
• Conclusion(p. 80)
• References(p. 80)
• Appendix 3-1 Lead Levels Are Considered Elevated in Humans(p. 88)
• Chapter 4 Organochlorine Pesticides(p. 89)
• Introduction(p. 89)
• Growth and Production(p. 90)
• Use Pattern of Pesticides(p. 90)
• Conclusion(p. 116)
• References(p. 116)
• Appendix 4-1 Organochlorinated Pesticides and Carcinogenicity(p. 122)
• Chapter 5 Organophosphorus Pesticides(p. 123)
• Introduction(p. 123)
• Neurotoxicity(p. 124)
• Cholinergic Receptor Sites(p. 125)
• Conclusion(p. 150)
• References(p. 151)
• Appendix 5-1 Selected List of Organophosphorus Pesticides(p. 156)
• Chapter 6 Herbicides and Fungicides(p. 157)
• Introduction(p. 157)
• Herbicides(p. 160)
• Triazines(p. 162)
• Fungicides(p. 172)
• Conclusion(p. 179)
• References(p. 179)
• Chapter 7 Carbamates(p. 184)
• Introduction(p. 184)
• Carbamates(p. 184)
• References(p. 196)
• Chapter 8 Synthetic Pyrethroids, Fumigants, and Rodenticides(p. 198)
• Introduction(p. 198)
• Synthetic Pyrethroids(p. 198)
• Fumigants(p. 201)
• Rodenticide(p. 204)
• References(p. 205)
• Chapter 9 Industrial Solvents(p. 207)
• Introduction(p. 207)
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons(p. 208)
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons(p. 210)
• Aliphatic and Alicyclic Amines(p. 215)
• Butylamines(p. 217)
• Allylamines(p. 217)
• Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds(p. 220)
• Other Organic Solvents(p. 224)
• Alcohols(p. 227)
• Phenol and Phenolic Compounds(p. 229)
• Conclusion(p. 234)
• References(p. 234)
• Chapter 10 Food Additives and Food Contaminants(p. 242)
• Introduction(p. 242)
• Food Additives(p. 243)
• Food Contaminants(p. 246)
• Conclusion(p. 250)
• References(p. 250)
• Chapter 11 Industrial Gases and Fumes(p. 252)
• Introduction(p. 252)
• Kinds of Gases and Adverse Effects(p. 252)
• References(p. 257)
• Chapter 12 Drugs: Discovery and Development(p. 259)
• Introduction(p. 259)
• Consideration in Toxicity Testing(p. 263)
• Issues Involved in Toxicity Testing(p. 267)
• New Avenues in Drug Development and Safety(p. 268)
• Preclinical Studies in Animals(p. 269)
• Pharmaceutical Evaluation of New Drugs(p. 271)
• References(p. 274)
• Chapter 13 Drugs and Human Diseases(p. 275)
• Introduction(p. 275)
• Analgesics and Antiinflammatory Agents(p. 275)
• Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Antipsychotics(p. 277)
• Drugs Used in Gout(p. 278)
• Vitamins(p. 279)
• Diabetes(p. 283)
• Drugs for Malaria(p. 284)
• Bronchodilators and Antiasthmatic Drugs(p. 285)
• Adrenocortical Steroids(p. 286)
• Anticancer Drugs(p. 287)
• Cardiovascular Drugs(p. 287)
• Diseases of the Central Nervous System(p. 289)
• Antimicrobial Drugs(p. 290)
• Antiviral Drugs(p. 293)
• Antifungal Agents(p. 294)
• Anthelmintics(p. 295)
• Lipid-Lowering Agents(p. 296)
• Sex Hormones(p. 297)
• Antiulcer Agents(p. 299)
• Antiepileptic Drugs(p. 300)
• Vaccines(p. 301)
• Over-the-Counter Drugs(p. 303)
• Drugs and the Elderly(p. 304)
• Drugs and Obesity(p. 305)
• Contrast Media(p. 306)
• Therapeutic Gases(p. 307)
• Disinfectants and Preservatives(p. 309)
• Drug Poisoning(p. 311)
• References(p. 313)
• Chapter 14 Nonmedical Use of Drugs(p. 320)
• Introduction(p. 320)
• Drug Use and Misuse(p. 320)
• References(p. 330)
• Chapter 15 Drugs and Pharmaceuticals: Safety Considerations(p. 332)
• Introduction(p. 332)
• Antimicrobial Agents(p. 333)
• Autocoids: Drugs Used for Inflammatory-Related Diseases(p. 338)
• Cardiovascular Drugs(p. 345)
• Drugs Acting on the Nervous System and Related Dysfunctions(p. 351)
• Drugs Used for Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders(p. 355)
• Drugs Used for Parasitic Diseases(p. 357)
• Hormones and Hormone-Regulating Drugs(p. 357)
• Miscellaneous(p. 359)
• References(p. 365)
• Chapter 16 Target Organ Toxicity(p. 377)
• Introduction(p. 377)
• Skin(p. 378)
• The Respiratory System(p. 387)
• Asthma(p. 390)
• The Nervous System(p. 392)
• Hepatotoxicty(p. 395)
• Nephrotoxicity(p. 399)
• Fetotoxicity(p. 400)
• The Cardiovascular System(p. 403)
• References(p. 403)
• Chapter 17 Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals(p. 408)
• Introduction(p. 408)
• Laboratory Materials: Explosive Chemicals(p. 409)
• Laboratories and Waste Management Systems(p. 411)
• Waste Management Plan(p. 412)
• Responsibility for the Waste Management System(p. 412)
• Generation of Waste: Reduction in Volumes(p. 413)
• Storage and Shelf Life of Reagents(p. 413)
• Reagent Labeling and Maintenance(p. 414)
• Avoiding Orphan Reaction Mixtures(p. 414)
• The Waste Management System(p. 414)
• Waste Management Manual(p. 415)
• Peroxide-Forming Chemicals(p. 415)
• References(p. 419)
• Appendix 17-1 Shock-Sensitive Chemicals(p. 420)
• Appendix 17-2 Potentially Explosive Combination of Some Common Reagents(p. 421)
• Appendix 17-3 Chemicals Generally Incompatible(p. 422)
• Appendix 17-4 Specific Chemicals with Incompatibles(p. 423)
• Appendix 17-5 Quick Guide to Chemical Toxicity and Safety(p. 425)
• Appendix 17-6 Nonhazardous Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Suitable for Sanitary Sewer Disposal(p. 427)
• Chapter 18 Good Laboratory Practice(p. 429)
• Introduction(p. 429)
• Organization, Management, and the Testing Facility(p. 435)
• Standard Operating Procedure(p. 439)
• Protocol(p. 440)
• Performance of the Study(p. 441)
• Conclusion(p. 447)
• References(p. 447)
• Appendix 18-1 Protocol Checklist(p. 449)
• Appendix 18-2 Animals Dosing and Observations(p. 451)
• Appendix 18-3 Facility Inspection Report(p. 453)
• Appendix 18-4 Method Development and Validation (Analytical Chemistry Audit Form)(p. 456)
• Appendix 18-5 Stability of Test Substance in Sample Matrix(p. 457)
• Appendix 18-6 Analytical Reference Standards(p. 458)
• Appendix 18-7 Standard Reference Solutions and Instrument Calibration(p. 459)
• Appendix 18-8 Sample Preparation, Extraction, and Clean Up(p. 460)
• Appendix 18-9 Sample Analysis(p. 461)
• Appendix 18-10 Quality Control Practices(p. 462)
• Appendix 18-11 Quality Assurance Checklist(p. 463)
• Chapter 19 Safety Evaluation: Methods and Procedures(p. 465)
• Introduction(p. 465)
• Short-Term Toxicity Studies(p. 479)
• Chronic Toxicity Studies(p. 495)
• References(p. 503)
• Chapter 20 Guidance for Laboratory Students and Occupational Workers(p. 504)
• Introduction(p. 504)
• General Safety Guidelines(p. 505)
• Chemical Safety Guidelines(p. 505)
• General Principles(p. 507)
• Health and Hygiene(p. 507)
• Food Handling(p. 508)
• Housekeeping(p. 508)
• Equipment Maintenance(p. 509)
• Guarding for Safety(p. 509)
• Shielding for Safety(p. 509)
• Glassware(p. 510)
• Flammability Hazards(p. 510)
• Cold Traps and Cryogenic Hazards(p. 511)
• Closed Systems Under Positive or Negative Pressure(p. 511)
• Waste Disposal Procedures(p. 511)
• Warning Signs and Labels(p. 511)
• Unattended Operations(p. 512)
• Working Alone(p. 512)
• Accident Reporting(p. 512)
• Evacuation(p. 513)
• Everyday Hazards(p. 513)
• Identification(p. 513)
• Classification(p. 514)
• Segregation(p. 515)
• Disposal of Wastes in Sewer Systems(p. 515)
• Accumulating Wastes for Disposal(p. 515)
• Using Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safely(p. 518)
• Appendixes(p. 521)
• Glossary(p. 597)
• Index(p. 617)

Reseñas proporcionadas por Syndetics

CHOICE Review

This comprehensive work contains a vast amount of information about toxic properties and health effects of hundreds of substances used in the chemical manufacturing industry, and it offers advice and guidelines about the safe handling and disposal of hazardous chemicals. Well written and extensively documented, the book includes chapters on heavy metals; herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides; industrial solvents; industrial gases and fumes; food additives and contaminants; and drugs and pharmaceuticals. There are also informative discussions of the principles of toxicology, disposal of hazardous chemicals, exposure guidelines, and safe laboratory practice for students and workers. Principal author Dikshith has had extensive industrial experience in India, is currently a member of a World Health Organization Task Group on chemical safety, and is editor of Toxicology of Pesticides in Animals (1990); coauthor Diwan is deputy director of pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology. The book is intended for laboratory personnel involved in the manufacture of chemicals, but it contains information that will be useful to anyone who handles or is exposed to chemicals or who is interested in actions and effects of chemical substances in the environment. ^BSumming Up: Essential. All levels. R. W. Sheets Southwest Missouri State University

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Turuvekere Subrahmanya Shanmukha DIKSHITH, PhD, was the head of The Pesticide Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, (CSIR), Lucknow, and later director of the Toxicology Research Laboratory, VIMTA Labs Ltd., Hyderabad, India. He is presently the Consultant, Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute for Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. He is a member of the World Health Organization Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria Documents and the International Program on Chemical Safety. He is also the editor of Toxicology of Pesticides in Animals, and author of Safety Evaluation of Environmental Chemicals.

PRAKASH V. DIWAN, PhD, is the Deputy Director, Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. He has been elected as a Fellow of the Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences.