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Why do some families survive stressful situations while others fall apart? Can a family's beliefs and values be used as a predictor of vulnerability to stress? And most importantly, can family stress be prevented? The Third Edition of Family Stress Management continues its original commitment to recognize both the external and internal contexts in which distressed families find themselves. With its hallmark Contextual Model of Family Stress (CMFS), the Third Edition provides practitioners and researchers with a useful framework to understand and help distressed individuals, couples, and families. The example of a universal stressor--a death in the family--highlights cultural differences in ways of coping. Throughout, there is new emphasis on diversity and the nuances of family stress management--such as ambiguous loss--plus new discussions on family resilience and community as resources for support.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xv)
• About the Authors(p. xvii)
• 1 Family Stress: An Overview(p. 1)
• Defining Family Stress(p. 2)
• Defining Family(p. 4)
• An Example of Diversity in Family Structure: Grandparents Parenting Grandchildren(p. 5)
• What Were Our Own Families Like?(p. 6)
• General Systems Theory: The Family as System(p. 9)
• Symbolic Interaction as a Basis for Studying Perceptions and Meanings(p. 10)
• Is There a Family Perception?(p. 11)
• Problematic Perceptions(p. 12)
• Diversity and Multiculturalism in Family Stress Management(p. 13)
• Minority Stress(p. 14)
• Acculturative and Bicultural Stress(p. 14)
• The Stress of Discrimination and Racism(p. 14)
• Gender and Family Stress(p. 17)
• Trends in the 1970s(p. 17)
• Trends in the 1980s(p. 18)
• Trends in the 1990s(p. 19)
• Current Trends(p. 19)
• Summary(p. 21)
• Points to Remember(p. 21)
• Discussion Questions(p. 22)
• Note(p. 22)
• Additional Readings(p. 23)
• 2 The Contextual Model of Family Stress(p. 24)
• Why a Contextual Model?(p. 25)
• The Family's External Context(p. 26)
• Cultural Context(p. 27)
• Historical Context(p. 28)
• Economic Context(p. 29)
• Developmental Context(p. 29)
• Hereditary Context(p. 30)
• Summary(p. 31)
• The Family's Internal Context (Structural, Psychological, and Philosophical)(p. 32)
• The ABC-X of Family Stress: A Frame for Definitions(p. 34)
• The A Factor: Stressor Event (Stressful Event)(p. 35)
• The Danger of Circular Reasoning(p. 36)
• Classification of Family Stressor Events(p. 36)
• Cautions About Defining a Stressor Event(p. 42)
• The B Factor: Resources (Individual, Family, and Community)(p. 43)
• The C Factor: Perception(p. 43)
• The Primacy of Perceptions(p. 44)
• Collective Versus Individual Perceptions(p. 45)
• The X Factor: Family Crisis(p. 45)
• The Roller Coaster Model of Family Crisis(p. 47)
• Linking the ABC-X Model to the Roller Coaster Model of Family Crisis(p. 47)
• The Turning Point: Family Recovery After Crisis(p. 48)
• Family Strain(p. 49)
• Summary(p. 50)
• Points to Remember(p. 50)
• Note(p. 51)
• Discussion Questions(p. 51)
• Additional Readings(p. 52)
• 3 Multicultural Perspectives of a Universal Stressor(p. 53)
• The Stress of Grief and Loss from Death(p. 54)
• Cultural Perceptions of Death and Loss(p. 55)
• Definitions of Death(p. 56)
• Resolving Loss(p. 56)
• Same Religion, Different Culture(p. 57)
• African American(p. 58)
• Asian(p. 60)
• Peruvian(p. 63)
• Irish(p. 64)
• Jewish(p. 64)
• Identity and Status in One's Family After a Death(p. 65)
• Applying the Contextual Model of Family Stress to This Universal Stressor(p. 66)
• Where Is the Field Now?(p. 67)
• Conclusion(p. 68)
• Summary(p. 68)
• Points to Remember(p. 69)
• Discussion Questions(p. 69)
• Additional Readings(p. 69)
• 4 Ambiguous Loss: A Major Stressor(p. 71)
• Ambiguous Loss Theory(p. 72)
• Premise(p. 73)
• Types of Ambiguous Loss(p. 73)
• Effects of Ambiguous Loss(p. 74)
• Individual Level(p. 74)
• Family Level(p. 75)
• Community Level(p. 75)
• Core Assumptions for Working With Ambiguous Loss(p. 76)
• Interventions: What Helps With Ambiguous Loss?(p. 77)
• What Ambiguous Loss Is Not(p. 79)
• Ambiguity Is Not Ambivalence(p. 80)
• Ambiguity Is Not Uncertainty(p. 80)
• Ambiguous Loss and Spirituality(p. 80)
• Ambiguous Gain Versus Ambiguous Loss(p. 80)
• Conclusion(p. 81)
• Summary(p. 81)
• Points to Remember(p. 81)
• Notes(p. 82)
• Discussion Questions(p. 82)
• Additional Readings(p. 82)
• 5 Boundary Ambiguity: A Perceptual Risk Factor in Family Stress Management(p. 85)
• Measurement of Boundary Ambiguity(p. 86)
• History of Boundary Ambiguity(p. 87)
• Sociological and Psychological Roots(p. 87)
• Family Therapy Roots(p. 88)
• Entries and Exits; Gains and Losses(p. 90)
• Normative Developmental Boundary Ambiguity Across the Family Life Cycle(p. 90)
• Exceptions and Nuances(p. 93)
• Effects of Boundary Ambiguity(p. 94)
• Assumptions About Boundary Ambiguity(p. 95)
• What Boundary Ambiguity Is Not(p. 96)
• Boundary Ambiguity Is Not Boundary Maintenance(p. 96)
• Boundary Ambiguity Is Not Boundary Permeability(p. 97)
• Intervention for Boundary Ambiguity(p. 97)
• New Studies and Future Directions(p. 98)
• Summary(p. 98)
• Points to Remember(p. 99)
• Discussion Questions(p. 99)
• Additional Readings(p. 100)
• 6 Family Coping, Adapting, and Managing(p. 102)
• Defining Individual and Family Coping(p. 103)
• Individual Coping(p. 103)
• Family Coping(p. 103)
• Current Trends in Coping Research(p. 105)
• Denial Coping(p. 106)
• Approach/Avoidance Coping(p. 107)
• Forbearance Coping(p. 107)
• Preparedness Coping(p. 108)
• Humor Coping(p. 108)
• Religious Coping(p. 108)
• Repressive Coping(p. 109)
• Coping Ugly(p. 109)
• Coping and the Contextual Model of Family Stress(p. 110)
• Family Coping Resources(p. 110)
• Individual Coping Resources(p. 110)
• Community Resources for Family Coping(p. 111)
• Intervention and Prevention(p. 111)
• Psychoeducation as Effective Family Stress Intervention(p. 112)
• How Did This Simple but Revolutionary Idea in Mental Health Treatment Come About?(p. 112)
• The First Step: Where to Begin?(p. 113)
• Complexities of the Coping Process(p. 114)
• The Paradox of Individual Versus Family Coping(p. 114)
• The Paradox of Functional Versus Dysfunctional Coping(p. 115)
• Dialectical Thinking: Definition and Early Roots(p. 116)
• The Chain Reaction of Coping or the Codetermination of Events(p. 117)
• Cautions About Coping(p. 118)
• Concluding Thoughts for Future Work(p. 119)
• Summary(p. 120)
• Points to Remember(p. 120)
• Discussion Questions(p. 121)
• Additional Readings(p. 121)
• 7 Resilience for Managing Stress(p. 123)
• The Difference Between Coping and Resilience(p. 124)
• Defining Resilience(p. 125)
• Resilience and Family Stress(p. 126)
• Individual, Family, and Community Resilience(p. 126)
• Ordinary Magic(p. 127)
• Resilience and the Contextual Model of Family Stress(p. 127)
• The Family's External Context(p. 128)
• The Family's Internal Context(p. 128)
• Revisiting the ABC-X Approach(p. 129)
• Adversity and Resilience(p. 129)
• Positive, Tolerable, and Toxic Stress(p. 130)
• Intensity of Adversity(p. 131)
• The Era of Resilience(p. 131)
• Resilience Theorizing and Research Over the Years(p. 132)
• Individual Resilience(p. 132)
• Family Resilience(p. 133)
• Family Science Conceptual Frameworks Focused on Resilience(p. 133)
• Life Course Theory(p. 133)
• Symbolic Interaction Theory(p. 134)
• Family Stress Theory(p. 134)
• An Example: Application to Military Families(p. 135)
• A Third-Wave Family Resilience Framework(p. 135)
• Resilience Frameworks Focused on Particular Situations(p. 136)
• Resilience-Informed Professional Practice(p. 137)
• Prevention and Resilience(p. 137)
• Use of Family Resilience Frameworks(p. 138)
• Cautions About Resilience(p. 140)
• Troublesome Theorizing(p. 140)
• The Cost of Resilience(p. 141)
• Rebellion and Opposing the Status Quo(p. 141)
• Conclusion(p. 142)
• Summary(p. 142)
• Points to Remember(p. 143)
• Discussion Questions(p. 143)
• Additional Readings(p. 143)
• 8 Families, Communities, and Neighborhoods(p. 145)
• Defining Community and Neighborhood(p. 146)
• Sense of Community(p. 146)
• Virtual Sense of Community(p. 147)
• Community and Neighborhood(p. 147)
• Communities and the Contextual Model of Family Stress(p. 148)
• Research Findings on Families and Communities(p. 149)
• Informal Connections and Relationships(p. 149)
• Formal System Programs for Families(p. 149)
• Neighborhood Risk(p. 150)
• Exposure to Violence(p. 150)
• Other Dimensions of Communities(p. 151)
• The Social Organization Framework(p. 151)
• Informal Networks(p. 153)
• The Physical Environment(p. 154)
• Community Capacity(p. 154)
• Results for Families(p. 155)
• The Value of Social Connections for Families(p. 155)
• Resilient Communities(p. 155)
• Four Types of Communities(p. 156)
• Fluid and Dynamic Communities(p. 157)
• Social Cohesion(p. 157)
• Communities as Place and Force for Prevention and Intervention With Distressed Families(p. 157)
• Communities as Place(p. 158)
• Communities as Force(p. 158)
• Community Family Therapy(p. 159)
• Conclusion(p. 160)
• Summary(p. 161)
• Points to Remember(p. 162)
• Note(p. 162)
• Discussion Questions(p. 162)
• Additional Readings(p. 163)
• 9 Future Challenges to Family Stress Management(p. 164)
• Health Disparities(p. 164)
• Climate Change(p. 164)
• Widening Economic Gulf Between Low and High Income Families(p. 165)
• Increasing Work Pressures and Economic Conditions(p. 165)
• Terrorism(p. 165)
• Conflict Driven by Religious Differences(p. 166)
• Family Caregiving Challenges and Dilemmas(p. 166)
• Transgender Trends and Challenges(p. 167)
• Increasing Focus on Community(p. 168)
• Violence in Communities(p. 168)
• Families on New Shores(p. 169)
• Additional Factors to Consider About the Study of Family Stress(p. 169)
• Conclusion(p. 172)
• Summary(p. 172)
• Points to Remember(p. 173)
• Discussion Questions(p. 173)
• Additional Readings(p. 173)
• References(p. 175)
• Index(p. 199)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Pauline Boss, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus, University of Minnesota; a Fellow in the National Council on Family Relations (NCFR), the American Psychological Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. She was visiting professor at Harvard Medical School (1994-95) and the Moses Professor at Hunter School of Social Work (2004-2005). She is former president of NCFR and a family therapist in private practice. In 1988, Dr. Boss wrote the first edition of Family Stress Management with a subsequent edition in 2002. For the third edition, she invited Chalandra Bryant and Jay Mancini to be her co-authors. Each edition has considerably advanced the Contextual Model of Family Stress. With groundbreaking work as scientist-practitioner, Dr. Boss is the principal theorist in the study of family stress from ambiguous loss, a term she coined. Since then, she has researched various types of ambiguous loss, summarizing her work in the widely acclaimed book, Ambiguous Loss: Learning to Live with Unresolved Grief (Harvard University Press, 1999). In addition, Loss, Trauma, and Resilience (Norton, 2006), presents six therapeutic guidelines for treatment when loss is complicated by ambiguity. These guidelines are based on her years of work with families of the physically missing during the Vietnam War, after 9/11, and in Kosovo, as well as in clinical work as a family therapist. For families, Dr. Boss wrote the book, Loving Someone Who Has Dementia (Jossey-Bass, 2011), which outlines strategies for managing the ongoing stress and grief while caring for someone who is both here and not here, physically present but psychologically absent. For more information, see her website, www.ambiguousloss.com. Chalandra M. Bryant is currently a professor of Human Development and Family Science at the University of Georgia (UGA) where she teaches courses in family development, intimate relationships, and family theories. Before moving to Georgia, she served as a faculty member at Iowa State University (1998-2003) and the Pennsylvania State University (2003-2010). Her research focuses on close relationships and the ability to sustain close intimate ties. She is particularly interested in the manner in which social, familial, economic, and psychosocial factors are linked to marital and health outcomes. After earning her PhD at the University of Texas, she completed a two-year National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) post-doctoral fellowship. She serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Family Theory and Review. The International Association for Relationship Research presented her with the New Contributions Award (honoring significant contributions to personal relationships research) in 2002. In 2004 she received the National Council on Family Relation''s Reuben Hill Research and Theory Award (presented for an outstanding research article in a family journal). In 2005 she received the Outstanding Young Professional Award from the Texas Exes Alumni Association of the University of Texas. In 2015 she was recognized as a Faculty Member Who Contributed Greatly to Career Development of UGA Students. Her favorite hobby is hiking. Her nature photographs have been published in a hiking guide. Jay A. Mancini is the Haltiwanger Distinguished Professor of Human Development and Family Science at the University of Georgia and Emeritus Professor of Human Development at Virginia Tech. Mancini was the 2013 Ambiguous Loss Visiting Scholar at the University of Minnesota. He received his doctoral degree in child development and family relations from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Mancini is a Fellow of the National Council on Family Relations (NCFR). His theorizing and research focuses on the intersections of vulnerability and resilience, and over his career, his research projects have focused on families and time-use, family gerontology, psychological well-being in adulthood, sustainability of community-based programs for at-risk families, community context effects on families, and quality of life among military families.