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Important questions are being raised in the media about hate crime legislation, and controversial stories and examples of recent hate crimes are prominent in the press. This dynamic, comprehensive text provides a multidisciplinary approach to the fascinating topic of hate crimes--drawing on recent developments, issues, and current research and examining the impact of these crimes on different communities and individuals. Students delve into the range of issues that foster hate crimes while learning how these criminal acts impact them, as well as their communities.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xiii)
• Second Edition Preface(p. xv)
• Third Edition Preface(p. xvii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xix)
• 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• Overview of This Book(p. 3)
• Chapter 2 (p. 3)
• Chapter 3 (p. 4)
• Chapter 4 (p. 5)
• Chapter 5 (p. 6)
• Chapter 6 (p. 7)
• Chapter 7 (p. 7)
• Chapter 8 (p. 8)
• Chapter 9 (p. 10)
• Goals of This Book(p. 10)
• Discussion Questions(p. 10)
• 2 The Whys and Hows of Hate Crime Laws(p. 11)
• Punishing Hate Before Hate Crime Laws(p. 12)
• Arguments for Having Hate Crime Laws(p. 18)
• Retribution: Hate Crimes Are Different From Ordinary Crimes(p. 18)
• Deterrence(p. 24)
• Symbolic Effects(p. 26)
• The Birth of Hate Crimes(p. 28)
• Hate Crime Laws Today(p. 31)
• State(p. 31)
• Federal(p. 34)
• Hate Speech(p. 37)
• Narrative Portrait: The ADL Perspective on Hate Crimes(p. 40)
• Conclusion(p. 43)
• Discussion Questions(p. 43)
• Internet Exercises(p. 44)
• Suggested Readings(p. 44)
• 3 The Hate Debate: Constitutional and Policy Problems(p. 45)
• Hate Crime Laws and the Constitution(p. 46)
• Motive(p. 46)
• Are Hate Crimes Thought Crimes?(p. 47)
• Do Hate Crime Laws Have a "Chilling Effect"?(p. 51)
• Other Constitutional Issues(p. 53)
• Which Groups Should Be Protected?(p. 55)
• Sexual Orientation(p. 56)
• Gender(p. 58)
• Homelessness(p. 63)
• Factors That Affect States' Decisions About Which Groups to Protect(p. 63)
• Identifying and Prosecuting Hate Crimes(p. 65)
• Victims' Reporting of Hate Crimes(p. 66)
• Police Responses to Hate Crimes(p. 69)
• Prosecuting Hate Crimes(p. 74)
• Paradoxical Effects of Hate Crime Laws(p. 79)
• Hare Crime Laws Might Inspire Complacency(p. 79)
• Hate Crime Laws Might Cause Resentment of Minorities(p. 80)
• Hate Crime Laws Might Disempower Minorities(p. 80)
• Hate Crime Laws Might Increase Prejudice(p. 82)
• Narrative Portrait: Prosecuting Hate Crimes(p. 83)
• Conclusion(p. 85)
• Discussion Questions(p. 86)
• Internet Exercises(p. 87)
• Suggested Readings(p. 87)
• 4 Committing Hate: Who and Why(p. 89)
• The Offender Profile(p. 91)
• The "Typical" Offender(p. 91)
• Offender Motivations(p. 91)
• The Psychology of Prejudice(p. 97)
• The Development of Prejudice(p. 97)
• Narrative Portrait: Growing Up Racist, I(p. 99)
• How Stereotypes Affect Us(p. 101)
• What Makes a Bigot?(p. 102)
• The Role of the Family(p. 103)
• Situational factors(p. 105)
• Narrative Portrait: Growing Up Racist, II(p. 121)
• Bullying(p. 123)
• Why Do People Join Organized Hate Groups?(p. 124)
• Conclusion(p. 125)
• Discussion Questions(p. 125)
• Internet Exercises(p. 127)
• Suggested Readings(p. 128)
• 5 Organized Hate(p. 129)
• What Is a Hate Group?(p. 130)
• Problems in Defining Hate Groups(p. 130)
• Characteristics Shared by All Hate Groups(p. 132)
• Characteristics Shared by Most Hate Groups(p. 133)
• Hate Group Typologies(p. 134)
• Major American Hate Groups(p. 138)
• The Ku Klux Klan(p. 138)
• Racist Skinheads(p. 144)
• The Racist Militia Movement(p. 147)
• Narrative Portrait: At a Klan Rally, I(p. 150)
• Hate Group Ideologies(p. 151)
• Power(p. 151)
• Racial Separatism(p. 154)
• Religion(p. 154)
• Common Antipathy for the Same Groups(p. 156)
• Common Antipathy for Particular Beliefs and Actions(p. 158)
• Hate Group Recruitment and Defection(p. 159)
• Recruitment(p. 159)
• Defection(p. 162)
• Births and Deaths of Hate Groups(p. 163)
• Hate Group Activities(p. 164)
• Meetings(p. 164)
• Rallies(p. 165)
• Propaganda(p. 165)
• Internet(p. 165)
• Organized Political Activity(p. 166)
• Socializing(p. 166)
• Women in Organized Hate(p. 166)
• Narrative Portrait: At a Klan Rally, II(p. 169)
• Conclusion(p. 170)
• Discussion Questions(p. 170)
• Internet Exercises(p. 172)
• Suggested Readings(p. 172)
• 6 Hate Crime Victims(p. 175)
• Problems in Identifying Hate Crime Victims(p. 176)
• Difficulties in Reporting(p. 176)
• Difficulties in Recording(p. 176)
• Difficulties With Self-Reports(p. 177)
• Official Hate Crime Data(p. 177)
• Advocacy Group Data(p. 180)
• Hate Crimes Against African Americans(p. 181)
• Hare Crimes Against African Americans, Yesterday(p. 182)
• Hate Crimes Against African Americans, Today(p. 184)
• Hate Crimes Against African Americans, Tomorrow(p. 186)
• Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes(p. 187)
• Anti-Semitism in the United States Today(p. 189)
• Why the Jews?(p. 191)
• Hate Crimes Against LGBT People(p. 193)
• Narrative Portrait: A Victim's Testimony(p. 195)
• How Common Are Antigay Hate Crimes?(p. 197)
• Why Homophobic Hate Crimes?(p. 200)
• Other Victims(p. 204)
• Ethnicity(p. 204)
• Disability(p. 207)
• Gender(p. 209)
• Narrative Portrait: Aftermath of a Murder(p. 210)
• Homelessness(p. 210)
• Conclusion(p. 211)
• Discussion Questions(p. 211)
• Internet Exercises(p. 212)
• Suggested Readings(p. 213)
• 7 Fighting Hate(p. 215)
• The Psychology of Reducing Prejudice(p. 215)
• Theories and Models(p. 216)
• Changing Legal, Social, or Cultural Messages(p. 219)
• Antihate Groups(p. 221)
• The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)(p. 221)
• The Anti-Defamation League (ADL)(p. 222)
• The Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWQ(p. 223)
• National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF)(p. 223)
• Other Antihate Groups(p. 224)
• Common Features of Antihate Groups(p. 224)
• Government Initiatives for Fighting Hate(p. 227)
• Narrative Portrait: A Mother Fights Hate(p. 229)
• Other Antihate Approaches(p. 230)
• Local Initiatives(p. 231)
• The Internet(p. 233)
• Dealing With Hate Crime Offenders(p. 235)
• Ways to Promote Rehabilitation(p. 235)
• Civil Remedies(p. 238)
• Assessing Efforts to Fight Hate(p. 240)
• Effectiveness of Major Approaches to Fighting Hate(p. 240)
• The Contact Hypothesis(p. 241)
• Social Recategorization(p. 242)
• Changing the Laws(p. 242)
• Changing Cultural Norms(p. 242)
• Narrative Portrait: Portrait of an Offender in Treatment(p. 243)
• Conclusion(p. 244)
• Discussion Questions(p. 245)
• Internet Exercises(p. 246)
• Suggested Readings(p. 247)
• 8 Global Hate: International Problems and Solutions(p. 249)
• Distinguishing Hate Crimes From Other Events(p. 249)
• The Narrow Study of Global Hate(p. 250)
• The Rise of Nationalism and the Radical Right(p. 252)
• Five Countries' Approaches to Hate Crimes(p. 260)
• Germany(p. 260)
• Narrative Portrait: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina(p. 261)
• United Kingdom(p. 264)
• Australia(p. 269)
• Canada(p. 273)
• Croatia(p. 276)
• Commonalities and Differences(p. 279)
• A Global Hate Network(p. 281)
• Links Between Hate Groups(p. 281)
• The Internet(p. 282)
• White Power Music(p. 283)
• Policing Hate Across Borders(p. 284)
• Narrative Portrait: When Hate Leads to Genocide(p. 286)
• Conclusion(p. 287)
• Discussion Questions(p. 287)
• Internet Exercises(p. 289)
• Suggested Readings(p. 289)
• 9 The Future of Hate(p. 293)
• New Research(p. 294)
• Areas Where Research Is Needed(p. 294)
• Why Do Research?(p. 299)
• Better Data Collection(p. 300)
• Law Enforcement Responses(p. 300)
• Police(p. 300)
• Prosecutors(p. 302)
• Legislation(p. 302)
• Groups Protected(p. 303)
• Civil Actions(p. 304)
• Legislation Concerning Law Enforcement(p. 304)
• Globalized Hate(p. 304)
• Fighting Hate(p. 305)
• Focus on Young People(p. 305)
• Focus on Bias in State Institutions(p. 306)
• Focus on Prejudices in Society(p. 307)
• Conclusion(p. 307)
• Discussion Questions(p. 307)
• Internet Exercises(p. 308)
• Appendix A Selected International Hate Crime Laws(p. 311)
• Appendix B Selected Resources on Hate Crimes(p. 319)
• Appendix C Film Suggestions(p. 321)
• References(p. 323)
• Index(p. 357)
• About the Author(p. 367)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Phyllis B. Gerstenfeldhas a BA in psychology from Reed College, an MA and a PhD in psychology from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and a JD from the University of Nebraska. She is a professor and chair of Criminal Justice at California State University, Stanislaus, where she has taught a class on hate crimes since 1994. In addition to hate crimes, her research interests include juvenile justice, capital punishment, and psychology and law.