Includes index.

Bibliography

Contents :
Foreword by Andres Duany xv --
Preface xvii --
Acknowledgements xxi --
ONE History , Geography , and Society 1 --
TWO The First Half Century : The Rise of an Antillean Metropolis 51 --
THREE The Havana of January 89 --
FOUR Socialist Havana : Planning , Dreams , and Reality 131 --
FIVE City Government and Administration : Old and New Actors 168 --
SIX The Hope and Reality of Socialist Housing 196 --
SEVEN The Changing Nature of the Economy 234 --
EIGHT The Value of Social Functions 260 --
NINE Habana Vieja : Pearl of the Caribbean 310 --
TEN Havana’s Future : Risks and Opportunities 346 --
Bibliography 379 --
Index 409 --

Figures --
1.1 Havana monthly temperature and precipitation 5 --
1.2 Traces of quarries in Havana’s twenty – first – century landscape 7 --
1.3 Imprint of marine terraces on selected main streets in Vedado 9 --
1.4 Curvilinear imprint imposed by the waterfront on street pattern of Habana Vieja , ca. 1849 10 --
1.5 Settlement of villas in Cuba 1512 – 28 13 --
1.6 Typical elite carriage n Habana Vieja , early nineteenth century 34 --
1.7 A view of the boulevard Alameda de Isabel II 35 --
1.8 Calzada de Vives ( Avenida de España ) ca. 1954 42 --
1.9 Havana’s land area and population density , 1519 – 1958 44 --
1.10 Obispo Street with awnings , ca. 1906 47 --
1.11 Territorial expansion of Havana 1519-1958 48 --
1.12 Centro Habana with its late – nineteenth – and early – twentieth – century construction and design 48 --
1.13 Havana’s fifteen municipalities in 2001 49 --
2.1 Centro de Dependientes , ca. 1910 61 --
2.2 Tobacco factories from the nineteenth century 62 --
2.3 Present – day Plaza de la Revolución 66 --
2.4 Five aerial views of Havana , ca 1950 70 --
2.5 View of Fifth Avenue ( quinta Avenida ) 81 --
2.6 City block design for Habana Vieja proposed by J L Sert 85 --
2.7 Artificial islands with hotels , casinos , and shopping centers , proposed by J L Sert 85 --
2.8 Five functional nodes of Havana 87 --
3.1 Cuban sugar harvest and value 1900 – 1958 92 --
3.2 The Cuban Electric Company 94 --
3.3 Industrial plants by province , 1957 103 --
3.4 Images of Tropical Brewery Park 108 --
3.5 View of the Vedado skyscrapers 110 --
3.6 Havana Hilton , renamed the Habana Libre in the early years of the revolution 123 --
3.7 Hotel Nacional in Vedado 124 --
3.8 Art deco – style residence built in the 1940s in Miramar 125 --
4.1 Cuba’s foreign trade balance 1989 – 98 147 --
4.2 Value of Cuban fuel imports 1989 – 98 147 --
4.3 The 1971 master plan 157 --
5.1 Jurisdictional reorganization of Cuban provinces 1959 , 1976 170 --
5.2 The new federalism in Cuba 191 --
6.1 Traditional wooden bungalows in Regla 198 --
6.2 Multiflex module designed by Fernando Salinas 1969 209 --
6.3 Modern and anonymous high – rises at Infanta and Monte Streets , built in 1960s 214 --
6.4 Twin high – rise apartment towers in Vedado 215 --
6.5 Villa Panamericana 226 --
6.6 Pedestrian mall at Villa Panamericana 227 --
7.1 Bicycling in Havana 244 --
7.2 Industry and manufacturing in Havana 1996 246 --
8.1 One new bus style introduced in Havana in the 1900s 270 --
8.2 A trolley stop , Plaza de Armas , ca. 1950 272 --
8.3 Major green spaces in Havana 276 --
8.4 Protest plaza in front of the US Interest Section in Havana 280 --
8.5 Health care facilities and medical research centers , Havana , late 1990s 284 --
8.6 Infant mortality rates in Havana , by municipality , 1993 285 --
8.7 Leading origins of tourists to Cuba 294 --
8.8 Tourist “poles” , Havana City Province 296 --
8.9 Driving tie from Capitolio building to points in Havana City Province 304 --
8.10 The Malecón , Havana’s “social living room” and seaside promenade 305 --
8.11 Natural lookout points for a panoramic views of Havana 306 --
9.1 Nineteenth – century image of Havana 311 --
9.2 Rhythmic sequence of arcades and porticoes facing Plaza Vieja 313 --
9.3 The underground parking garage 1993 322 --
9.5 Modern building in Habana Vieja 334 --
9.6 Land uses in Old Havana 1992 335 --
9.7 New buildings in Old Havana 336 --
9.8 Restored buildings on Calle Obispo , Habana Vieja 337 --
9.9 Microbrigade project halted 339 --
9.10 Master plan , Habana Vieja 341 --
9.11 Organizational chart , City Historian’s Office 342 --
10.1 School of Arts complex , Cubanacán , Havana City Province 360 --
10.2 Banco Financiero Internacional 364 --
10.3 Parque Central Hotel at busy intersection of Prado and Neptuno in Habana Vieja 365 --
10.4 Hotel Melia – Habana in Miramar , Monte Barreto 366 --
10.5 Foreign resident condominiums , Miramar 367 --
10.6 Relative location of Miramar Trade Center 368 --
10.7 Architectural model of Miramar Trade Center within Monte Barreto development project 368 --
10.8 One of eighteen business and office complexes at the Miramar Trade Center 369 --
10.9 Novotel Miramar , anchoring the southern end of Monte Barreto complex 370 --
10.10 University Martyrs Park – Monument , Centro Habana 372 --
10.11 Heroes of March 13 , Colón Cemetery , designed by Escobar , Coyula , and Villa , 1981 - 82 373 --
10.12 John Lennon statue 374 --

Tables :
1.1 Population of Selected Major Villages in the Antillean Section of the Audience of Santo Domingo , 1574 17 --
1.2 Population of Cuba , Selected Years , Late Nineteenth Century 27 --
1.3 Historic Nineteenth – Century “ Firsts ” in Havana 36 --
1.4 Public Works Projects in Havana , Commissioned by Miguel Tacón , Governor of Cuba, 1834 – 1838 38 --
3.1 Population Growth of Havana and Cuba , 1899 – 1958 120 --
4.1 The Contribution of Building Trades to the Gross Social Product 143 --
4.2 Housing Completion, 1959 – 1990 (in thousands) 145 --
4.3 Accomplishments of the Master Plan of 1963 – 1964 155 --
4.4 Premises of the First Stage of Updating Havana’s Master Plan 163 --
4.5 Profiles of the Havana Talleres ( Workshops ) 164 --
5.1 Reorganization of Counties ( Municipios ) in Pre - and Postrevolutionary Havana 171 --
5.2 Major Urban Planning Laws in Cuba and Havana 1523 – 1985 178 --
5.3 Urban Environmental and Quality – of – Life Problems 181 --
5.4 Urban Agriculture in Havana , 2000 184 --
5.5 New Forms of Community Participation 185 --
6.1 Selected Housing during the First Years of the Castro Government 200 --
6.2 Prefabricated Panels Used in Cuban Construction 212 --
7.1 Havana’s Labor force by Productive and Nonproductive Spheres , ca 1990 243 --
7.2 Actions to Rehabilitate Cuba’s Internal Finances , 1996 – 2001 249 --
7.3 Annual Frequency of Distribution of Selected Food Items 1993 and 2000 251 --
7.4 Normative Food Distribution per Person through the Ration Book ( Libreta ) , Havana , 2000 252 --
7.5 Average Prices for Selected Food Items in the Peso Market ( 1989 ) and the Free Market ( January 2001 ) 253 --
7.6 Benefits and Detriments of Illegally Self – Employed Workers 254 --
8.1 Cuba’s Ranking in the United Nations ‘ Human Development Index 262 --
8.2 Selected Data on Services in Havana , ca . 1989 with Selected 2000 Updates 269 --
8.3 Health Care Facilities in Havana , 1995 282 --
8.4 New Educational Facilities Placed in and around Havana, 1960s – 1970s 288 --
8.5 Temperature ( Celsius ) Comparisons between Selected Florida Cities and Havana 291 --
8.6 Leading Origins of Tourists to Cuba , 1995 – 1999 292 --
8.7 Selected Joint – Venture Hotel Chains in Cuba , ca 2001 302 --
9.1 City Historian ‘s Office , Approximate Income and Investment after Decree – Law 143 in 1993 340 --
9.2 Rehabilitation Works at Old Havana by the City Historian ‘s Office 1999 – 2000 343 --
10.1 Sectoral Assessment of Havana’s Physical and Human Resources 2001 354 --

An international trio of architects and planners offer a rich profile of one of the world's most celebrated cities. Tracing nearly 500 years of development in Havana, the authors assess the city's historic and modern architecture, its social and economic fabric, its diverse people and its contemporary challenges --