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A large number of American franchise systems have, over the last 40 years, made Canada one of their chose international expansion targets. This new book, written by experienced Canadian franchise lawyers, will help you advise your clients who are considering expansion into the Canadian marketplace. The book outlines a host of important differences when comparing the business, law and practice of franchising in Canada and the United States, as well as the numerous similarities between the culture and law of both societies. Topics include: structuring and expansion to Canada; trade-mark and other intellectual property issues; the Canadian franchise agreement; franchise disclosure issues; privacy issues and dispute resolution and franchise litigation in Canada. The book also includes practice notes throughout the book, highlighting key points.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• About the Editors(p. ix)
• About the Authors(p. xi)
• Foreword(p. xv)
• Acknowledgements(p. xvii)
• Introduction(p. xix)
• Chapter 1 Structuring an Expansion to Canada(p. 1)
• Section 1 Legal Entities and Methods for Doing Business in Canada, including Related Taxation Issues(p. 1)
• I Introduction(p. 1)
• II What Methods and Legal Entities are Available for Expansion to Canada?(p. 2)
• A Options for Expansion(p. 2)
• III Examination of Options(p. 3)
• A Branches & Subsidiaries(p. 3)
• 1 Branch(p. 4)
• (a) Basic Tax Considerations of Branch Operation(p. 4)
• (b) Tax Advantages of a Branch(p. 5)
• (c) Tax Disadvantages of a Branch(p. 6)
• (d) Tax and Related Registrations Required for Branch(p. 6)
• 2 Subsidiary(p. 7)
• (a) Structure(p. 7)
• (b) Jurisdiction of Incorporation in Canada of Subsidiary(p. 8)
• (c) Registrations Required(p. 8)
• (d) Potential Shareholders' Agreement for Subsidiary(p. 8)
• (e) Income Tax Considerations of Subsidiary(p. 9)
• (f) Tax Advantages of Subsidiary(p. 9)
• (g) Tax Disadvantages of Subsidiary(p. 9)
• B Special Rules for Nova Scotia ULC(p. 10)
• 1 Tax Consequences(p. 10)
• 2 Advantages of Nova Scotia ULC(p. 10)
• 3 Disadvantages of Nova Scotia ULC(p. 10)
• C Joint Venture or Partnership(p. 11)
• 1 Joint Venture(p. 11)
• 2 Partnership(p. 12)
• 3 Joint Venture/Partnership - Tax Considerations(p. 12)
• (a) Tax Consequences(p. 12)
• (b) Advantages(p. 13)
• (c) Disadvantages(p. 13)
• 4 Incorporation and Shareholders' Agreement(p. 13)
• D Master Franchise or Area Development(p. 14)
• 1 Master Franchise Agreement(p. 14)
• 2 Area Development Agreement(p. 15)
• 3 Tax Consequences(p. 16)
• IV "GST" on Supplies of Goods and Services(p. 16)
• A Overview(p. 16)
• B Application of GST to Franchises(p. 17)
• 1 Branch Operation(p. 18)
• (a) Mandatory Registration(p. 18)
• (b) Voluntary Registration(p. 18)
• (c) Security(p. 19)
• 2 Canadian Subsidiary(p. 19)
• V Customs Duties(p. 20)
• A Overview(p. 20)
• B North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)(p. 20)
• VI Provincial Sales Tax(p. 22)
• A Overview(p. 22)
• B Retail Sales Tax(p. 22)
• C Harmonized Sales Tax(p. 22)
• D Quebec Sales Tax ("QST")(p. 23)
• Section 2 Business Immigration for Franchisors(p. 23)
• I Introduction(p. 23)
• II Working in Canada(p. 24)
• A Temporary Resident Visas(p. 24)
• B Temporary Resident Visa Exemptions(p. 25)
• C Work Permit Exemptions(p. 26)
• D Work Permit Categories(p. 27)
• E Work Permit Conditions(p. 28)
• F Applying for a Work Permit(p. 28)
• G Accompanying Family Members(p. 29)
• III Permanent Resident Status and Citizenship(p. 29)
• Section 3 Competition Law in Canada(p. 30)
• I Introduction(p. 30)
• A The Act - Format(p. 31)
• 1 Abuse of Dominance(p. 33)
• 2 Exclusive Dealing(p. 35)
• 3 Tied Selling(p. 36)
• 4 Market Restriction(p. 37)
• 5 Refusal to Deal(p. 37)
• 6 Conspiracies/Restraint of Trade(p. 38)
• 7 Price Maintenance (and Suggested Retail Pricing)(p. 38)
• 8 Price Discrimination and Promotional Allowances(p. 39)
• 9 Predatory Pricing(p. 41)
• 10 False or Misleading Advertising(p. 41)
• 11 Contests(p. 42)
• Section 4 Doing Business in the Province of Quebec(p. 43)
• I Adhesion Contracts(p. 43)
• A Consequences of Characterization as an Adhesion Contract(p. 45)
• 1 External Clauses(p. 46)
• 2 Illegible and Incomprehensible Clauses(p. 47)
• 3 Abusive Clause(p. 48)
• II Personal Guarantees(p. 50)
• III Suppliers' Liability(p. 51)
• IV Charter of the French Language(p. 54)
• A Name of the Enterprise(p. 54)
• 1 Choosing a Name(p. 54)
• 2 Using the Name(p. 54)
• B Signs, Posters and Commercial Advertising(p. 55)
• C Documents Relating to the Business(p. 56)
• 1 Contracts and Agreements(p. 56)
• 2 Catalogues, Brochures and Similar Publications(p. 56)
• D Products and Computer Software(p. 57)
• 1 Products(p. 57)
• 2 Computer Software and Toys(p. 58)
• 3 Websites(p. 59)
• E Labour Relations(p. 60)
• F Penalties and Other Sanctions(p. 61)
• Section 5 Personal Property Security(p. 61)
• I Introduction to Personal Property Security Act(p. 61)
• A When Does the PPSA Apply?(p. 62)
• 1 Security Interests(p. 62)
• 2 Exemptions from the PPSA(p. 63)
• 3 Franchise System Security(p. 63)
• B Taking a Security Interest(p. 63)
• C Registering a Financing Statement(p. 64)
• 1 Online Registry System(p. 64)
• 2 Place of Registration(p. 64)
• 3 Serial Numbered Goods(p. 65)
• 4 Fixtures(p. 66)
• 5 Maintaining Registrations(p. 66)
• D Priority(p. 67)
• E Enforcement(p. 68)
• F Quebec - The Hypothec(p. 68)
• Chapter 2 Trade-Mark and Other Intellectual Property Issues(p. 71)
• I Trade-Marks(p. 71)
• A Common Law Protection of Trade-Marks(p. 71)
• 1 Common Law Passing-Off(p. 72)
• 2 Statutory Passing-Off(p. 73)
• B Federal Trade-Marks Act(p. 74)
• 1 Types of Trade-marks(p. 75)
• 2 Registrability(p. 76)
• 3 Registration Process(p. 80)
• 4 Licensing Use of Trade-marks(p. 82)
• (a) Intercompany Licenses(p. 85)
• 5 Expungement(p. 87)
• 6 Prohibited Use and Recourses(p. 87)
• 7 International Treaties(p. 89)
• II Copyright Protection(p. 89)
• A Scope and Term of the Right(p. 90)
• B Ownership of Copyright(p. 92)
• 1 Translation(p. 93)
• C Moral Rights(p. 93)
• D Foreign-Based Authors(p. 94)
• E Remedies(p. 94)
• F Registration(p. 95)
• III Patents(p. 95)
• IV Confidential Information Protection(p. 96)
• Chapter 3 The Canadian Franchise Agreement(p. 97)
• I Introduction(p. 97)
• A Term and Renewal(p. 100)
• B Territory and Reservation of Rights(p. 103)
• C Non-Competition Covenants(p. 105)
• D Initial Fees and Royalty Payments(p. 109)
• E Interest Rates(p. 110)
• F Location, Design and Construction(p. 111)
• G Doing Business in Canada Considerations(p. 113)
• 1 Marketing Boards(p. 113)
• 2 Packaging Requirements(p. 114)
• 3 Product Warranty(p. 115)
• 4 Special Regulatory Requirements(p. 116)
• 5 Competition Act Considerations(p. 116)
• 6 Unfair Business Practices(p. 118)
• H Training and Operating Assistance(p. 119)
• I Advertising Fund(p. 120)
• 1 Establishment of Advertising Funds(p. 121)
• 2 Advertising Provisions in the Franchise Agreement(p. 122)
• 3 Advertising Fund Competition Act Considerations(p. 125)
• J Intellectual Property Protection and Confidentiality(p. 127)
• K License to Use Trade-Marks(p. 128)
• L Accounting Records, Audits and Inspections(p. 130)
• M Insurance(p. 131)
• 1 Liability Insurance(p. 132)
• 2 Property Insurance(p. 133)
• N Assignment, Transfer and Sale(p. 133)
• O Termination(p. 136)
• 1 Franchisee's Obligations upon Termination or Expiration(p. 139)
• 2 Franchisor's Rights and Obligations upon Termination(p. 140)
• P Guarantor's Covenants(p. 140)
• Q Security to Franchisor(p. 142)
• R Boilerplate Provisions(p. 143)
• 1 Canadian Spelling and Language Issues(p. 143)
• 2 Currency Selection(p. 145)
• 3 Penalty Clauses and Equitable Remedies(p. 145)
• 4 Waiver of Jury(p. 147)
• 5 Severability(p. 147)
• 6 Entire Agreement Clause(p. 148)
• 7 Governing Law and Jurisdiction(p. 149)
• 8 Mediation and Arbitration(p. 151)
• II Conclusions(p. 153)
• Schedule A Canadian Liquor Law Requirements Respecting Royalties Fees Calculated on Liquor Sales(p. 155)
• Chapter 4 Franchise Disclosure Issues in Canada(p. 159)
• I History of Franchise Legislation in Canada(p. 159)
• A Introduction(p. 159)
• B Alberta(p. 160)
• C Ontario(p. 161)
• D Other Provinces(p. 162)
• E Uniform Law Conference of Canada ("ULCC")(p. 162)
• II Overview of the Requirements of Alberta and Ontario Franchise Legislation(p. 164)
• A Introduction(p. 164)
• B Highlights of the Ontario and Alberta Acts(p. 165)
• C Important Definitions under the Ontario Act and The Alberta Act(p. 166)
• 1 Franchise(p. 166)
• 2 Franchise Agreement(p. 169)
• III Application of the Ontario Act and the Alberta Act(p. 170)
• A Obligation to Disclose and Exemptions(p. 172)
• B Material Changes(p. 176)
• C Delivery Mechanics(p. 177)
• D Rescission(p. 177)
• E Damages for Misrepresentation(p. 179)
• F Liability(p. 180)
• G Waivers, Jurisdiction, Venue and Forum(p. 181)
• H Financial Information Exemptions(p. 182)
• I Financial Statements(p. 185)
• J Certificate of Disclosure(p. 186)
• K Risk Statements(p. 187)
• L Alternative Dispute Resolution(p. 188)
• M Disclosure Document General Information(p. 188)
• N Disclosure Document Contents(p. 189)
• IV Matters of Special Interest to Foreign Franchisors(p. 197)
• A Can a Foreign Franchisor Use a UFOC or Other Form of Offering Circular or Disclosure Document?(p. 197)
• 1 Ontario(p. 197)
• 2 Alberta(p. 199)
• B Can a Foreign Franchisor Use Local Law to Govern Its Franchise Documents?(p. 200)
• C Franchise Disclosure Cases in Canada(p. 201)
• 1 Ontario(p. 201)
• 2 Alberta(p. 204)
• Chapter 5 Privacy Laws in Canada: Their Implications for Franchising and Marketing(p. 207)
• I Introduction to Privacy Issues(p. 207)
• II Franchising Issues(p. 210)
• III Privacy Laws(p. 212)
• A Basic Privacy Principles(p. 212)
• B Canada's Privacy Laws(p. 213)
• 1 Federal - PIPEDA(p. 214)
• (a) Canada's Ten Privacy Principles(p. 214)
• (b) Constitutionality and Jurisdiction(p. 221)
• (c) Remedies(p. 223)
• (d) Summary(p. 225)
• 2 Quebec(p. 226)
• 3 British Columbia and Alberta(p. 229)
• 4 Other Provinces(p. 232)
• 5 Remedies and Enforcement(p. 232)
• (a) Concurrent Remedies in Statute and Common Law(p. 233)
• (b) Other Common Law Remedies(p. 235)
• (c) Class Actions(p. 235)
• (d) Actions for Misrepresentation under the Competition Act(p. 236)
• (e) Remedies and Enforcement: Summary(p. 237)
• IV Specific Implications for Franchisors(p. 238)
• A Implications of the Consent Requirement(p. 238)
• B What is "Sensitive Information"?(p. 240)
• C Communication of Purposes(p. 245)
• D Premises and Security(p. 246)
• E Access by Individuals(p. 247)
• V Compliance Options(p. 247)
• A Basic Privacy Compliance Steps(p. 247)
• 1 Appoint a Compliance Officer(p. 248)
• 2 Conduct a Privacy Audit(p. 248)
• 3 Develop a List of Approved Purposes(p. 249)
• 4 Prepare Privacy Policies, Brochures and Consent Forms(p. 249)
• 5 Consider a New Filing System(p. 250)
• 6 Initial the Privacy Plan(p. 250)
• 7 Maintaining Compliance(p. 251)
• B Compliance Issues for Franchisors(p. 251)
• VI Conclusion(p. 254)
• Chapter 6 Dispute Resolution and Franchise Litigation in Canada(p. 255)
• I Introduction(p. 255)
• II Legal System(p. 256)
• III Jurisdiction of Courts(p. 256)
• IV Litigation Differences Between Canada and The United States(p. 257)
• V Judge-made Law(p. 258)
• VI Damage Awards(p. 262)
• VII Costs and Legal Fees(p. 265)
• VIII Class Actions in Canada(p. 266)
• IX Right of Association(p. 267)
• X Enforcement of Foreign Judgements in Canadian Courts(p. 269)
• XI Choice of Law and Forum, and Waivers(p. 272)
• XII Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Canada(p. 281)
• XIII Injunctive Relief(p. 298)
• XIV Non-Competition Covenants(p. 303)
• XV Alternative Dispute Resolution; Mediation and Arbitration(p. 327)
• XVI Conclusion(p. 333)
• Appendix A Arthur Wishart Act (Franchise Disclosure), 2000 (Ontario)(p. 335)
• Appendix B Ontario Regulation 581/00(p. 351)
• Appendix C Ontario Regulation 9/01(p. 363)
• Appendix D Alberta Franchises Act(p. 367)
• Appendix E Alberta Regulation 312/2000 (Consolidated up to 134/2004)(p. 383)
• Appendix F Alberta Regulation 240/95(p. 385)
• Index(p. 399)