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Shafritz, Russell, and Borick cover the most important issues in public administration with a witty writing style and examples drawn from different disciplines and modern culture. This approach will captivate and encourage students to think critically about the nature of public administration today. It provides students with a solid conceptual foundation in public administration and contains the latest information on trends in the discipline. To further engage students and deepen interest in its narrative, the text uses unique chapter-opening vignettes called Keynotes, chapter ending case studies, and a series of boxes throughout that offer real-life excerpts and quotes.

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• Preface(p. xvii)
• Chapter 1 Defining Public Administration(p. 1)
• Keynote: Go Tell the Spartans(p. 1)
• The Definitions of Public Administration(p. 6)
• Political Definitions of Public Administration(p. 7)
• Legal Definitions of Public Administration(p. 13)
• Managerial Definitions of Public Administration(p. 19)
• Occupational Definitions of Public Administration(p. 23)
• The Evolution of Public Administration(p. 28)
• The Core Content(p. 29)
• It's an Adventure!(p. 31)
• A Case Study: How a President Undeservedly Received Credit for Founding a Discipline(p. 32)
• Summary(p. 33)
• Review Questions(p. 34)
• Key Concepts(p. 34)
• Bibliography(p. 35)
• Recommended Books(p. 35)
• Related Web Sites(p. 36)
• Chapter 2 The Political and Cultural Environment of Public Policy and Its Administration(p. 37)
• Keynote: Who Decides If the United States Should Wage War?(p. 37)
• What Is Public Policy?(p. 41)
• Public Policymaking in a Republic(p. 42)
• Executive Powers(p. 45)
• The Policymaking Process(p. 48)
• Agenda Setting(p. 50)
• Decision Making(p. 52)
• A Single Calculating Decision Maker-Not!(p. 54)
• Implementation(p. 55)
• Evaluation(p. 59)
• Power-The External Perspective(p. 60)
• Pluralism(p. 61)
• Group Theory(p. 63)
• Power-The Internal Perspective(p. 67)
• Organizational Goals(p. 68)
• Internal Power Relationships(p. 69)
• The Cultures of Public Organizations(p. 71)
• The Outside Cultural Environment(p. 71)
• The Inside Cultural Environment(p. 73)
• Professional Socialization(p. 75)
• Symbolic Management(p. 76)
• A Case Study: Were the Space Shuttle Astronauts Killed by Fog?(p. 77)
• Summary(p. 80)
• Review Questions(p. 80)
• Key Concepts(p. 80)
• Bibliography(p. 81)
• Recommended Books(p. 82)
• Related Web Sites(p. 82)
• Chapter 3 The Continuous Reinventing of the Machinery of Government(p. 83)
• Keynote: The New Feudalism(p. 83)
• What Is the Machinery of Government?(p. 86)
• Fine-Tuning the Machinery(p. 86)
• The Rise and Fall of Governmental Machinery(p. 87)
• The Administrative Architecture of the U.S. Government(p. 88)
• Executive Branch Machinery(p. 90)
• State and Local Government Machinery(p. 95)
• State Government(p. 96)
• County Government(p. 97)
• Municipal Government(p. 98)
• Towns and Special Districts(p. 99)
• Local Management Machinery(p. 100)
• Metropolitan Government(p. 101)
• Continuous State and Local Reform(p. 102)
• Reforming the National Machinery of Government(p. 104)
• The Brownlow Committee(p. 106)
• The Hoover Commissions(p. 108)
• The Ash Council(p. 109)
• The President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control(p. 109)
• Reinventing Government(p. 110)
• The Gore Report(p. 112)
• The End of Reinvention(p. 113)
• The Micromanagers(p. 114)
• The Pressure for Privatization(p. 116)
• Strategies for Privatization(p. 117)
• Privatization in the Military(p. 118)
• The Nonprofit Gambit(p. 120)
• Voluntarism and Philanthropy(p. 122)
• A Case Study: The Revolution in the British Machinery of Government 1979-2005(p. 125)
• Summary(p. 127)
• Review Questions(p. 128)
• Key Concepts(p. 128)
• Bibliography(p. 129)
• Recommended Books(p. 130)
• Related Web Sites(p. 130)
• Chapter 4 Intergovernmental Relations(p. 131)
• Keynote: The Age of Devolution(p. 132)
• The Evolution of Federal Systems(p. 136)
• Alliances and Confederations(p. 137)
• Defining Intergovernmental Relations(p. 137)
• The Fundamental Settlement(p. 139)
• The Constitution(p. 139)
• The European Union(p. 140)
• The American Federal System(p. 141)
• Three Categories of Governments(p. 142)
• The Structure of Intergovernmental Relations(p. 144)
• The Effects of Pluralism(p. 145)
• The Marble-Cake Metaphor(p. 146)
• Dynamic Federalism(p. 147)
• Dual Federalism(p. 147)
• Cooperative Federalism(p. 148)
• Creative Federalism(p. 149)
• New Federalism(p. 150)
• New New Federalism(p. 150)
• Intergovernmental Management(p. 151)
• Picket Fence Federalism(p. 153)
• Councils of Government and Intergovernmental Agreements(p. 153)
• Mandate Mania(p. 154)
• Mandates and the War on Terrorism(p. 156)
• The Transformation of Governance(p. 158)
• Fiscal Federalism-Following the Money(p. 158)
• The Theory of Fiscal Federalism(p. 159)
• Grant Programs(p. 162)
• From Contractive to Coercive Federalism(p. 164)
• The Devolution Revolution(p. 165)
• The Public Choice Solution(p. 166)
• The Race to the Bottom(p. 167)
• Two Case Studies: How Intergovernmental Management Became Intergovernmental Chaos: The Cases of United Flight 93 and Hurricane Katrina(p. 168)
• Summary(p. 170)
• Review Questions(p. 171)
• Key Concepts(p. 171)
• Bibliography(p. 172)
• Recommended Books(p. 173)
• Related Web Sites(p. 173)
• Chapter 5 Honor, Ethics, and Accountability(p. 174)
• Keynote: Niccolo Machiavelli, the Preeminent Public Administration Ethicist(p. 175)
• The Origins and Nature of Honor(p. 178)
• National Honor(p. 179)
• Why Honor Precedes Ethics(p. 180)
• Dimensions of Honor(p. 180)
• Regime Values(p. 182)
• Corruption in Government(p. 183)
• Bribery(p. 183)
• Watergate(p. 184)
• Lying for Your Country(p. 186)
• The Dirty Hands Dilemma(p. 188)
• Lying About Sex(p. 189)
• Hierarchy of Ethics(p. 191)
• The Four Levels of Ethics(p. 192)
• The Iran-Contra Affair(p. 192)
• The Higher Law Defense(p. 193)
• Codes of Honor, Conduct, and Ethics(p. 194)
• The New Face of Dueling(p. 194)
• Honorable Behavior(p. 195)
• Was "Deep Throat's" Behavior Honorable?(p. 196)
• Standards of Conduct(p. 197)
• The Challenge of Accountability(p. 198)
• Constitutional and Legal Constraints(p. 200)
• Obsessive Accountability(p. 201)
• Avoiding Accountability(p. 203)
• Legislative Oversight(p. 204)
• Hearings(p. 204)
• Casework(p. 206)
• A Case Study: The Blood on Robert McNamara's Hands-and Conscience(p. 207)
• Summary(p. 210)
• Review Questions(p. 211)
• Key Concepts(p. 211)
• Bibliography(p. 212)
• Recommended Books(p. 213)
• Related Web Sites(p. 214)
• Chapter 6 The Evolution of Management and Organization Theory(p. 215)
• Keynote: Moses Meets the First Management Consultant(p. 216)
• The Origins of Public Management(p. 218)
• The Continuing Influence of Ancient Rome(p. 220)
• The Military Heritage of Public Administration(p. 222)
• The Evolution of Management Principles(p. 223)
• Comparing Military and Civilian Principles(p. 223)
• The Principles Approach(p. 226)
• What Is Organization Theory?(p. 227)
• Classical Organization Theory(p. 228)
• Adam Smith and the Pin Factory(p. 229)
• The Origins of Scientific Management(p. 232)
• The Staff Concept(p. 232)
• The Influence of Frederick W. Taylor(p. 233)
• Fayol's General Theory of Management(p. 238)
• The Period of Orthodoxy(p. 238)
• Paul Appleby's Polemic(p. 239)
• Luther Gulick's POSDCORB(p. 240)
• The Many Meanings of Bureaucracy(p. 241)
• All Government Offices(p. 241)
• All Public Officials(p. 242)
• A General Invective(p. 242)
• Max Weber's Structural Arrangements(p. 242)
• Neoclassical Organization Theory(p. 244)
• Herbert A. Simon's Influence(p. 245)
• The Impact of Sociology(p. 245)
• "Modern" Structural Organization Theory(p. 247)
• Basic Assumptions(p. 247)
• Mechanistic and Organic Systems(p. 247)
• Systems Theory(p. 248)
• Cybernetics(p. 249)
• The Learning Organization(p. 250)
• Complex Adaptive Systems(p. 251)
• A Case Study: The Critical Importance of Administrative Doctrine(p. 251)
• Summary(p. 254)
• Review Questions(p. 255)
• Key Concepts(p. 256)
• Bibliography(p. 256)
• Recommended Books(p. 257)
• Related Web Sites(p. 258)
• Chapter 7 Organizational Behavior(p. 259)
• Keynote: Organization Development in Hollywood: From The Sands of Iwo Jima to G.I. Jane(p. 259)
• Organizational Behavior(p. 264)
• Group Dynamics(p. 266)
• Organization Development(p. 269)
• The Impact of Personality(p. 273)
• The Impact of Bureaucratic Structure on Behavior(p. 274)
• Bureaucratic Dysfunctions(p. 275)
• Bureaucratic Impersonality(p. 276)
• Bureaucrat Bashing(p. 278)
• The Case for Bureaucracy(p. 281)
• Motivation(p. 282)
• The Hawthorne Experiments(p. 282)
• The Needs Hierarchy(p. 283)
• The Motivation-Hygiene Theory(p. 284)
• Toward a Democratic Environment(p. 285)
• Theory X and Theory Y(p. 286)
• The Future of Organizations(p. 289)
• Postbureaucratic Organizations(p. 289)
• Postmodernism(p. 291)
• The Problem of Technocracy(p. 292)
• The Core Themes of Postmodernism(p. 293)
• Postmodern Public Administration(p. 294)
• A Feminist Perspective(p. 295)
• A Case Study: The Dangers of Groupthink from Pearl Harbor to the War in Iraq(p. 298)
• Summary(p. 300)
• Review Questions(p. 301)
• Key Concepts(p. 301)
• Bibliography(p. 302)
• Recommended Books(p. 303)
• Related Web Sites(p. 304)
• Chapter 8 Managerialism and Performance Management(p. 305)
• Keynote: Socrates Discovers Universal Management(p. 305)
• Managerialism(p. 309)
• A New Managerial Revolution(p. 310)
• Policy Entrepreneurs(p. 311)
• Reengineering(p. 312)
• Radical as Opposed to Incremental Change(p. 312)
• Becoming a Reengineer(p. 313)
• Empowerment(p. 314)
• Empowering Teams(p. 315)
• Entrepreneurialism(p. 316)
• Toward a Competitive Public Administration(p. 318)
• The New Public Management(p. 319)
• What Is Performance Management?(p. 321)
• The Politics of Performance Management(p. 323)
• Management Control(p. 324)
• Productivity Improvement(p. 324)
• Productivity Measurement(p. 325)
• Barriers to Productivity Improvement(p. 326)
• Total Quality Management(p. 327)
• It's the Customer, Stupid!(p. 329)
• A Case Study: From E-Commerce to E-Government(p. 331)
• Summary(p. 334)
• Review Questions(p. 334)
• Key Concepts(p. 335)
• Bibliography(p. 335)
• Recommended Books(p. 337)
• Related Web Sites(p. 337)
• Chapter 9 Strategic Management in the Public Sector(p. 338)
• Keynote: When Short-Term Leaders Do Long-Term Planning(p. 338)
• What Is Strategic Management?(p. 341)
• Objectives(p. 342)
• The Planning Horizon(p. 345)
• Capabilities(p. 347)
• Game Theory(p. 349)
• Four Strategic Factors(p. 350)
• The Public-Private Paradox(p. 351)
• The Importance of Being Close to the Center(p. 354)
• Organizational Language and Culture(p. 355)
• Organizational Place(p. 356)
• Strategic Management Tools(p. 357)
• Best Practices(p. 358)
• Benchmarking(p. 359)
• Management Scorecards(p. 360)
• A Case Study: How Military General Staffs Became the First Strategic Think Tanks(p. 362)
• Summary(p. 365)
• Review Questions(p. 366)
• Key Concepts(p. 366)
• Bibliography(p. 367)
• Recommended Books(p. 367)
• Related Web Sites(p. 368)
• Chapter 10 Leadership(p. 369)
• Keynote: The Hedgehog, the Fox or Henry V(p. 369)
• Leading for Performance(p. 372)
• Defining Leadership(p. 373)
• Leadership and Management(p. 374)
• Trait Theories(p. 375)
• Transactional Approaches(p. 377)
• Contingency Approaches(p. 380)
• Transformational Leadership(p. 381)
• The Importance of Optimism(p. 383)
• Too Much Leadership(p. 385)
• Micromanagement(p. 386)
• Overmanagement(p. 387)
• Moral Leadership(p. 387)
• The Bully Pulpit(p. 387)
• Rhetorical Leadership(p. 387)
• A Case Study: Transforming the Postal Service(p. 389)
• Summary(p. 392)
• Review Questions(p. 392)
• Key Concepts(p. 393)
• Bibliography(p. 393)
• Recommended Books(p. 394)
• Related Web Sites(p. 395)
• Chapter 11 Personnel Management and Labor Relations(p. 396)
• Keynote: The Adventures of a Young Man as a Personnel Technician(p. 396)
• The Personnel Function(p. 402)
• Recruitment(p. 403)
• Merit Selection(p. 404)
• Position Classification and Pay(p. 406)
• Performance Appraisal(p. 408)
• Training(p. 409)
• Management Development(p. 411)
• The Bittersweet Heritage of Civil Service Reform(p. 412)
• The Netherworld of Public Personnel Administration(p. 413)
• From Spoils to Merit(p. 415)
• The Pendleton Act(p. 416)
• State and Local Reform(p. 417)
• The Rise and Fall of the Civil Service Commission(p. 418)
• The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978(p. 420)
• Reinventing Public Personnel Administration(p. 421)
• Privatizing Public Personnel(p. 423)
• Patronage Appointments(p. 424)
• The Constitutionality of Patronage(p. 426)
• Veterans Preference(p. 426)
• Patronage Gone Bad(p. 427)
• Public Sector Labor Relations(p. 428)
• The AFL-CIO(p. 429)
• Administrative Agencies(p. 429)
• Collective Bargaining(p. 431)
• Impasse Resolution(p. 433)
• Strikes(p. 434)
• Why Strikes Occur(p. 435)
• A Case Study: The Air Traffic Controllers Strike(p. 437)
• Summary(p. 438)
• Review Questions(p. 439)
• Key Concepts(p. 439)
• Bibliography(p. 440)
• Recommended Books(p. 441)
• Related Web Sites(p. 441)
• Chapter 12 Social Equity(p. 442)
• Keynote: Three Thousand Years of Sexual Harassment(p. 442)
• What Is Social Equity?(p. 444)
• Mandating Social Equity(p. 445)
• The New Public Administration(p. 446)
• The Challenge of Equality(p. 447)
• Racism(p. 447)
• The Bitter Heritage of Slavery(p. 448)
• From Reconstruction to Second Reconstruction(p. 450)
• An Administrative Fix for Racism(p. 451)
• Equal Employment Opportunity(p. 453)
• Origins of Affirmative Action(p. 453)
• The Case for Affirmative Action(p. 455)
• The Case Against Affirmative Action(p. 456)
• Representative Bureaucracy(p. 457)
• Reverse Discrimination(p. 458)
• Justifying Diversity(p. 461)
• The Ongoing Role of Race in Public Administration(p. 462)
• Nonracial Discrimination(p. 463)
• Sex Discrimination(p. 463)
• Sexual Harassment(p. 464)
• Pregnancy Discrimination(p. 467)
• Gender Discrimination and Education(p. 467)
• Age Discrimination(p. 468)
• Disabilities Discrimination(p. 468)
• Sexual Orientation Discrimination(p. 470)
• A Case Study: Social Equity Through Social Insurance(p. 471)
• Summary(p. 476)
• Review Questions(p. 476)
• Key Concepts(p. 476)
• Bibliography(p. 477)
• Recommended Books(p. 478)
• Related Web Sites(p. 479)
• Chapter 13 Public Financial Management(p. 480)
• Keynote: Take Me Out to the Ball Game and You Buy the Ticket: Public Stadium Financing(p. 481)
• The Importance of Public Financial Management(p. 483)
• Six Principles(p. 484)
• Balanced Budgets(p. 485)
• The Fiscal Year(p. 486)
• Budgeting Theory and Practice(p. 486)
• The Taft Commission(p. 487)
• The Influence of Keynes(p. 489)
• The Objectives of Budgeting(p. 490)
• The Two Types of Budgets(p. 491)
• Waves of Innovation in Budget Making(p. 491)
• The Executive Budget(p. 492)
• Line-Item Budgeting(p. 493)
• Performance Budgeting(p. 493)
• Program Budgeting Versus Incrementalism(p. 494)
• Zero-Based Budgeting(p. 497)
• Contemporary Budget Reform(p. 498)
• Integrated Budgets(p. 498)
• Multiyear Budget(p. 499)
• Financing Public Expenditure(p. 500)
• Taxation(p. 502)
• The Ability-to-Pay Principle(p. 503)
• The Flat Tax(p. 505)
• User Charges(p. 506)
• Grants(p. 507)
• The Problem of Debt(p. 507)
• Abuse of Public Debt(p. 508)
• Municipal Bonds(p. 508)
• The Rating Agencies(p. 509)
• Bonds, Debt, and Emergency Recovery(p. 510)
• Economic Policy(p. 511)
• Monetary Policy(p. 512)
• Fiscal Policy(p. 513)
• A Case Study: Social Security Reform(p. 514)
• Summary(p. 517)
• Review Questions(p. 518)
• Key Concepts(p. 519)
• Bibliography(p. 519)
• Recommended Books(p. 520)
• Related Web Sites(p. 521)
• Chapter 14 Program Audit and Evaluation(p. 522)
• Keynote: Captain Bligh's Program Evaluation of the Mutiny on the Bounty(p. 522)
• What Is an Audit?(p. 529)
• Multiple Applications(p. 530)
• History of Auditing(p. 531)
• Types of Audit(p. 534)
• Compliance Audit(p. 534)
• Performance Audit(p. 536)
• Internal Audit(p. 537)
• Program Evaluation(p. 538)
• Policy Analysis Is Not Program Evaluation(p. 538)
• Legislative Program Evaluation(p. 540)
• Types of Evaluation(p. 541)
• Evaluation Standards(p. 542)
• Management Control: Evaluation in Microcosm(p. 544)
• Evaluation and the Democratic Process(p. 545)
• A Case Study: Jeremy Bentham, the Philosopher of Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation(p. 546)
• Summary(p. 548)
• Review Questions(p. 549)
• Key Concepts(p. 549)
• Bibliography(p. 550)
• Recommended Books(p. 550)
• Related Web Sites(p. 551)
• Glossary(p. 552)
• Appendix Additional Sources(p. 559)
• Index(p. 560)