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Neuroimmunology, the latest volume in the Contemporary Neurology Series, provides a practical, clinical, and scientific background on a diverse group of neurological disorders in this rapidly expanding field. The book includes chapters on multiple sclerosis and related disorders in adults and children, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and variants, immune-mediated disorders of the neuromuscular junction, inflammatory myopathies, paraneoplastic disorders and autoimmune encephalitities, and neurologic manifestations of systemic immune-mediated diseases. Unique to the work, the authors have included an introductory chapter on the basics of immunology and another on mechanisms of action of therapies used in neuroimmunologic disorders. The clinical chapters cover epidemiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of the different diseases along with clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, differential diagnosis, and treatment. All are presented in an accessible, practical format, making this volume a valuable resource for physicians and other healthcare providers that will care for persons with neuroimmunologic diseases.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Contributors(p. xi)
• Introduction(p. 1)
• 1 Neuroimmunology For the Non-Immunologist(p. 2)
• Introduction(p. 2)
• Roles of the Immune System(p. 3)
• Evolution of the Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity(p. 3)
• Diversity (Polymorphism) is the Hallmark of Adaptive Immunity(p. 4)
• Differentiation of B Cells to Plasma Cells: Affinity Maturation and Isotype Switching(p. 5)
• Complement System(p. 8)
• Self-Antigens, Antigen Presentation, and Immune Synapse(p. 9)
• Immune Tolerance(p. 10)
• Innate Immune Cells(p. 11)
• The Immune System is More Than a Sum of its Components-It Is a System(p. 12)
• Infections and Response of the Immune System(p. 13)
• References(p. 18)
• 2 Therapies of Neuroimmunologic Diseases(p. 21)
• Introduction(p. 22)
• Corticosteroids(p. 25)
• Monoclonal Antibodies(p. 28)
• Natalizumab (Tysabri®)
• Anti-B-Cell Monoclonal Antibodies
• Alemtnzumab (Lerntrada®)
• Daclizumab HP (Zinbryta®)-No Longer Available in the United States or Europe
• Eculizumab (Solids®)
• Opicinumab (Anti-LINGO-1)
• Interferons(p. 36)
• Interferon-ß
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone®, Glatopa®, and Others)(p. 38)
• Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators(p. 39)
• Fingolimod (Gilenya®)
• Siponimod (Mayzent®)
• Ozanimod
• Ponesimod
• Oral Antiproliferative Agents(p. 43)
• Teriflunomide (Aubagio®)
• Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera®)
• Cladribine (Mavenclad®)
• Intravenous Immunoglobulin G(p. 48)
• Plasmapheresis or Plasma Exchange(p. 49)
• Additional Immunosuppressive Agents(p. 50)
• References(p. 50)
• 3 Multiple Sclerosis(p. 59)
• Introduction(p. 60)
• Epidemiology and Demographics(p. 60)
• Genes and MS(p. 60)
• Pathogenesis and Pathology of MS(p. 61)
• Diagnosing MS(p. 62)
• Clinical Course
• Diagnosing MS: Clinical Presentations(p. 65)
• Visual Changes
• Sensory Changes
• Motor Changes
• Balance, Coordination, and Speech Changes
• Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Function Changes
• Cognitive or Mood Disturbances
• Diagnosing MS Using Laboratory Parameters(p. 68)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System
• Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination
• Neurophysiologic and Nonbrain Imaging Tests
• Diagnostic Algorithms in MS
• Prognosticating the Course of MS
• Treatment of MS(p. 72)
• Treatment of Acute Relapses
• Disease-Modifying Therapies to Alter the Course of MS
• Initial Disease-Modifying Therapies
• Oral Disease-Modifying Therapies
• Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease-Modifying Therapies
• Chemotherapeutic Agents
• Plasmapheresis or Plasma Exchange (PLEX)
• Stem Cell Therapy
• Symptomatic Management of MS
• Conclusion(p. 91)
• References(p. 91)
• 4 Multiple Sclerosis in Children
• Introduction(p. 101)
• Epidemiology(p. 102)
• Pathophysiology(p. 102)
• Clinical Features(p. 102)
• Investigations(p. 103)
• MRI
• Laboratory Tests
• Differential Diagnosis
• Treatment(p. 105)
• Acute Treatment
• Disease-Modifying Therapies
• Multidisciplinary Team Approach
• Future Directions(p. 107)
• References(p. 107)
• 5 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders(p. 109)
• Introduction(p. 110)
• Epidemiology and Demographics(p. 110)
• Pathophysiology/Immunopathogenesis(p. 111)
• AQP4-IgG NMOSD Pathogenesis
• Clinical Presentation and Radiographic Features(p. 115)
• Clinical Course
• Prognosis(p. 119)
• Laboratory Testing and Diagnostic Criteria(p. 120)
• Autoanribody Detection
• Differential Diagnosis(p. 121)
• Treatment(p. 122)
• Acute Treatment
• Maintenance Treatment
• Investigational Therapies
• Implications For Pregnancy(p. 124)
• Conclusion and Future Directions(p. 125)
• Conflict of Interest
• References(p. 125)
• 6 Immune-Mediated Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction(p. 130)
• Introduction(p. 131)
• Myasthenia Gravis(p. 131)
• Epidemiology
• Etiology
• Genetics of Autoimmune MG
• Immunoregulation in MG
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnosis
• Therapy and Principles of Management
• Pregnancy and MG
• Myasthenic Crisis
• Future Treatment Approaches
• Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome(p. 160)
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Etiology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Other Immune-Mediated Disorders(p. 164)
• References(p. 164)
• 7 Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Myopathies: Current Concepts(p. 177)
• Introduction(p. 177)
• Specific Clinical Features(p. 178)
• Histopathology and Autoantibodies Aiding Diagnosis(p. 180)
• Muscle Biopsy
• Autoantibodies
• Association with Malignancies(p. 183)
• Immunopathogenesis(p. 183)
• Dermatomyositis
• Polymyositis and Inclusion Body Myositis
• Necrotizing Autoimmune Myositis
• Triggering Factors and Immunogenetics(p. 186)
• Immune Check-Point Inhibitors Triggering Autoimmune Myositis
• Nonimmune Factors in Sporadic IBM: A "Cross-Talk" between Inflammation and Degeneration
• Treatment(p. 188)
• Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis, and Necrotizing Autoimmune Myositis
• Inclusion Body Myositis
• References(p. 190)
• 8 Guillain-Barré Syndrome(p. 193)
• Introduction(p. 193)
• Epidemiology(p. 195)
• Antecedent Events(p. 195)
• Clinical Manifestations(p. 196)
• Differential Diagnosis(p. 197)
• Diagnostics(p. 197)
• Management(p. 199)
• Supportive Care
• Immune Therapy
• Immune Therapy in Special Groups
• Prognosis(p. 202)
• References(p. 203)
• 9 CIDP and Related Variants and Overlap Disorders(p. 208)
• Introduction(p. 209)
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy(p. 209)
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Electrophysiology of CIDP
• Diagnostic Data
• Pathophysiology
• Diagnostic Criteria
• Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Challenges
• Disability from CIDP
• Treatment
• Monitoring the Treatment Response
• Neuropathy Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy(p. 221)
• Neuropathy Associated with IgG and IgA MGUS
• Multiple Myeloma-Associated Neuropathy
• POEMS Syndrome
• Neuropathy Associated with IgM MGUS
• Polyneuropathies Associated with Specifc Autoantibodies(p. 224)
• Neuropathy with Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Antibodies
• Neuropathy with Antiganglioside Anti-GD1b and Anti-GQ1b Antibodies
• Neuropathy with Antiganglioside Anti-GM3, GD1a, and GT1b Antibodies
• Neuropathy with Antibodies to Paranodal Proteins
• Neuropathy with Antibodies to Nodal Proteins
• Polyneuropathies Associated with Antibodies of Underdetermined Significance
• Multifocal Motor Neuropathy(p. 229)
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Electrophysiology of MMN
• Diagnostic Data
• Pathophysiology
• Diagnostic Criteria
• Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Challenges
• Disability from MMN
• Treatment
• Monitoring the Treatment Response
• References(p. 238)
• 10 Paraneoplastic and Idiopathic Autoimmune Neurological Disorders Affecting the Central Nervous System and Autoimmune Dysautonomia(p. 245)
• Introduction(p. 246)
• Immune-Mediated Neurological Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System(p. 249)
• Clinical Presentation
• Diagnostic Evaluation
• Treatment
• Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Neural-Specific Antibodies(p. 255)
• Neural Antibodies Targeting Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Antigens
• Amphiphysin
• Neural Antibodies Targeting Cell Surface Proteins
• AMPA Receptor
• GABA B Receptor
• GABA A Receptor
• Glycine Receptor
• mGluR1
• mGluR5
• DPPX
• PCA-Tr/DNEE
• IgLON5
• Other Neural-Specific Antibodies
• Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Dysautonomia(p. 261)
• Conclusion(p. 262)
• References(p. 262)
• 11 Neurologic Complications of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases(p. 266)
• Introduction(p. 266)
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(p. 266)
• Sjögren Syndrome(p. 269)
• Rheumatoid Arthritis(p. 269)
• Scleroderma(p. 270)
• Sarcoidosis(p. 272)
• Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System(p. 274)
• Systemic Vasculitis Syndromes(p. 275)
• Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)(p. 276)
• References(p. 277)
• Index(p. 281)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Dr. Bibiana Bielekova is the Chief of the Neuroimmunological Diseases Section of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She graduated from the Comenius University School of Medicine in Bratislava, Slovakia and undertook her neurology residency at the Boston University and neuroimmunology fellowship at the Neuroimmunology Branch of the NIH. She then became Associate professor of neurology with tenure and the Director of the Waddell Center for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) at the University of Cincinnati and returned to the NIH in 2008. She performs investigator-initiated clinical trials in MS and her laboratory studies pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for central nervous system tissue destruction and reparative processes in neuroimmunological diseases.Dr. Gary Birnbaum is a graduate of Hobart College and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He did his neurology residency at Cornell University School of Medicine with Drs. Fred Plum and Jerome Posner and his immunology fellowship with Dr. Gregory Siskind, also at Cornell University School of Medicine. Dr. Birnbaum left academia in 2000 to establish a large MS specialty clinic with Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology. He retired from clinical care in 2016 but continues to be active in MS-related issues, serving as a consultant and running a patient-oriented blog on research related to MS (msresearchupdate.com). Dr. Robert P Lisak is Parker Webber Chair in Neurology, Professor of Neurology and Professor of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology at Wayne State University and served as Chair of Neurology from 1987- 2012. Dr Lisak received his undergraduate degree from the College of Arts and Sciences of New York University and obtained his MD at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. Dr Lisak's clinical and basic research interests have included myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis and related disorders, immune-mediated neuropathies, and myopathies as well as neurologic manifestations of systemic immune-mediated diseases. Dr Lisak served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Neurological Sciences from 1997-2013.