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In Crime Prevention: Programs, Policies, and Practices, criminologists Steven E. Barkan and Michael Rocque present a well-rounded exploration of evidence-based policies, programs, and practices. Grounded in criminological theory and emphasizing the social, psychological, and biological roots of crime, this text presents current research, perspectives, and examples that capture the key crime prevention concepts students should understand, including the public health model for crime prevention. Highlighting the importance of applying theory to real-world solutions, the authors′ discussion of crime prevention strategies integrates theory and practice throughout the text.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xiii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xv)
• About the Authors(p. xvi)
• Part I Introduction: Why Crime Prevention?(p. 1)
• Chapter 1 The Crime Problem in the United States(p. 3)
• The Amount and Cost of Crime(p. 4)
• The Amount of Crime(p. 4)
• The Cost of Crime(p. 6)
• The Cost of Criminal Justice(p. 6)
• Unaffordable Justice: The Failure of Mass Incarceration(p. 8)
• The Growth of Incarceration(p. 9)
• Explaining the Prison Boom(p. 11)
• The Limited Crime-Reduction Impact of Mass Incarceration(p. 13)
• Collateral Consequences of Mass Incarceration(p. 16)
• Conclusion(p. 18)
• Chapter 2 Public Health and the Study of Crime Prevention(p. 23)
• The Public Health Model(p. 24)
• Harm Reduction(p. 25)
• Public Health and Crime Prevention(p. 26)
• The Three Levels of Public Health and Crime Prevention(p. 26)
• Studying Crime and Crime Prevention(p. 28)
• Survey Research(p. 29)
• Qualitative Research(p. 32)
• Experimental Research(p. 32)
• Evaluation Research(p. 34)
• Conclusion(p. 34)
• Chapter 3 Setting the Stage: The Individual Roots of Crime(p. 37)
• Preview of The Discussion(p. 38)
• Biological Factors Then and Now(p. 38)
• Children's Cognitive and Neurological Development(p. 40)
• Prenatal and Maternal Problems and Fetal Development(p. 41)
• Genetics and Crime(p. 42)
• Psychological Factors: Mental Illness and Personality(p. 45)
• Mental Illness(p. 45)
• Personality Traits and Crime(p. 48)
• Cognitive Processes and Motivation: Rational Choice and Deterrence(p. 49)
• Rational Choice Theory(p. 50)
• Deterrence Theory(p. 51)
• Conclusion(p. 52)
• Chapter 4 Setting the Stage: The Environmental Roots of Crime(p. 58)
• Community and Situational Factors(p. 58)
• Community Factors(p. 60)
• Situational Factors(p. 61)
• Families, Friends, and Schools(p. 66)
• Family Structure, Family Functioning, and Parenting(p. 66)
• Peer Influences(p. 71)
• Schools and Schooling(p. 73)
• Sociodemographic Correlates of Crime(p. 75)
• Age(p. 75)
• Gender(p. 76)
• Social Class(p. 76)
• Race and Ethnicity(p. 77)
• The Need for Multifaceted Crime Prevention(p. 78)
• General Strain Theory(p. 78)
• Life-Course Criminology(p. 79)
• Conclusion(p. 80)
• Part II Primary Crime Prevention: Focus on the Social and Physical Environments(p. 89)
• Chapter 5 Economic and Employment Strategies(p. 91)
• Poverty and Crime(p. 92)
• Poverty in the United States: An Overview(p. 92)
• How Poverty Contributes to Criminal Behavior(p. 96)
• Employment and Crime(p. 103)
• Employment and Unemployment in the United States: An Overview(p. 103)
• The Potential Relevance of Employment Status for Conventional Crime(p. 105)
• Research on Employment Status and Crime(p. 107)
• Reducing Poverty and Promoting Stable Employment(p. 108)
• Strategies to Reduce Poverty and Promote Stable Employment(p. 109)
• Conclusion(p. 111)
• Chapter 6 Community and Neighborhood Approaches(p. 118)
• Community Risk Factors for Crime(p. 119)
• Social Disorganization(p. 119)
• Disorder(p. 120)
• Collective Efficacy(p. 120)
• Lack of Resources(p. 120)
• The Physical Environment(p. 121)
• Early Community Crime Prevention Approaches(p. 121)
• The Chicago Area Project(p. 122)
• Mobilization for Youth(p. 123)
• Contemporary Community Crime Prevention Approaches(p. 123)
• Approaches Focused on Poverty and Resources(p. 123)
• Approaches Focused on Disorder(p. 125)
• Work, Sports, and Recreation Programs(p. 127)
• Neighborhood Watch Programs(p. 128)
• Preventing Crime Through Environmental Design(p. 129)
• Community Crime Prevention and Substance Abuse(p. 131)
• Difficulties With Community Crime Prevention(p. 133)
• Conclusion(p. 134)
• Chapter 7 Situational Crime Prevention(p. 141)
• Situational Crime Prevention: Background(p. 142)
• Theoretical Background: Routine Activities and Rational Choice Theory(p. 144)
• Situational Crime Prevention: The Basics(p. 147)
• Situational Crime Prevention: Evidence(p. 149)
• Dosage(p. 151)
• Unique Settings(p. 151)
• Situational Crime Prevention: Critiques(p. 152)
• Does Crime Just Move Around the Corner?(p. 152)
• Are Offenders Rational?(p. 153)
• Big Brother(p. 154)
• Preventing Gun Violence(p. 155)
• Conclusion(p. 156)
• Part III Secondary Crime Prevention: Focus on Families, Schools, and Peers(p. 161)
• Chapter 8 Parents, Children, and Families(p. 163)
• Parenting and Child Outcomes(p. 164)
• Historical View(p. 164)
• What Do We Know About Parenting Styles?(p. 166)
• Why Might Parenting Not Matter?(p. 167)
• Parenting Programs and Crime Prevention(p. 168)
• Triple P: Positive Parenting Program(p. 168)
• Incredible Years(p. 169)
• Nurse-Family Partnership(p. 170)
• Early Childhood and Family Programs(p. 171)
• Yale Child Welfare Research Program(p. 171)
• Syracuse University Family Development Research Program(p. 172)
• The Social Development Model(p. 172)
• Functional Family Therapy(p. 173)
• How Do Parent/Family Programs Work?(p. 175)
• Preventing Family Violence(p. 175)
• Conclusion(p. 177)
• Chapter 9 Schools and Crime Prevention(p. 187)
• Schools and Risk Factors for Crime(p. 188)
• Preventing Crime in the School(p. 190)
• Bullying(p. 191)
• School Violence(p. 192)
• Crime Prevention Programs in Schools: Developmental Approaches(p. 194)
• Substance Use Programs(p. 194)
• General Delinquency Programs(p. 196)
• Preschool Approaches(p. 197)
• Extracurricular Activities(p. 198)
• Conclusion(p. 199)
• Chapter 10 Peers, Gangs, and Youth Crime(p. 206)
• Youth Crime: Facts and Figures(p. 207)
• Peers and Youth Crime(p. 209)
• Explaining the Influence of Delinquent Peers(p. 210)
• Methodological Considerations(p. 211)
• Peer Strategies(p. 212)
• Gangs and Crime(p. 221)
• Understanding Gangs and Gang Membership(p. 222)
• Gang Suppression Strategies(p. 223)
• Beyond Gang Suppression(p. 226)
• Addressing Community Conditions(p. 228)
• Conclusion(p. 228)
• Part IV Tertiary Crime Prevention: Focus on Criminal Justice(p. 235)
• Chapter 11 Policing and Crime Prevention(p. 237)
• History of Policing(p. 239)
• Deterrence Theory and Policing(p. 240)
• What Does Not Work?(p. 242)
• Broken Windows Policing(p. 242)
• What Seems to Work?(p. 244)
• Community-Oriented Policing(p. 244)
• Problem-Oriented Policing(p. 244)
• Hot Spot Policing(p. 245)
• Controversies in Police Crime Prevention(p. 248)
• Conclusion(p. 250)
• Chapter 12 Prisons and Crime Prevention(p. 257)
• Prisons: A Brief History(p. 258)
• Mass Incarceration(p. 259)
• From We Think It Works, to Nothing Works, to What Works(p. 260)
• The Martinson Report(p. 260)
• What Works in Prison Corrections?(p. 262)
• Youth Programs(p. 263)
• Adult Programs(p. 264)
• Substance Use Programs(p. 267)
• Behavioral Programs(p. 268)
• Prisons and Social Ties(p. 269)
• Incarceration or Community Sanctions?(p. 270)
• Experiences in Prison and Recidivism(p. 271)
• Genetic Considerations(p. 272)
• Conclusion(p. 273)
• Chapter 13 Community Corrections: Probation, Parole, and Reentry(p. 281)
• Understanding Probation and Parole(p. 282)
• History of Probation and Parole(p. 283)
• Probation and Parole Today(p. 284)
• Probation and Crime Prevention(p. 286)
• Intermediate Sanctions(p. 287)
• Parole and Crime Prevention(p. 291)
• Prisoner Reentry(p. 292)
• Conclusion(p. 295)
• Part V Conclusion: Final Thoughts on Crime Prevention(p. 301)
• Chapter 14 Epilogue: The Promise and Challenge of Crime Prevention(p. 303)
• What Have You Learned?(p. 303)
• Lessons From Canada and Western Europe(p. 304)
• Germany's Correctional Model(p. 305)
• The Future of Crime Prevention in the United States(p. 306)
• Glossary(p. 310)
• Index(p. 319)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Steven E. Barkan is professor of sociology at the University of Maine. His published works include several textbooks and numerous journal articles in criminology, criminal justice, law and society, and sociology. He served as president of both the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP) and the Textbook and Academic Authors Association, as chair of the Law and Society Division of SSSP, and as a council member for the Sociology of Law Section of the American Sociological Association (ASA). Strongly committed to undergraduate education, he currently serves on the advisory board of the ASA Honors Program and served on the council of Alpha Kappa Delta, the sociology undergraduate honorary society.

Michael Rocque is an associate professor in the Bates College Department of Sociology and the senior research advisor at the Maine Department of Corrections. His research focuses on life-course criminology, as well as race and justice. He is the author of three books: The Criminal Brain, 2nd edition (2016, NYU Press) with Nicole H. Rafter and Chad Posick, Desistance From Crime (2017, Palgrave-Macmillan), and Great Debates in Criminology (2018, Routledge) with Chad Posick. He was the recipient of the American Society of Criminology's Division of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology's Early Career Award in 2016.