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This collection of essays on the pidginization and creolization of language is taken from a conference held at The University of the West Indies in April 1968. Its editor, Dell Hymes, was an incredibly influential sociolinguist and anthropologist in his lifetime, president of the Linguistic Society of America (1982), the American Anthropological Association (1983) and the American Folklore Society. He was a pioneer of the sociolinguist movement, striving to find ways to connect language and speech to human relations and anthropological study. Within this collection of essays, the reader will find varied studies of pidgin and creole languages by academics considered leaders in their field, particularly at this time. The topics of these essays range from those exploring the employment of pidgin languages in specific territories, such as Vietnam, the West Indies and the US, to those essays looking at the formation and hybridization of pidgin and creole languages generally.

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• Part I Preface and Introduction: Preface
• Introduction: the study of pidgin and creole languages
• Part II A Pidgin (and Two Creoles): Introduction
• 1 TÃóy Bá"ôi: notes on the pidgin French spoken in Vietnam
• 2 The Katanga (Lubumbashi) Swahili creole
• 3 The language situation in Haiti
• Part III General Conceptions of Process: Introduction
• 4 Linguistic hybridization and the 'special case' of pidgins and creoles
• 5 Salient and substantive pidginization
• 6 Absence of copula and the notion of simplicity: a study of normal speech, baby talk, foreigner talk, and pidgins
• 7 Convergence and creolization: a case from the Indo-Aryan/Dravidian border
• 8 Acculturation and the cultural matrix of creolization
• 9 Hypotheses as to the origin and modification of pidgins
• 10 A note on reduction and expansion in grammar
• 11 Language contact and the problem of convergent generative systems: Chinook jargon
• 12 The question of creolization in Puerto Rican Spanish
• Part IV Problems of Historical Reconstruction: Introduction
• 13 Tracing the pidgin element in Jamaican creole (with notes on the nature of pidgin vocabularies)
• 14 Lexical origins and semantic structure in Philippine creole Spanish
• 15 The strange case of Mbugu (Tanzania)
• 16 Detecting prior creolization: an analysis of the historical origins of Marathi
• 17 A report on Chinook jargon
• 18 Problems in the study of Hawaiian English
• 19 Kongo words in Saramaxx
• 20 Tone and intonation in Sierra Leone
• 21 A provisional comparison of the English-derived Atlantic creoles
• 22 Grammatical and lexical affinities of creoles
• Part V Variation and Use: A Range of English-Linked Cases: Introduction
• 23 Varieties of creole in Suriname: church creole and pagan cult languages
• 24 Prestige in choice of language and linguistic form
• 25 The art of reading creole poetry
• 26 Coexistent systems in language variation: the case of Hawaiian English
• 27 Jamaican creole: can dialect boundaries be defined?
• 28 Toward a generative analysis of a post-creole speech continuum
• 28 Education and creole English in the West Indies: some sociolinguistic factors
• 29 The creolist and the study of Negro non-standard dialects in the continental United States
• 30 Cultural and linguistic ambiguity: some observations on the role of English-based creole in and Antiguan village
• 31 The English language in Hawaii
• 32 A report on neo-Melanesian
• Part VI Disciplinary Perspectives: Introduction
• 33 Some social forces and some social functions of pidgin and creole languages
• 34 The notion of 'system' in creole languages
• 35 Language history and creole studies
• 36 The socio-historical background to pidginization and creolization
• Part VII Appendices
• Index