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In the black helping tradition, spirituality is the sense of the sacred and divine. It is a critical value deeply rooted in the African worldview and used by African Americans as a tool for survival. Provocative and well-written, this is the first book to draw a relationship between social work, spirituality, and the helping tradition among African Americans. Offering a wealth of historical detail and narrative, Elmer and Joanne Martin explore spirituality as a foundation for understanding people of African descent and as a skill to evoke self-help. This ground-breaking book raises compelling questions about the limitations and strengths of mainstream social work in issues of black spirituality and its role in strengthening the black community today.

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• List of Figures and Tables(p. vi)
• Dedication(p. vii)
• Chapter 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• Chapter 2 Spirituality and the Traditional African Helper(p. 15)
• Chapter 3 Spirituality and the Enslaved Black Helper(p. 39)
• Chapter 4 Religious Mythomania and the Fight for Freedom(p. 63)
• Chapter 5 Spirituality and Race Work in the Free Black Community(p. 93)
• Chapter 6 Alexander Crummell, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the Transition of Race Work to Social Work(p. 115)
• Chapter 7 Early Black Male Social Workers and the Integration of Spirituality and Science(p. 137)
• Chapter 8 Early Black Female Social Workers, Spirituality, and Fictive Kinship(p. 165)
• Chapter 9 Black Spirituality and Mainstream Social Work(p. 193)
• Chapter 10 Spirituality and African-Centered and Black Experience-Based Social Work Approaches(p. 227)
• Bibliography(p. 261)
• Index(p. 277)

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CHOICE Review

Spirituality and helping one another are traditional aspects of African American societies, brought from Africa with the slaves. These two concepts helped Africans survive the psychological and physical brutality of New World slavery. African American spiritualists combined their religious beliefs with Christianity to form a new style of worship. Once slavery ended, African Americans criticized the white church for its racist beliefs and challenged it to integrate. Using their background and activist involvement, those in the black helping tradition embraced and helped to shape the newly emerging field of social work. The Martins make a strong case for a more general acceptance of this tradition, with its strong emphasis on spirituality, citing the work of several significant men and women, such as Alexander Crummell, W.E.B. DuBois, Richard Wright, and Thyra Edwards. These individuals and others had to negotiate the Eurocentric perspective that frowned on their experience and spirituality while continuing the work for social justice. Related to Iris B. Carlton-LaNey's edited collection African American Leadership (2001), this book will interest historians, social work educators, and professionals alike. ^BSumming Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. D. R. Jamieson Ashland University