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This book takes a procedural approach to human rights guarantees in international criminal proceedings and covers both the systems of the ad hoc Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. It analyses the rights conferred on individuals involved in international criminal trials from the commencement of investigations to the sentencing stage, as well as the procedural rights of victims and witnesses. The study focuses on problems which have emerged in three main areas: (i) length of proceedings; (ii) absence of specific sanctions and other remedies for violation of procedural rules; (iii) the need to strengthen the protection of the accused from undue interference with his rights (likely to be caused by a variety of factors, such as conflicting governmental interests, the presence of malicious witnesses, or inadequate legal assistance). Three general suggestions are made to reduce the impact of these weaknesses. First, it could be helpful to adopt specific sanctions for violation of procedural rules (such as, the exclusion of evidence as a remedy for violations of rules on discovery). Secondly, (as has already been provided for in the ICC Statute,) the Prosecutor of the ad hoc Tribunals should play a proactive role in the search for the truth by, among other things, gathering evidence that might exonerate the accused. Thirdly, the right of compensation for unlawful arrest (or detention) and unjust conviction, provided for in the ICC Statute, should be extended to other serious violations of fundamental rights and, in addition, should be laid down in the Statutes of the ICTY and ICTR.

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• 1 Introduction
• A Human Rights Approach to International Criminal Justice
• The Extension of the Notion of Fair Trial to International Criminal Proceedings
• What Type of Relationship Exists Between Human Rights Monitoring Systems and International Criminal Courts?
• Accusatorial and Inquisitorial Models in International Criminal Procedure - to What Extent do They Impinge Upon the Rights Of Individuals?
• 2 The Rights Of Persons During Investigations
• The Initiation Of Investigations And The Powers Of The Investigative Authority
• The Rights Of Suspects In International Criminal Proceedings
• 3 The Rights Of The Accused In Trial Proceedings
• The Presumption Of Innocence
• The Right To Be Judged By An Independent And Impartial Tribunal
• The Right To A Fair And Expeditious Trial
• Rules Of Evidence And Rights Of The Accused - Some Problematical Issues
• 4 the Right Of The Accused To Appeal And Revision
• General - The Rights Of Appeal And Revision As A Means For Obtaining Redress (Judicial And Non-Judicial Remedies
• THE Right Of The Accused To Appeal: From Nuremberg And Tokyo To The Ad Hoc Tribunals And The Icc
• The Right Of Convicted Persons To Review

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