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High-Yield(tm) Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Edition provides the essential information needed for USMLE Step 1 review and course study. It covers current cell and molecular biology techniques and principles with a clinical focus--what a physician needs to know to understand, diagnose, and treat human disease. Molecular biology is often taught within various courses such as biochemistry, microbiology, and histology; thus, a consolidated review book in molecular biology is especially helpful in preparing for the USMLE Step 1.



This edition has been streamlined to remove content covered in other High-Yield(tm) books such as histopathology and microbiology. Images have been placed closer to the appropriate text. New figures include DNA melting curve and flow cytometry.

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• Contents(p. ix)
• Preface(p. vii)
• Abbreviations(p. xiii)
• Chromosomal DNA
• I The Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids(p. 1)
• II Levels of DNA Packaging(p. 2)
• III Centromere(p. 4)
• IV Heterochromatin(p. 4)
• V Euchromatin(p. 4)
• VI Studying Human Chromosomes(p. 4)
• VII Staining of Chromosomes(p. 5)
• VIII Chromosome Morphology(p. 6)
• IX DNA Melting Curve(p. 7)
• 1 Chromosome Replication
• I General Features(p. 9)
• II The Chromosome Replication Process(p. 9)
• III DNA Topoisomerases(p. 11)
• IV The Telomere(p. 12)
• V DNA Damage(p. 12)
• VI DNA Repair(p. 13)
• VII Clinical Considerations(p. 14)
• VIII Summary of Chromosome Replication Machinery(p. 16)
• 9 Meiosis and Genetic Recombination
• I Meiosis(p. 17)
• II Genetic Recombination(p. 19)
• 17 The Human Nuclear Genome
• I General Features(p. 22)
• II Protein-Coding Genes(p. 23)
• III RNA-Coding Genes(p. 24)
• IV Epigenetic Control(p. 25)
• V Noncoding DNA(p. 25)
• 22 The Human Mitochondrial Genome
• I General Features(p. 29)
• II The 13 Protein-Coding Genes(p. 29)
• III The 24 RNA-Coding Genes(p. 29)
• IV Other Mitochondrial Proteins(p. 31)
• V Mitochondrial Diseases(p. 31)
• 29 Protein Synthesis
• I General Features(p. 33)
• II Transcription(p. 33)
• III Processing the RNA Transcript into mRNA(p. 34)
• IV Translation(p. 35)
• V Clinical Considerations(p. 37)
• 33 Control of Gene Expression
• I General Features(p. 39)
• II Mechanism of Gene Expression(p. 39)
• III The Structure of DNA-Binding Proteins(p. 41)
• IV Other Mechanisms of Gene Expression(p. 44)
• V The
• VI The(p. 39)
• Lac Operon(p. 46)
• trp Operon(p. 47)
• Mutations of the DNA Sequence
• I General Features(p. 49)
• II Silent (Synonymous) Mutations(p. 49)
• III Non-Silent (Nonsynonymous) Mutations(p. 50)
• IV Loss of Function and Gain of Function Mutations(p. 55)
• V Other Types of Polymorphisms(p. 56)
• 49 Proto-Oncogenes, Oncogenes, and Tumor-Suppressor Genes
• I Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes(p. 58)
• II Tumor-Suppressor Genes(p. 60)
• III Hereditary Cancer Syndromes(p. 62)
• 58 The Cell Cycle
• I Mitosis(p. 66)
• II Control of the Cell Cycle(p. 68)
• 66 Molecular Biology of Cancer
• I The Development of Cancer (Oncogenesis)(p. 71)
• II The Progression of Cancer(p. 72)
• III Signal Transduction Pathways(p. 73)
• 71 Cell Biology of the Immune System
• I Neutrophils (Polys, Segs, or PMNs)(p. 77)
• II Eosinophils(p. 78)
• III Basophils(p. 78)
• IV Mast Cells(p. 78)
• V Monocytes(p. 79)
• VI Macrophages (Histiocytes; Antigen-Presenting Cells)(p. 80)
• VII Natural Killer CD(p. 16)
• VIII B Lymphocyte(p. 81)
• IX T Lymphocyte(p. 83)
• X Immune Response to Exogenous Protein Antigens(p. 85)
• XI Immune Response to Endogenous Antigens (Intracellular Virus or Bacteria)(p. 86)
• XII Cytokines(p. 87)
• 77 Cell(p. 81)
• Molecular Biology of the Immune System
• I Clonal Selection Theory(p. 89)
• II The B Lymphocyte (B Cell)(p. 89)
• III The T Lymphocyte (T Cell)(p. 93)
• IV Clinical Considerations(p. 95)
• V Disorders of Phagocytic Function(p. 96)
• VI Systemic Autoimmune Disorders(p. 97)
• VII Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disorders(p. 97)
• 89 Molecular Biology Techniques
• I Action of Restriction Enzymes(p. 101)
• II Electrophoresis(p. 103)
• III The Enzymatic Method of DNA Sequencing(p. 105)
• IV Southern Blotting and Prenatal Testing for Sickle Cell Anemia(p. 107)
• V Isolating a Human Gene by DNA Cloning(p. 109)
• VI Construction of cDNA Library(p. 111)
• VII Polymerase Chain Reaction(p. 113)
• VIII Producing a Protein from a Cloned Gene(p. 115)
• IX Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Knockout Animals(p. 117)
• X Northern Blot (mRNA)(p. 119)
• XI Western Blot (Protein)(p. 121)
• XII Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Structure(p. 123)
• XIII Ligase Chain Reaction (LCR)(p. 125)
• XIV Flow Cytometry(p. 127)
• 100 Identification of Human Disease Genes
• I General Features(p. 129)
• II Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through a Chromosome Abnormality(p. 129)
• III Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Pure Transcript Mapping(p. 130)
• IV Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Large Scale DNA Sequencing(p. 131)
• V Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Comparison of Human and Mouse Maps(p. 132)
• 129 Gene Therapy
• I Gene Therapy(p. 133)
• II Ex Vivo and In Vivo Gene Therapy(p. 134)
• III Integration into Host Cell Chromosomes or as Episomes(p. 134)
• IV Viral Vectors Used in Gene Therapy(p. 134)
• V Nonviral Vectors Used in Gene Therapy(p. 135)
• Appendix 1 The Genetic Code(p. 137)
• Appendix 2 Amino Acids(p. 138)
• Appendix 3 Chromosomal Locations of Human Genetic Diseases(p. 139)
• Figure Credits(p. 145)
• Index(p. 147)