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This book provides a probing examination of problems unique to the world's poorest countries as they attempt to achieve environmentally sound economic development. Using Ecuador as an example, the authors present six case studies that focus on tropical deforestation, farmland degradation, inefficient water resource development, oil industry pollution in Amazonian rainforests, disturbance of coastal ecosystems, and management of the Galapagos Islands. The authors argue throughout the book that fundamental policy reforms are needed both to meet the challenge of mounting resource scarcity and to achieve sustainable economic progress. They also make the case that resource users' property rights must be strengthened, market forces given freer reign, and investment stepped up in human capital and in the rural economy's scientific and technological base. Finally, the book provides support for the notion that economic development and environmental conservation can be complementary provided that intelligent policies are implemented. The book will be useful to development and resource economists, resource management specialists, and conservation professionals. These cases also offer valuable insights for environmentally concerned general readers.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Part I Causes of Renewable Resource Degradation
• 1 Environmental Crisis in the Latin American Countryside
• 1.1 Outline of the Book
• 1.2 The Study's Geographic Focus
• 2 Causes of Increasing Resource Scarcity
• 2.1 Population Growth
• 2.2 Internal Migration
• 2.3 Income Growth
• 2.4 Increasing Domestic Demand for Agricultural Commodoties
• 2.5 Macroeconomic and Sectoral Policies and Performance of the Agricultural Economy
• 2.6 The Challenge of Increasing Scarcity
• 3 Policy Crisis and Environmental Degradation
• 3.1 Discriminatory Macroeconomic and Sectoral Policies
• 3.2 Factor Market Distortions
• 3.3 Failure to Invest in the Rural Economy's Scientific Base
• 3.4 Labor Markets and the Environment
• 3.5 An Ideal Set of Policies for Environmental Degradation
• Part II Case Studies
• 4 Tropical Deforestation
• 4.1 Historical Trends
• 4.2 Current Magnitude
• 4.3 Net Returns
• 4.4 Causes of Agricultural Colonization
• 4.5 Summary and Conclusions
• 5 Farmland Degradation
• 5.1 Soil Erosion and Its Origins
• 5.2 On-Farm Consequences of Soil Loss
• 5.3 Why Farmers Allow Their Land to Deteriorate
• 5.4 Land Degradation and Declining Commodity Prices
• 6 Waste and Misallocation of Water Resources
• 6.1 Water Resources for Agriculture
• 6.2 The Water Law and INHERHI
• 6.3 Irrigation Projects
• 6.4 Hydroelectricity Development
• 6.5 Potable Water Systems
• 6.6 Water Resource Degradation
• 6.7 Summary and Conclusions
• 7 Oil Industry Pollution in the Ecuadorian Amazon
• 7.1 Environmental Impacts
• 7.2 Current Regulatory Environment
• 7.3 The International Controversy Surrounding Development of Block 16
• 7.4 The Economic of Pollution Control
• 7.5 Summary and Conclusions
• 8 Shrimp Mariculture and Coastal Ecosystems
• 8.1 Alteration of Coastal Ecosystems
• 8.2 Consequences of Coastal Ecosystem Disturbance
• 8.3 Causes of Environmental Degradation Along the Ecuadorian Coast
• 8.4 The Future of Ecuadorian Mariculture and the Country's Coastal Ecosystems
• 9 Tourism and Species Preservation in the Galapagos
• 9.1 A Short History of the Galapagos
• 9.2 Conservation Initiatives
• 9.3 The Growth of Tourism
• 9.4 Tourism Pricing Issues
• 9.5 Conclusions
• Part III Conclusions and Recommendations
• 10 Development and the Environment: Some Common Fallacies
• 10.1 Will Population Growth Outstrip What the Environment Can Support?
• 10.2 Does Economic Growth Always Harm the Environment?
• 10.3 Is Economic Liberalization Inherently Unfair to Nature and the Poor?
• 10.4 Does Ecuador Have the Fiscal Capacity for Sustainable Development?
• 11 Resolving the Policy Crisis
• 11.1 Non-Discriminatory Macroeconomic and Sectoral Policies
• 11.2 Efficient Markets for Natural Resources and Other Inouts
• 11.3 Formation of Human Capital and Strengthening the Rural Economy's Scientific Base
• 11.4 The Challenge of Reform
• References

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Douglas Southgate is at Ohio State University. Morris Whitaker is at Utah State University.