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Essentials of Mastering English: A Concise Grammar is both an ideal companion for undergraduate students wishing to acquire a high level of grammatical proficiency and a readily accessible reference work for teachers of English at all levels. It provides an introduction to basic grammatical terms and to elementary syntactic description, enabling students to analyse sentences and utterances down to word level with a specification of both the form and the function of all constituents.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Part I
• 1. Grammatical description: getting started(p. 1)
• 1.1. Grammar: syntax, morphology and semantics(p. 1)
• 1.2. The form and function distinction(p. 2)
• 1.3. Sentence functions introduced(p. 3)
• 1.4. Four form types(p. 4)
• 1.5. Word classes(p. 5)
• 1.6. Discontinuity(p. 7)
• 1.7. Basic sentence structures(p. 8)
• 1.8. More sentence functions and structures(p. 10)
• 1.9. Summary of sentence functions and structures(p. 11)
• 2. Sentence functions(p. 11)
• 2.1. The predicator(p. 11)
• 2.2. The subject(p. 15)
• 2.3. The direct object(p. 19)
• 2.4. The indirect object(p. 21)
• 2.5. The subject complement(p. 23)
• 2.6. The object complement(p. 25)
• 2.7. Adverbials(p. 26)
• 2.8. Predicates and predications(p. 29)
• 3. Complex forms(p. 30)
• 3.1. Groups(p. 30)
• 3.2. Types of subordination in groups(p. 32)
• 3.3. The preposition group(p. 34)
• 3.4. The compound unit(p. 36)
• 3.5. Types of coordination(p. 37)
• 3.6. Coordinating conjunctions(p. 39)
• 3.7. Clauses(p. 40)
• 3.8. The functions of subclauses(p. 41)
• 3.9. Markers of clausal subordination(p. 42)
• 3.10. Embedding and recursiveness(p. 43)
• 4. Clause types and utterance functions(p. 44)
• 4.1. Major types of clause(p. 44)
• 4.2. Communicative functions(p. 45)
• 4.3. The forms of communicative functions(p. 46)
• 5. Missing constituents, ellipsis and pro-forms(p. 48)
• 5.1. The zero convention(p. 48)
• 5.2. Types of ellipsis(p. 49)
• 5.3. Pro-forms(p. 51)
• 6. Vocatives, interjections and dislocation(p. 52)
• Part II
• 7. Constituent Order(p. 55)
• 7.1. Functions of constituent order(p. 56)
• 7.2. Inversion(p. 58)
• 7.2.1. Subject-operator inversion(p. 59)
• 7.2.2. Full inversion(p. 62)
• 7.3. Constituent order in subclauses(p. 64)
• 7.4. Position and order of adverbials(p. 65)
• 7.4.1. Initial position(p. 65)
• 7.4.2. Medial position(p. 66)
• 7.4.3. Terminal position(p. 67)
• 7.4.4. Positions in nonfinite clauses(p. 67)
• 7.4.5. Factors governing the distribution of adverbials(p. 68)
• 7.4.6. Relative position of adverbials(p. 71)
• 8. Situations and participants(p. 73)
• 8.1. Actionality: dynamic versus stative situations(p. 73)
• 8.2. Subtypes of dynamic situations(p. 74)
• 8.3. Subtypes of stative situations(p. 75)
• 8.4. General participant roles(p. 77)
• 8.5. Specific participant roles(p. 77)
• 8.6. A few points in connection with participant roles(p. 79)
• 9. Voice: active versus passive(p. 81)
• 9.1. Functions of the passive(p. 82)
• 9.2. Voice restrictions(p. 84)
• 9.3. Nonfinite passives(p. 85)
• 9.4. GET-passives(p. 85)
• 9.5. Notional 'passives'(p. 86)
• 9.6. Passives versus adjectival non-passives(p. 87)
• 10. Polarity(p. 88)
• 10.1. Standard negation and rules of contraction(p. 88)
• 10.2. Domain of negation: global versus local(p. 89)
• 10.3. Syntactic field of negation: clausal versus limited(p. 90)
• 10.4. Semantic scope of negation: complete versus incomplete(p. 92)
• 10.5. Overview(p. 94)
• 10.6. Polarity in non-declarative sentences(p. 95)
• 11. Subject-predicator concord(p. 96)
• 11.1. The basic rule(p. 96)
• 11.2. Singular or plural subject realization?(p. 97)
• 11.3. Notional concord(p. 100)
• 11.4. Attraction(p. 103)
• 12. The complex sentence(p. 103)
• 12.1. Definition and classifications(p. 103)
• 12.2. Additional points(p. 105)
• 12.3. Clausal complementation(p. 106)
• 12.4. Discontinuous subject clauses(p. 108)
• 12.5. The subject function in subclauses(p. 109)
• 12.6. Conditional clauses(p. 111)
• 12.7. Clausally realized disjuncts(p. 112)
• 12.8. Transferred negation(p. 114)
• 12.9. Cleft sentences(p. 115)
• Part III
• 13. Verbals(p. 117)
• 13.1. Introduction(p. 117)
• 13.1.1. Verb forms(p. 117)
• 13.1.2. Semi-auxiliaries(p. 118)
• 13.1.3. The external relations of verbals(p. 120)
• 13.1.4. The internal structure of verbals(p. 120)
• 13.2. Complex predicators(p. 122)
• 13.2.1. Phrasal verbs(p. 122)
• 13.2.2. Prepositional verbs(p. 123)
• 13.2.3. Phrasal-prepositional verbs(p. 124)
• 13.2.4. Other complex predicators(p. 125)
• 13.3. Tense and aspect(p. 125)
• 13.3.1. Introduction(p. 125)
• 13.3.2. Deictic forms: present and past(p. 127)
• 13.3.3. Future forms(p. 129)
• 13.3.4. Perfect forms(p. 130)
• 13.3.5. Future perfect forms(p. 132)
• 13.3.6. Progressive forms: introduction(p. 132)
• 13.3.7. Present and past progressive forms(p. 136)
• 13.3.8. Future progressive forms(p. 137)
• 13.3.9. Perfect and future perfect progressive forms(p. 138)
• 13.3.10. Tense-aspect in indirect speech(p. 138)
• 13.3.11. Tense-aspect in narration(p. 140)
• 13.3.12. Modal uses of past tense-aspect forms(p. 142)
• 13.3.13. Modal uses of WILL(p. 143)
• 13.4. Mood(p. 144)
• 13.4.1. The imperative(p. 145)
• 13.4.2. The subjunctive(p. 146)
• 13.5. Modality(p. 148)
• 13.5.1. Introduction(p. 148)
• 13.5.2. MAY/MIGHT(p. 149)
• 13.5.3. CAN/COULD(p. 151)
• 13.5.4. MUST(p. 153)
• 13.5.5. SHALL/SHOULD(p. 155)
• 14. Nominals(p. 157)
• 14.1. Introduction(p. 157)
• 14.1.1. The external relations of nominals(p. 157)
• 14.1.2. The internal structure of noun groups(p. 157)
• 14.1.3. The functional structure of nominals(p. 159)
• 14.2. Categorization(p. 162)
• 14.2.1. What's in a head?(p. 162)
• 14.2.2. Gender(p. 164)
• 14.2.3. Types of nouns and referents(p. 166)
• 14.2.4. Countability(p. 167)
• 14.3. Determination(p. 170)
• 14.3.1. Types of determiner(p. 170)
• 14.3.2. Co-occurring determiners: pre-and postdeterminers(p. 170)
• 14.3.3. Determiners and quantifiers(p. 172)
• 14.3.4. Referential orientation(p. 173)
• 14.3.5. The definite article(p. 175)
• 14.3.6. The indefinite article(p. 178)
• 14.3.7. Zero determination(p. 181)
• 14.3.8. The genitive(p. 185)
• 14.4. Quantification: the number category(p. 190)
• 14.4.1. The formal singular/plural distinction(p. 190)
• 14.4.2. What is pluralized?(p. 193)
• 14.4.3. The uses of the singular and the plural(p. 193)
• 15. Pronominals(p. 195)
• 15.1. Introduction(p. 195)
• 15.1.1. Classification of pronouns(p. 195)
• 15.1.2. The external relations of pronominals(p. 196)
• 15.1.3. The communicative function of pronominals(p. 197)
• 15.2. Central pronouns(p. 198)
• 15.2.1. Personal pronouns(p. 198)
• 15.2.2. Possessive pronouns(p. 203)
• 15.2.3. Reflexive pronouns(p. 205)
• 15.3. Pronouns without a person distinction(p. 208)
• 15.3.1. Demonstrative pronouns(p. 208)
• 15.3.2. Interrogative pronouns(p. 212)
• 15.3.3. Relative pronouns(p. 215)
• 15.3.4. Indefinite pronouns(p. 221)
• 16. Adjectivals and adverbals(p. 229)
• 16.1. Preliminary discussion of adjectivals(p. 229)
• 16.1.1. Adjectives and adjective groups(p. 229)
• 16.1.2. Semantics(p. 230)
• 16.1.3. Morphology(p. 231)
• 16.1.4. The external relations of adjectivals(p. 232)
• 16.1.5. Parataxis and hypotaxis(p. 234)
• 16.1.6. Descriptive, classifying and specifying adjectives(p. 235)
• 16.1.7. Positional restrictions(p. 236)
• 16.2. Adjectival modification and positional ordering(p. 238)
• 16.2.1. Modificational zones(p. 238)
• 16.2.2. Structure in and across Mod. zones(p. 240)
• 16.2.3. Zone-internal order(p. 241)
• 16.3. Comparison of adjectives(p. 244)
• 16.3.1. The basic system of comparison(p. 244)
• 16.3.2. Irregular comparison(p. 245)
• 16.3.3. The choice between morphological and syntactic comparison(p. 246)
• 16.3.4. The use of compared forms(p. 248)
• 16.4. The substantival use of adjectives(p. 250)
• 16.4.1. What is meant by 'substantival use'?(p. 250)
• 16.4.2. Generic and specific reference(p. 251)
• 16.5. Adverbals(p. 252)
• 16.5.1. Preliminaries(p. 252)
• 16.5.2. The external relations of adverbals(p. 254)
• 16.5.3. Morphology(p. 254)
• 16.5.4. VERY versus MUCH(p. 256)
• 16.5.5. Comparison(p. 257)
• Appendix Tips on pronunciation and spelling(p. 259)
• A.1. Verbs(p. 259)
• A.2. Nouns(p. 260)
• A.2.1. The regular singular/plural distinction(p. 260)
• A.2.2. Irregular plurals(p. 261)
• A.3. Adjectives: comparison(p. 263)
• A.4. Adverbs(p. 264)
• Select bibliography(p. 265)
• Glossary(p. 267)
• Subject index(p. 299)
• World index(p. 319)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Carl Bache, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.