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This introductory college textbook provides a view of the many subfields composing biological anthropology . It also offers a critical examination of the natural selection theory that forms the basic paradigm of the discipline. The book discusses various evolutionary perspectives on human biology an

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Boxed Features(p. xv)
• Preface(p. xvii)
• About the Authors(p. xxiii)
• 1 Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Biology and Behavior(p. 1)
• Anthropology and Biological Anthropology(p. 3)
• Subjects That Biological Anthropologists Study(p. 9)
• The Language of Biological Anthropology(p. 14)
• Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Species(p. 17)
• The Perspective of Human Evolution(p. 23)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 27)
• 2 Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection(p. 28)
• Influences on Darwin(p. 29)
• Darwin Develops His Theory(p. 33)
• Limitations of Darwin's and Wallace's Theory(p. 40)
• Sexual Selection(p. 41)
• Evolution of Behavior(p. 44)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 49)
• 3 Genetics(p. 50)
• Development of a Theory of Inheritance(p. 51)
• DNA: The Blueprint for the Cell's Reproduction and Metabolism(p. 58)
• The Cell Nucleus Evolves(p. 64)
• Sexual Reproduction(p. 67)
• Mutation: The Source of Genetic Variation(p. 71)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 75)
• 4 Populations, Species, and Evolution(p. 76)
• The Science of Population Genetics(p. 77)
• The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium(p. 78)
• How Microevolution Leads to Macroevolution(p. 93)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 99)
• 5 Stages of Vertebrate Evolution(p. 100)
• Reconstructing Evolutionary Relationships(p. 103)
• The Chordates(p. 106)
• The First Vertebrates: Our Fish Heritage(p. 108)
• Amphibians and Reptiles(p. 112)
• Mammals Evolve and Radiate(p. 119)
• The Human Brain in Evolutionary Perspective(p. 126)
• Understanding Human Morphology(p. 131)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 134)
• 6 Primate Evolution(p. 135)
• What Is a Primate?(p. 136)
• The First Primate Radiation: Primatelike Mammals of the Paleocene(p. 142)
• The Second Primate Radiation: Prosimians(p. 143)
• The Third Primate Radiation: Anthropoids(p. 146)
• Origins and Evolution of the Monkeys(p. 152)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 161)
• 7 Primates of the New and Old Worlds(p. 162)
• The Primate Order(p. 163)
• The Strepsirhines: Primates of Africa and Asia(p. 164)
• The Haplorhines: Tarsiers(p. 169)
• The Haplorhines: Monkeys and Apes(p. 170)
• The New World Monkeys(p. 171)
• The Old World Monkeys(p. 175)
• The Living Hominoids Minus Humans: The Apes(p. 181)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 193)
• 8 Primates: Patterns in Social Behavior(p. 194)
• Advantages of Group Living(p. 195)
• Field Studies and Behavioral Modeling(p. 197)
• Behavior and Social Organization of Prosimians(p. 202)
• Female Reproductive Strategies(p. 204)
• Male Strategies and Behaviors(p. 209)
• Primate Foraging and Feeding(p. 211)
• Defensive Behavior, Aggression, and Dominance Patterns(p. 212)
• Communication and Learning(p. 215)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 223)
• 9 Introduction to the Hominoids(p. 224)
• Anatomy of a Climbing Heritage(p. 225)
• The Earliest Hominoids(p. 229)
• Ape Evolution in Eurasia(p. 234)
• Evolutionary Relationships Among Hominoids(p. 237)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 243)
• 10 The Australopithecines(p. 244)
• What Is a Hominid?(p. 245)
• The Australopithecines(p. 249)
• Interpretation of the Evolutionary History(p. 258)
• Robust Australopithecines(p. 268)
• Reconstructing Early Hominid Behavior(p. 270)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 276)
• 11 The Genus Homo(p. 277)
• Major Physical Changes in Early Homo(p. 278)
• Homo habilis(p. 286)
• The First Stone Tools(p. 288)
• Homo in the Middle Pleistocene(p. 290)
• The Evolving Brain and Human Evolution(p. 298)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 310)
• 12 Homo Sapiens(p. 311)
• Physical Characteristics of Early Homo sapiens(p. 313)
• Behavior of Early Homo sapiens(p. 328)
• The Emergence of Modern Homo sapiens(p. 331)
• Reconstructing Early Human Behavior(p. 336)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 346)
• 13 The Hominoids: Studies of Ape and Human Behavior(p. 347)
• Social Behavior of Apes(p. 348)
• Innate Behaviors in Humans(p. 363)
• Human Sociobiology(p. 367)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 377)
• 14 Human Biology and Variation(p. 378)
• The Nature of Human Genetic Variation(p. 380)
• Early Studies of Human Variation: The Concept of "Race"(p. 384)
• Genetic Origins of Variation(p. 386)
• How Natural Selection Maintains Human Variation(p. 391)
• Genetic Influence on Behavioral Variation(p. 402)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 411)
• 15 The Human Life Cycle: Human Biology, Growth, and Adaptability(p. 412)
• Human Growth Studies(p. 414)
• Human Adaptability to the Environment(p. 428)
• Modern Life and Human Evolution(p. 433)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 438)
• 16 Humans in Evolutionary Perspective: Applied Biological Anthropology(p. 439)
• Premises and Goals of Applied Biological Anthropology(p. 440)
• Evolutionary Medicine(p. 443)
• Forensic Anthropology(p. 452)
• Human Ecology and Quality of Life(p. 456)
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Internet Exercises
• MediaLab(p. 459)
• Appendix 1 The Language of Biological Anthropology: Human Anatomy(p. 460)
• Appendix 2 The Language of Biological Anthropology: Geology(p. 465)
• Appendix 3 The Language of Biological Anthropology: Biology and Taxonomy(p. 466)
• Appendix 4 Dating Methods in Paleoanthropology(p. 468)
• Glossary(p. 475)
• References(p. 485)
• Illustration Credits(p. 496)
• Index(p. 499)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Noel T. Boaz is founder of the International Institute for Human Evolutionary Research in Oregon and Professor of Anatomy at Ross University School of Medicine. Dr. Boaz received his Ph.D. in biological anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley in 1977 and is currently working on his M.D. degree. A paleoanthropologist with many years of field experience in Africa, his most recent research has been on Chinese Homo erectus. Other research interests include earliest hominid origins, paleoecology, evolutionary medicine, and forensic anthropology. In 1999, Dr. Boaz was scientific planning director in Bosnia for Physicians for Human Rights. His most recent publications include Eco Homo (1997), an ecological history of the human species, and Evolving Health (2002), an application of human evolutionary biology to preventive medicine.

Alan J. Almquist is Professor of Anthropology at California State University, Hayward. Dr. Almquist received his Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. A dedicated teacher, he has also headed the Clarence Smith Museum of Anthropology at Hayward and has undertaken fieldwork at early hominid sites in the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Current research interests include the evolution of human sexual behavior and paleoanthropology. Publications include Milestones in Human Evolution (1993) edited with Ann Manyak; a reader, Human Sexuality (1995) with Andrei Simic and Patricia Omidian; and Contemporary Readings in Physical Anthropology (2000), a collection of articles from the New York Times, edited by Dr. Almquist and published by Prentice Hall.