Landscape planning : environmental applications. / William M. Marsh. txt
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2010Edición: 5th edDescripción: xii, 511 p. ill. ; maps ; 28 cmTipo de contenido:- text
- unmediaded
- volume
- 0471525065 (pbk.)
- 9780470570814
- 712 20
- HD108.6 M37 2010
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Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:
This text focuses on environmental problems associated with land planning, landscape design and land use. It is designed for the science student interested in understanding how the environment relates to planning problems as well as being a valuable reference for the professional in planning and design.
Include index
Includes bibliographical references.
CONTENTS :
Preface vii --
An Introduction to the Book, the Field, and Some Perspectives 1 --
Opening Statement 2 --
Background Content 2 --
Content and Organization 3 --
Landscape Planning, Environmentalism, and Environmental Planning 4 --
The Spatial Context: Sides and Regions 5--
Finding the Appropriate Scale 5--
The Sustainable Systems Dilemma 7 --
Case Study: Building Sustainable Communities on Sustainable Landscape Systems 9 --
Selected References for Further Reading 10 --
Chapter 1 --
Landscape Planning: Roots, Problems, and Contents 13 --
Introduction: Roots 14 --
The Problem: Change and Impact 17 --
The Purpose of Planning 19 --
Planning Realms: Decision Making, Technical, and Design 19 --
Environmental Impact Assessment 20 --
Areas of Activity in Landscape Planning 22 --
Methods and Techniques 27 --
Environmental Ordinances (Bylaws) 28 --
The Planning Professions and Participating fields 29 --
Case Study: Adapting the EIS to Issues of Natural Gas Drilling in New York State 31 --
Selected References for Further Reading 34 --
Chapter 2 --
The Physiographic Framework of the United States and Canada 35 --
Introduction 36 --
The Physiographic Framework 36 --
The Canadian Shield 39 --
The Appalachian Region 42 --
The Interior Highlands 46 --
The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain 47 --
The Interior Plains 51 --
The Rocky Mountain Region 55 --
The Intermontane Region 57 --
The Pacific Mountain Region 60 --
The Yukon and Coastal Artic Region 63 --
Selected References for Further Reading 64 --
Chapter 3 --
Landscape Form and Function in Planning and Design 67 --
Introduction 68 --
Essential Systems and Processes of the Landscape 68 --
The Nature of Landscape Change 70 --
The Concept of Conditional Stability 72 --
Perspectives on Site as Landscape 73 --
Dimensions of the Site as Dynamic Space 74 --
Sources of Environmental Data for Site Planning 77 --
Theoretical Perspectives on Landscape 79 --
Case Study: Dams, Sustaining Streamflow, and Landscape Equilibria: An Illustration from Fossil Creek, Arizona 85 --
Selected References for Further Reading 89 --
Chapter 4 --
Topography, Slopes, and Land Use Planning 91--
Introduction 92 --
The Nature of Slope Problems 92 --
Building Slope Maps for Land Use Planning 94 --
Interpreting Slope Steepness and Form 97 --
Assessing Slopes for Stability 100 --
Applications to Community Planning 104 --
Why Slope Maps May Not Work in Some Areas 106 --
Case Study: Slope as a Growth-Control Tool in Community Planning 108 --
Selected References for Further Reading 109 --
Chapter 5 --
Assessing Soil for Land Use Planning and Waste Disposal 111 --
Introduction 112 --
Soil Composition 112 --
Soil Texture 113 --
Soil Moisture and Drainage 114 --
Soil, Landforms, and Topography 116 --
Applications to Land Planning 120 --
Planning Considerations in Solid Waste Disposal 122 –
Hazardous Waste Regulation and Disposal 126 --
Case Study: Mapping Soil at the Site Scale for Private Development 127 --
Selected References for Further Reading 129 --
Chapter 6 --
Sites, Soils, and Wastewater Disposal Systems 131 --
Introduction 132 --
The Soil-Absorption System 132 --
Environmental Impact and System Design 135 --
Mapping Soil Suitability for On-Site Disposal 136 --
Alternatives to Standard SAS 139 --
Small-Flow Wetland Systems 142 --
Case Study: Land Use Implications of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Lessons from the Great Lakes Region 143 --
Selected References for Further Reading 146 --
Chapter 7 --
Groundwater Systems, Land Use Planning, and Aquifer Protection 147 --
Introduction 148 --
Groundwater Sources and Features 148 --
Groundwater as a Flow System 151 --
Groundwater Withdrawal and Aquifer Impact 155 --
Sources of Groundwater Contamination 157 --
Applications to Landscape Planning and Design 158 --
Community Wellhead Protection 162 --
Case Study: GIS and the Management of Groundwater Contamination 163 --
Selected References for Further Reading 165 --
Chapter 8 --
Runoff and Stormwater Management in a Changing Landscape 167 --
Introduction 168 --
Runoff as Overland Flow 168 --
Computing Runoff from a Small Watershed 170 --
Using the Rational Method 174 --
Other Runoff Models and Concepts 175 --
Trends in Stormwater Discharge 177 --
Stormwater Mitigation in Development Planning and Design 179 --
The Concept of Performance 184 --
Comprehensive Water Management Planning 185 --
Case Study: A Case for Green Infrastructure in Stormwater Management, Surrey, British Columbia 186 --
Selected References for Further Reading 188 --
Chapter 9 --
Watersheds, Drainage Nets, and Land Usage Planning 191 --
Introduction 192 --
The Organization of Networks and Basins 192 --
Mapping the Drainage Basin 195 --
Land Use Alterations of Small Drainage Basins 196 --
Watershed Planning and Management Considerations 199 --
Framing a Plan for the Small Drainage Basin 203 --
Case Study: Watershed Concepts Applied to Industrial Site Management, Saltillo, Mexico 204 --
208 Selected References for Further Reading 208 --
Chapter 10 --
Streamflow, Floodplains, Flood Hazard, and Land Use Planning 209 --
Introduction 210 --
Sources of Streamflow 210 --
Methods of Broadcasting Streamflow 213 --
The Size and Shape of Valleys and Floodplains 217 --
Applications to Land Planning and Design 219 --
Small Basin Floodplain Mapping 222 --
Case Study: Flood Risk and the Impacts of Fire in a Small Forested Watershed, Northern Arizona 224 --
Selected References for Further Reading 227 --
Chapter 11 --
Water Quality and Runoff Considerations in Landscape Management 229 --
Introduction 230 --
Pollution Types, Sources, and Measurement 230 --
Stormwater, Land Use, and Water Quality 233 --
Water Quality Mitigation on Land 235 --
Eutrophication of Waterbodies 238 --
Lake Nutrient Loading and Land Use 241 --
Planning for Water Quality Management in Small Watersheds 244 --
Case Study: Sediment and Nutrient Trapping Efficiency of a Constructed Wetland Near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin 248 --
Selected References for Further Reading 250 --
Chapter 12 --
Soil Erosion, Stream Sedimentation, and Landscape Management 253 --
Introduction 254 --
Soil Erosion, Bioclimate, and Land Use 254 --
The Soil Erosion-Sediment Transport Sediment 257 --
Principal Factors Influencing Soil Erosion 260 --
Computing Soil Erosion from Runoff 262 --
Applications to Landscape Planning and Managements 265 --
Watershed Management Considerations 268 --
Case Study: Erosion and Sediment Control on a Creek Restoration Project, South Lake Tahoe, California 271 --
Selected References for Further Reading 273 --
Chapter 13 --
Best Management Practices, Local Watersheds, and Development Sites 275 --
Introduction 276 --
The Watershed Runoff System and BMP Opportunities 276 --
The Site-Scale Stormwater System 279 --
Production BMPs 280 --
Site Removal (Release) BMPs 283 --
Delivery BMPs 284 --
An Approach to BMP Planning 284 --
Toward Green Infrastructure 286 --
Case Study: Making the Shift On-Site BMPs: Rainwater Management on a Small Urban Site 288 --
Selected References for Further Reading 291 --
Chapter 14 --
The Riparian Landscape: Streams, Channel Forms, and Valley Floors 293 --
Introduction 294 --
Hydraulic Behavior of Streams 294 --
Stream Erosion and Sediment Transport 296 --
Channel Dynamics and Patterns 298 --
Channel Forms, Meanders, and Related Processes 300 --
Floodplain Formation and Features 305 --
Riparian and Channel Habitats 306 --
Management Problems and Guidelines 308 --
Case Study: Stormwater Management and Channel Restoration in an Urban Watershed 314 --
Selected References for Further Reading 316 --
Chapter 15 --
The Coastal Landscape: Shoreline Systems, Landforms, and Management Considerations 319 --
Introduction 320 --
Wave Action, Currents, and Longshore Sediment Transport 320 --
Net Sediment Transport and Sediment Mass Balance 325 --
Trends in Shoreline Change 326 --
Sand Dune Formation and Nourishment 328 --
Applications to Coastal Zone Planning and Management 331 --
Site Management Considerations 336 --
Case Study: In Search of Green Alternatives to Conventional Engineered Shore Protection: The Rootwall Concept 340 --
Selected References for Further Reading 343 --
Chapter 16 --
Solar Climate Near the Ground: Landscape and the Built Environment 345 --
Introduction 346 --
Sun Angle and Incident Radiation 346 --
Variations in Sun Angle with Seasons and Topography 347 --
Radiation Balance and Solar Heating 350 --
Implications for Land Use, Vegetation, and Soil 354 --
Implications for Buildings and Living Environments 354 --
Case Study: Solar Considerations in Midlatitude Residential Landscape Design 358 --
Selected References for Further Reading 360 --
Chapter 17 --
Microclimate, Climate Change, and the Urban Landscape 363 --
Introduction 364 --
The Urban Heat Island 364 --
Climatic Variations Within the Urban Region 366 --
Air Pollution Management in the Urban Region 373 --
Climate Considerations in Urban Planning 375 -- –
Climate Criteria for Urban Planning and Design 376 --
Case Study: Modifying Urban Climate and Reducing Energy Use Through Landscape Design 381 --
Selected References for Further Reading 383 --
Chapter 18 --
Ground Frost, Permafrost, Land Use, and Environment 385 --
Introduction 386 --
Daily and Seasonal Variations in Soil Heat 387 --
Controls on Soil Heat and Ground Frost 388 --
Permafrost 393 --
Land Use and Frozen Ground 394 --
Planning and Design Applications 397 --
Climate Change in a Permafrost Landscape 399 --
Case Study: Permafrost and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline 401 --
Selected References for Further Reading 403 --
Chapter 19 --
Vegetation, Land Use, and Environmental Assessment 405 --
Introduction 406 --
Description and Classification of Vegetation 406 --
Trends in Vegetation Change 407 --
The Concept of Sensitive Environments 413 --
vegetation as a Tool in Landscape Planning and Design 414 --
Approaches to Vegetation Analysis 419 --
Sampling Vegetation 421 --
Vegetation and Environmental Assessment 422 --
Case Study: Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat in Residential Planning, Central Texas 423 --
Selected References for Further Reading 426 --
Chapter 20 --
Landscape Ecology, Land Use, and Habitat Conversation Planning 429 --
Introduction 430 --
The Biogeographical Foundation 430 --
habitat, Land Use, and Biodiversity 432 --
Endangered, Threatened, and Protected Species 436 --
Patterns and Measures of Landscape Fragmentation 437 --
Habitat Conservation Planning 440 --
Case Study: Marsh Restoration for Bird Habitat in the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia 443 --
Selected References for Further Reading 445 --
Chapter 21 --
Wetlands, Habitat, and Land Use Planning 447 --
Introduction 448 --
Wetland Management Rationale 448 --
Wetland Hydrology 449 --
The Wetland Ecosystem 450 --
Wetland Types and Settings 452 --
Comprehensive Wetland Classification System 455 --
Wetland Mapping 458 --
Management and Mitigation Considerations 459 --
Case Study: In Search of Better Wetland Regulation and Management 462 --
Selected References for Further Reading 465 --
Chapter 22 --
Framing the Land Use Plan: A Systems Approach 467 --
Introduction 468 --
Getting a Handle on Systems 469 --
Framing Space in a Watershed 473 --
Designing Conceptual Alternatives 476 --
Testing and Evaluating Concept Plans 476 --
Advancing the Plan 477 --
Case Study: The Mountain watershed Variation 479 --
Selected References for Further Reading 481 --
Glossary 483 --
Credits 499 --
Index 501 --
Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics
- An Introduction to the Book and the Field
- 1 Landscape Planning: Roots, Problems, and Content
- 2 The Physiographic Framework of the United States and Canada
- 3 Landscape Form and Function in Planning
- 4 Topography, Slopes, and Land Use Planning
- 5 Soil, Land Use Suitability, and Waste Disposal
- 6 Soils and Wastewater Disposal Systems
- 7 Groundwater, Land Use, and Aquifer Protection
- 8 Stormwater Discharge, Water Management, and Landscape Change
- 9 Watersheds, Drainage Nets, and Land use
- 10 Streamflow, River Valleys, and Flood Hazard
- 11 Water Quality, Runoff, and Land Use
- 12 Soil Erosion, Land Use, and Stream Sedimentation
- 13 Best Management Practices, Watersheds, and Development Sites
- 14 Streams, Channel Forms, and the Riparian Landscape
- 15 Shoreline Processes, Sand Dunes, and Coastal Zone Management
- 16 Sun Angles, Solar Heating, and Environment
- 17 Microclimate, Air Pollution, and Urban Environment
- 18 Ground Frost, Permafrost, Land Use, and Environment
- 19 Vegetation, Land Use, and Environmental Assessment
- 20 Landscape Ecology, Land Use, and Habitat Conservation Planning
- 21 Wetlands, Habitat, and Land Use Planning
- Glossary
- Appendix A U.S. and Canadian Soil Classification Systems
- Appendix B Landforms and Soil Materials and Their Drainage Characteristics
- Appendix C U.S. Raw Surface Water Standards for Public Water Supplies
- Appendix D U.S. National Air Quality Standards
- Appendix E U.S. Noise Standards
- Appendix F Common and Scientific Names of North American Wetland Plants