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Taking the break-up of the Soviet Union and the entry of Russia, China and India into the global market as the start of a new era of globalisation, Robert Adam compares new developments in architecture and urban design with major shifts in the balance of power since 1990. Based on the principle that design unavoidably follows social change, politics and economics, this analysis casts a new light on recent architecture. Starting with the lead up to events in the 1990s, links are established between the global dominance of the North Atlantic economies, architectural style and a dramatic increase in international architectural practice. The widely-observed homogeneity of the global consumer economy is examined in relation to branding, tourism and international competition between cities, and parallels are drawn with universal architectural and urban types, iconic architecture and the rise of the star architect. Contrasting pressures to maintain differences are identified in the break-up of nation states, identity politics, targeted marketing and environmentalism, and these are related to attempts to reinforce local identity through architecture and urban design. Using social, political and economic change as a guide to new directions in architecture and urban design, the book ends by tracing the changes in global power revealed by the 2008 Western financial crash and its immediate impact on the built environment. By comparing past patterns of cultural influence, the book speculates on how architecture and urban design may come to reflect wider global trends.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• List of Illustrations(p. xi)
• Preface(p. xvii)
• Where We Are Today: Architecture, Urban Design, Politics and Economics(p. 1)
• Part I Setting the Scene
• A A Short History of Globalisation and Architecture from 500 BCE to 1939 CE(p. 7)
• Empires and Birth of Faith-Based Styles(p. 7)
• European Discovery and the Enlightenment(p. 10)
• Colonisation and the Spread of European Culture(p. 13)
• The First Great Globalisation(p. 16)
• Nationalism, Internationalism and the Birth of Modernism(p. 19)
• B The New World Order 1945 to 1992: Global Commerce, Politics and the Triumph of Modernism(p. 29)
• Establishing Global Institutions(p. 29)
• The Cold War and Victory of Modernism(p. 33)
• The Golden Age of Capitalism and Heroic Modernism(p. 44)
• The Breakdown of the Post-War Consensus and a Crisis of Confidence in Architecture(p. 49)
• Western Recovery and the Fragmentation of Architecture(p. 57)
• Setting the Stage for the Global Economy(p. 66)
• Part II The New Global Era and the Global Elite
• The End of the Cold War and the Dawn of the New Global Era(p. 75)
• The Social and Cultural Impacts of Globalisation(p. 80)
• The Supremacy of the North-Atlantic Economies(p. 87)
• Architectural Practice and the Response to Global Opportunities(p. 89)
• Architects and the Transnational Capitalist Class(p. 97)
• Cities and the Global Elite(p. 100)
• Part III How Globalisation Makes Things the Same
• The New Structure of Global Trade(p. 109)
• A Transformed Political Landscape and the Global City(p. 116)
• The Universal Trading City(p. 121)
• Reflexive Modernism(p. 123)
• The Symbolism of the Global City(p. 129)
• The Global Suburb(p. 133)
• Deterritorialisation and the Non-Place(p. 138)
• Consumerism, the Globalisation of Markets and Branding(p. 144)
• Tourism Redefined and the Branding of Cities(p. 153)
• The Birth of the Iconic Building and the Bilbao Effect(p. 159)
• Iconic Architecture: Practice and Theory(p. 166)
• Star Architects(p. 177)
• Global Architects(p. 183)
• Part IV How Globalisation Keeps Things Different
• The Breakdown of the Nation State and Revived Identities(p. 195)
• Cultural Rights and the International Response(p. 200)
• Identity Politics and the Complexity of the Global Condition(p. 203)
• Personal and Social Identity(p. 206)
• 'Glocalisation' and New Trading Conditions(p. 211)
• The Local and the Global in Environmentalism(p. 214)
• Critical Regionalism: the Modernist Response to Localism(p. 218)
• Sustainability and Locality(p. 224)
• Identity and Reflexive Modernism(p. 233)
• Contextual Urbanism(p. 240)
• Traditional Architecture(p. 256)
• Conclusion: The End of the Era, What Now?
• The Present and the Future(p. 277)
• The 2008 Bank Crash and End of North Atlantic Supremacy(p. 278)
• Power Moves East(p. 283)
• Changing Global Priorities(p. 287)
• Urban Crisis in the Emerging Economies(p. 293)
• Iconic Architecture Reassessed(p. 299)
• Indigenisation and Hybridised Returns(p. 305)
• The Next Modernism?(p. 315)
• Index(p. 323)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Robert Adam was born in England in 1948 and received his architectural education at Westminster University. He was a Rome Scholar in 1972-3 and in 1977 became a Director of the architectural and urban design practice now known as Adam Architecture. Adam is a Visiting Professor in Urban Design at Strathclyde University. He has published numerous papers and articles on architecture, urban design, heritage policy, design philosophy and history; has appeared in television and radio broadcasts; and has conducted lecture tours in Europe, Asia and the Americas. He has sat on English government design review bodies, and was an elected councillor and honorary secretary of the Royal Institute of British Architects. As well as contributing to several books, Adam co-edited Tradition Today, and was the author of Classical Architecture: A Complete Handbook, Buildings by Design and The Seven Sins of Architects.