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Parasitology: An Integrated Approach , provides a concise, student-friendly account of parasites and parasite relationships that is supported by case studies and suggestions for student projects. The book focuses strongly on parasite interactions with other pathogens and in particular parasite-HIV interactions, as well as looking at how host behaviour contributes to the spread of infections. There is a consideration of the positive aspects of parasite infections, how humans have used parasites for their own advantage and also how parasite infections affect the welfare of captive and domestic animals. The emphasis of Parasitology is on recent research throughout and each chapter ends with a brief discussion of future developments. This text is not simply an updated version of typical parastitology books but takes an integrated approach and explains how the study of parasites requires an understanding of a wide range of other topics from molecular biology and immunology to the interactions of parasites with both their hosts and other pathogens.

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• Preface xiii
• 1 Animal associations(p. 1)
• 1.1 Introduction(p. 1)
• 1.2 Animal associations(p. 1)
• 1.2.1 Symbiosis(p. 2)
• 1.2.2 Commensalism(p. 5)
• 1.2.3 Phoresis(p. 5)
• 1.2.4 Mutualism(p. 6)
• 1.2.5 Parasitism(p. 7)
• 1.2.6 Intra-specific parasites(p. 8)
• 1.2.7 Parasitoids(p. 9)
• 1.2.8 The concept of harm(p. 10)
• 1.3 Parasite hosts(p. 11)
• 1.3.1 Protozoa and helminths as hosts(p. 11)
• 1.3.2 Classes of hosts for parasites(p. 12)
• 1.4 The co-evolution of parasites and their hosts(p. 13)
• 1.4.1 Evolutionary relationships between host and parasite(p. 14)
• 1.4.2 Parasites and the evolution of sexual reproduction(p. 15)
• 1.5 Parasitism as a 'lifestyle': advantages and limitations(p. 16)
• 1.5.1 Main advantages of a parasitic lifestyle(p. 17)
• 1.5.2 Main limitations of a parasitic life style(p. 17)
• 1.6 The economic cost of parasitic diseases(p. 18)
• 1.6.1 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of humans(p. 18)
• 1.6.2 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of domestic animals(p. 19)
• 1.6.3 Estimating the costs of morbidity due to disease(p. 19)
• 1.6.4 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of wildlife(p. 20)
• 1.7 Why parasitic diseases remain a problem(p. 21)
• 1.8 Taxonomy(p. 24)
• 1.8.1 The binomen system 25 Questions(p. 27)
• 2 Parasitic protozoa, fungi and plants(p. 28)
• 2.1 Introduction(p. 28)
• 2.2 Parasitic protozoa(p. 28)
• 2.2.1 Kingdom Protista(p. 28)
• 2.3 Phylum Rhizopoda(p. 29)
• 2.3.1 Genus Entamoeba(p. 29)
• 2.3.2 Other species of pathogenic amoebae(p. 33)
• 2.4 Phylum Metamonada(p. 34)
• 2.4.1 Order Diplomonadida(p. 34)
• 2.4.2 Order Trichomonadida(p. 37)
• 2.5 Phylum Apicomplexa(p. 40)
• 2.5.1 Genus Plasmodium(p. 42)
• 2.5.2 Plasmodium life cycle(p. 43)
• 2.5.3 Genus Theileria(p. 45)
• 2.5.4 Genus Babesia(p. 46)
• 2.6 Subclass Coccidiasina(p. 50)
• 2.6.1 Suborder Eimeriorina(p. 50)
• 2.6.2 Isospora group(p. 51)
• 2.6.3 Genus Cyclospora(p. 52)
• 2.6.4 Family Sarcocystidae(p. 53)
• 2.6.5 Genus Toxoplasma(p. 54)
• 2.6.6 Genus Neospora(p. 58)
• 2.6.7 Family Cryptosporidiidae(p. 60)
• 2.7 Phylum Kinetoplastida(p. 62)
• 2.7.1 Genus Leishmania(p. 63)
• 2.7.2 Leishmania life cycle(p. 66)
• 2.7.3 Genus Trypanosoma(p. 70)
• 2.8 Phylum Chlorophyta(p. 81)
• 2.8.1 Genus Prototheca(p. 82)
• 2.9 Kingdom fungi(p. 83)
• 2.9.1 Microsporidia(p. 83)
• 2.10 Kingdom plantae 85 Questions(p. 85)
• 3 Helminth parasites(p. 86)
• 3.1 Introduction: invertebrate taxonomy(p. 86)
• 3.2 Phylum Platyhelminthes(p. 87)
• 3.3 Class Trematoda(p. 87)
• 3.3.1 Family Fasciolidae(p. 89)
• 3.3.2 Family Cathaemasiidae: Genus Ribeiroia(p. 93)
• 3.3.3 Family Dicrocoeliidae(p. 95)
• 3.3.4 Family Opisthorchiformes(p. 96)
• 3.3.5 Family Paragonomidae(p. 98)
• 3.3.6 Family Schistosomatidae(p. 99)
• 3.4 Class Cestoda(p. 103)
• 3.4.1 Order Pseudophyllidea/Diphyllobothriidea(p. 103)
• 3.4.2 Order Cyclophyllidea(p. 104)
• 3.4.3 Family Taeniidae(p. 105)
• 3.4.4 Family Anoplocephalidae(p. 110)
• 3.5 Phylum Acanthocephala(p. 112)
• 3.6 Phylum Nematoda (Nemata)(p. 114)
• 3.6.1 Class Enoplea(p. 117)
• 3.6.2 Class Rhabdita(p. 121)
• 3.6.3 Family Onchocercidae(p. 129)
• 3.6.4 Family Dracunculidae 132 Questions(p. 135)
• 4 Arthropod parasites(p. 137)
• 4.1 Introduction(p. 137)
• 4.2 Phylum Chelicerata(p. 138)
• 4.2.1 Family Demodicidae(p. 139)
• 4.2.2 Family Sarcoptidae(p. 140)
• 4.2.3 Family Psoroptidae(p. 143)
• 4.2.4 Suborder Ixodida(p. 144)
• 4.2.5 Family Argasidae(p. 145)
• 4.2.6 Family Ixodidae(p. 146)
• 4.2.7 Tick paralysis(p. 147)
• 4.3 Phylum Crustacea(p. 148)
• 4.3.1 Subclass Copepoda(p. 148)
• 4.3.2 Infra-Class Cirripedia(p. 150)
• 4.3.3 Subclass Branchiura(p. 150)
• 4.3.4 Subclass Pentastomida - tongue worms(p. 151)
• 4.4 Sub-phylum Hexapoda(p. 153)
• 4.4.1 Order Phthiraptera (lice)(p. 155)
• 4.4.2 Order Siphonaptera (fleas)(p. 159)
• 4.4.3 Order Diptera (true flies)(p. 162)
• 4.4.4 Suborder Nematocera(p. 162)
• 4.4.5 Suborder Brachycera(p. 163)
• 4.4.6 Family Calliphoridae(p. 166)
• 4.4.7 Genus Chrysomya(p. 168)
• 4.4.8 Genus Cochliomyia(p. 168)
• 4.4.9 Genus Auchmeromyia(p. 169)
• 4.4.10 Genus Cordylobia(p. 170)
• 4.4.11 Family Sarcophagidae(p. 170)
• 4.4.12 Family Oestridae(p. 171)
• 4.4.13 Subfamily Gasterophilinae(p. 173)
• 4.4.14 Subfamily Hypodermatinae(p. 174)
• 4.4.15 Subfamily Cuterebrinae(p. 176)
• 4.4.16 Family Streblidae(p. 177)
• 4.4.17 Family Nycteribiidae 178 Questions(p. 178)
• 5 Parasite transmission(p. 180)
• 5.1 Introduction(p. 180)
• 5.2 Contaminative transmission(p. 181)
• 5.3 Transmission associated with reproduction(p. 184)
• 5.3.1 Sexual transmission(p. 184)
• 5.3.2 Transmission within the gametes(p. 187)
• 5.3.3 Congenital transmission(p. 188)
• 5.4 Autoinfection(p. 189)
• 5.5 Nosocomial transmission(p. 190)
• 5.6 Active parasite transmission(p. 191)
• 5.7 Hosts and vectors(p. 192)
• 5.7.1 Paratenic hosts(p. 192)
• 5.7.2 Intermediate hosts(p. 193)
• 5.7.3 Vectors(p. 194)
• 5.8 Host factors(p. 196)
• 5.8.1 Host identification(p. 196)
• 5.8.2 The influence of host behaviour on parasite transmission(p. 197)
• 5.9 Co-transmission and interactions between infectious agents(p. 199)
• 5.10 How religion can influence parasite transmission(p. 202)
• 5.11 The influence of war on parasite transmission(p. 204)
• 5.12 The influence of parasites on host behaviour(p. 205)
• 5.13 Environmental factors(p. 207)
• 5.13.1 Natural environmental variables(p. 207)
• 5.13.2 Pollution(p. 207)
• 5.13.3 Global warming 209 Questions(p. 211)
• 6 Immune reactions to parasitic infections(p. 212)
• 6.1 Introduction(p. 212)
• 6.2 Invertebrate immunity(p. 213)
• 6.3 Vertebrate immunity(p. 215)
• 6.3.1 Innate immunity(p. 215)
• 6.3.2 Adaptive immunity(p. 218)
• 6.3.3 Cell-mediated immunity(p. 220)
• 6.4 Innate immunity to parasitic infection(p. 221)
• 6.4.1 Physical factors(p. 221)
• 6.4.2 Chemical and microbial factors(p. 222)
• 6.4.3 The acute inflammatory response(p. 223)
• 6.4.4 Cell-mediated immunity(p. 225)
• 6.5 Adaptive immunity(p. 226)
• 6.5.1 Avoiding the host immune response(p. 227)
• 6.5.2 Depression of the immune system(p. 232)
• 6.6 Immunity to malaria(p. 233)
• 6.7 Schistosoma mansoni and Hepatitis C virus interactions(p. 237)
• 6.8 HIV-AIDS and parasitic disease(p. 238)
• 6.8.1 Parasites and the transmission of HIV(p. 239)
• 6.8.2 Parasite-HIV co-infections(p. 240)
• 6.8.3 Leishmania-HIV co-infections(p. 240)
• 6.8.4 Malaria-HIV co-infections(p. 242)
• 6.8.5 Toxoplasma-HIV co-infections(p. 243)
• 6.8.6 Microsporidia-HIV co-infections 243 Questions(p. 243)
• 7 Pathology(p. 245)
• 7.1 Introduction(p. 245)
• 7.2 Factors that influence pathogenesis(p. 245)
• 7.2.1 Host factors that influence pathogenesis(p. 245)
• 7.2.2 Parasite factors that influence pathogenesis(p. 246)
• 7.3 Mechanisms by which parasites induce pathology(p. 247)
• 7.3.1 Direct damage(p. 248)
• 7.3.2 Indirect damage(p. 249)
• 7.4 Types of pathology(p. 250)
• 7.4.1 Abortion and obstetric pathology(p. 250)
• 7.4.2 Anaemia(p. 251)
• 7.4.3 Anorexia(p. 253)
• 7.4.4 Apoptosis(p. 253)
• 7.4.5 Calcification(p. 254)
• 7.4.6 Cancer(p. 255)
• 7.4.7 Castration(p. 257)
• 7.4.8 Delusional parasitosis(p. 258)
• 7.4.9 Diarrhoea(p. 258)
• 7.4.10 Elephantiasis(p. 260)
• 7.4.11 Fever(p. 261)
• 7.4.12 Granulation and fibrosis(p. 262)
• 7.4.13 Hyperplasia(p. 264)
• 7.4.14 Hypertrophy(p. 265)
• 7.4.15 Inflammation and ulceration(p. 265)
• 7.4.16 Jaundice(p. 267)
• 7.4.17 Metaplasia(p. 267)
• 7.4.18 Pressure atrophy(p. 267)
• 7.4.19 Psychological disturbance(p. 268)
• 7.5 Damage to specific organs(p. 269)
• 7.5.1 The bladder(p. 269)
• 7.5.2 The brain(p. 270)
• 7.5.3 The digestive system(p. 273)
• 7.5.4 The genitalia(p. 276)
• 7.5.5 The kidney(p. 277)
• 7.5.6 The liver(p. 279)
• 7.5.7 The lungs(p. 281)
• 7.5.8 The skin(p. 284)
• 7.5.9 The spleen(p. 288)
• 7.6 Co-infections and pathogenesis 289 Questions(p. 290)
• 8 The useful parasite(p. 292)
• 8.1 Introduction: the goodness of parasites?(p. 292)
• 8.2 The importance of parasites for the maintenance of a healthy immune system(p. 293)
• 8.2.1 The hygiene hypothesis(p. 293)
• 8.2.2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus(p. 294)
• 8.2.3 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)(p. 296)
• 8.2.4 Inflammatory bowel disease(p. 297)
• 8.3 The use of parasites to treat medical conditions(p. 297)
• 8.3.1 Helminth therapy(p. 298)
• 8.3.2 Larval therapy(p. 302)
• 8.3.3 Leech therapy(p. 304)
• 8.3.4 Malaria therapy (malariotherapy)(p. 305)
• 8.4 Parasites as sources of novel pharmaceutically-active compounds(p. 308)
• 8.5 Parasites as biological control agents(p. 309)
• 8.5.1 Life cycle of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema(p. 310)
• 8.6 Parasites as forensic indicators 312 Questions(p. 314)
• 9 Identification of protozoan and helminth parasites(p. 316)
• 9.1 Introduction(p. 316)
• 9.2 The importance of correct identification(p. 316)
• 9.3 Properties of an ideal diagnostic test(p. 318)
• 9.4 Isolation of parasites(p. 320)
• 9.5 Identification from gross morphology(p. 323)
• 9.5.1 Morphological identification of Entamoeba(p. 325)
• 9.5.2 Morphological identification of Plasmodium and Babesia(p. 326)
• 9.5.3 Morphological identification of Taenia tapeworms(p. 327)
• 9.5.4 Morphological identification of filarial nematode infections(p. 327)
• 9.6 Biochemical techniques(p. 329)
• 9.7 Immunological techniques(p. 329)
• 9.8 Molecular techniques(p. 331)
• 9.9 Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)(p. 334)
• 9.9.1 Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria(p. 335)
• 9.9.2 Rapid diagnostic test for filariasis(p. 337)
• 9.10 MALDI-TOF MS 337 Questions(p. 338)
• 10 Parasite treatment and control(p. 339)
• 10.1 Introduction(p. 339)
• 10.2 Importance of understanding parasite life cycles for effective treatment and control(p. 339)
• 10.3 Treatment of parasitic diseases(p. 341)
• 10.3.1 The ideal antiparasitic drug(p. 341)
• 10.3.2 Pharmaceutical drugs(p. 345)
• 10.3.3 DNA/RNA technology(p. 347)
• 10.3.4 Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins)(p. 349)
• 10.3.5 Nanotechnology(p. 350)
• 10.3.6 Quantum dots(p. 352)
• 10.3.7 Natural remedies(p. 353)
• 10.3.8 Homeopathy(p. 355)
• 10.4 Vaccines against parasitic diseases(p. 356)
• 10.4.1 Attenuated vaccines(p. 358)
• 10.4.2 Killed vaccines(p. 359)
• 10.4.3 Recombinant vaccines(p. 359)
• 10.4.4 Toxoid vaccines(p. 360)
• 10.4.5 DNA vaccines(p. 361)
• 10.4.6 Vaccine administration(p. 362)
• 10.5 Control of parasitic diseases(p. 362)
• 10.5.1 Eradication, elimination and control of parasitic diseases(p. 362)
• 10.5.2 Education(p. 364)
• 10.5.3 Environmental modification and cultural control(p. 365)
• 10.5.4 Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS technology(p. 368)
• 10.5.5 Treating the individual or the population(p. 369)
• 10.5.6 Piggy-backing control programmes(p. 370)
• 10.5.7 Disruptions to control programmes(p. 371)
• 10.5.8 Role of governments, foundations, and aid organisations(p. 371)
• Questions(p. 373)
• References(p. 375)
• Index(p. 431)

Reseñas proporcionadas por Syndetics

CHOICE Review

Recent advances in the Human Microbiome Project highlight the fact that each human host represents an active, living, and dynamic ecosystem where microbial inhabitants outnumber the human body's own cells by about ten to one. Parasitic protists, flukes, tapeworms, roundworms, mites, ticks, and insects are part of the same evolutionary drama. Therefore, the modern study of parasites should draw attention to a wide range of biological concepts as well as various "social, religious, and cultural factors." Gunn (Liverpool John Moores Univ., UK) and Pitt (Univ. of Brighton, UK) attempt to integrate traditional parasitology with recent advances to reflect such a complex interplay. Ten chapters cover major taxonomic groups of animal parasites, identification tools, host immune response and factors that influence pathogenesis, and the use of parasites to treat medical conditions. The last chapter focuses on advances in the treatment of parasites and the role of governments, foundations, and aid organizations in controlling parasitic diseases. End-of-chapter review questions will help students master chapter contents. The extensive list of references will be useful for readers seeking more detailed information on various topics. There are black-and-white illustrations throughout the text and 32 colored plates in the middle. Suitable as an undergraduate text in parasitology courses. Summing Up: Recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates. S. M. Paracer Worcester State College

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Dr Alan Gunn , Senior Lecturer; Programme Leader: Biology and Zoology; School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University.

Dr Sarah Jane Pitt , Sussex Pathology Network Training Facilitator, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK; Also based at: Department of Pathology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.