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The new edition of Endocrine Physiology offers: Clear, accurate coverage of the physiology of the endocrine system focusing on the needs of the student. Pathophysiology content throughout that serves as a bridge between normal function and disease. Integrated student-friendly tools, including chapter summaries and study questions, key words and concepts, a comprehensive exam, and two extensive tables on normal hormone values and commonly used abbreviations and symbols. Book jacket.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Chapter 1 Introduction to the Endocrine System(p. 1)
• Objectives(p. 1)
• Chemical Nature of Hormones(p. 2)
• Proteins/Peptides(p. 2)
• Catecholamines(p. 4)
• Steroid Hormones(p. 4)
• Thyroid Hormones(p. 7)
• Eicosanoids(p. 8)
• Transport of Hormones in the Circulation(p. 8)
• Cellular Responses to Hormones(p. 9)
• Signalling from Membrane Receptors(p. 13)
• Signalling from Intracellular Receptors(p. 18)
• Hormonal Rhythms(p. 21)
• Summary(p. 22)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 22)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 23)
• Appendix Different Modes of Chemical Signaling(p. 24)
• Chapter 2 The Endocrine Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract(p. 25)
• Objectives(p. 25)
• Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors(p. 27)
• The Regulation of Gastric Function(p. 29)
• Overview of Regulation of Gastric Secretion and Motility(p. 29)
• Gastrin and the Stimulation of Gastric Function(p. 30)
• Inhibition of Gastric Function(p. 32)
• Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gall Bladder(p. 33)
• Secretin(p. 34)
• Cholecystokinin(p. 35)
• Motilin and Stimulation of Gastric and Small Intestinal Contractions During the Interdigestive Period(p. 36)
• The Insulinotropic Actions of GI Peptides (Incretin Action)(p. 37)
• Gastric Inhibitory Peptide/ Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide(p. 38)
• Glucagon-like Peptide-1(p. 38)
• The Enterotropic Actions of GI Hormones(p. 39)
• Gastrin(p. 39)
• Secretin and CCK(p. 39)
• GLP-1(p. 39)
• GLP-2(p. 39)
• Summary(p. 40)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 41)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 41)
• Chapter 3 Energy Metabolism(p. 43)
• Objectives(p. 43)
• Overview of Energy Metabolism(p. 43)
• Cells Must Make ATP to Function and Stay Viable(p. 43)
• Making ATP(p. 44)
• Storage Forms of Energy(p. 47)
• Partial Digestion of VLDL Generates Cholesterol-Rich Low-Density Lipoprotein(p. 50)
• Release of TGs in Adipose Cells(p. 51)
• Protein(p. 51)
• Gluconeogenesis - Making Glucose from Glycerol, Lactate and Amino Acids(p. 51)
• Summary of Key Metabolic Pathways(p. 51)
• Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis(p. 52)
• The Endocrine Pancreas(p. 52)
• Insulin(p. 53)
• Glucagon(p. 57)
• Epinephrine and Norepinephrine(p. 58)
• Metabolic Homeostasis - The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways(p. 58)
• The Fasting-to-Fed State Transition Involves Anabolic Pathways that Store Energy(p. 58)
• Release of Energy During the Interdigestive Period or an Extended Fast(p. 63)
• Diabetes Mellitus(p. 65)
• Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus(p. 68)
• Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus(p. 69)
• Long-Term Sequelae of Diabetes Mellitus(p. 70)
• Problems Associated with Diabetes Management(p. 72)
• Emerging Concepts in Energy Homeostasis: Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ(p. 73)
• Leptin(p. 74)
• Adiponectin(p. 75)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha])(p. 75)
• Summary(p. 76)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 77)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 79)
• Chapter 4 Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis(p. 81)
• Objectives(p. 81)
• Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology(p. 81)
• Physiological Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(p. 82)
• Parathyroid Hormone(p. 82)
• The Parathyroid Glands(p. 82)
• Vitamin D(p. 85)
• The Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi Levels(p. 88)
• Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by the Small Intestine(p. 88)
• Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by Bone(p. 90)
• The Histophysiology of Adult Bone(p. 90)
• Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by the Kidneys(p. 93)
• Integrated Physiologic Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism: Response of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to a Hypocalcemia Challenge(p. 93)
• Pharmacologic Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Calcitonin(p. 95)
• Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Regulators Overexpressed by Cancers(p. 96)
• Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism by Immune/Inflammatory Cells(p. 97)
• Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism by Gonadal and Adrenal Steroid Hormones(p. 97)
• Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance(p. 97)
• Hyperparathyroidism (Primary)(p. 97)
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism(p. 99)
• Hypoparathyroidism(p. 99)
• Vitamin D Deficiency(p. 101)
• Paget's Disease(p. 101)
• Bone Problems of Renal Failure (Renal Osteodystrophy)(p. 101)
• Summary(p. 102)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 103)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 104)
• Chapter 5 The Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex(p. 107)
• Objectives(p. 107)
• Embryology and Anatomy(p. 107)
• The Neurohypophysis(p. 109)
• Synthesis of ADH (Vasopressin) and Oxytocin(p. 110)
• Antidiuretic Hormone(p. 112)
• Oxytocin(p. 116)
• The Adenohypophysis(p. 117)
• The Endocrine Axes(p. 117)
• The Endocrine Function of the Adenohypophysis(p. 121)
• The Corticotrope(p. 121)
• The Thyrotrope(p. 124)
• The Gonadotrope(p. 125)
• The Somatotrope(p. 127)
• Direct Versus Indirect Actions of GH(p. 129)
• Role of Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor, and Insulin in Starvation(p. 131)
• Pathologic Conditions Involving Growth Hormone(p. 131)
• The Lactotrope(p. 133)
• Pathologic Conditions Involving Prolactin(p. 135)
• Hypopituitarism(p. 135)
• Growth(p. 136)
• Summary(p. 137)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 138)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 139)
• Chapter 6 The Thyroid Gland(p. 141)
• Objectives(p. 141)
• Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid(p. 141)
• Thyroid Hormones(p. 141)
• Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones(p. 142)
• Thyroid Hormone Secretion(p. 145)
• Compounds Altering Thyroid Hormone Synthesis(p. 146)
• Thyroid Hormone Transport(p. 146)
• Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones(p. 147)
• Control of Thyroid Function(p. 148)
• Control Mechanisms(p. 148)
• Perturbations of Control System(p. 149)
• Mechanisms of Hormone Action(p. 150)
• Thyroid Hormone Receptors(p. 150)
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor(p. 150)
• Actions of Thyroid Hormones(p. 151)
• Maturational and Differentational Effects(p. 151)
• Neurologic Effects(p. 151)
• Effects on Growth(p. 152)
• Metabolic Actions(p. 152)
• Actions Mimicking Sympathetic Nervous System Activity(p. 153)
• Actions on Skeletal Muscle(p. 154)
• Actions on Cardiovascular System(p. 154)
• Pathologic Conditions Involving the Thyroid(p. 154)
• Hypothyroidism(p. 154)
• Hyperthyroidism(p. 157)
• Thyroiditis(p. 159)
• Summary(p. 159)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 160)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 160)
• Appendix Laboratory Data on Thyroid Function(p. 161)
• Chapter 7 The Adrenal Gland(p. 163)
• Objectives(p. 163)
• Anatomy(p. 163)
• Adrenal Medulla(p. 164)
• Synthesis of Epinephrine(p. 164)
• Mechanism of Action of Catecholamines(p. 166)
• Physiological Actions of Adrenomedullary Catecholamines(p. 167)
• Metabolism of Catecholamines(p. 168)
• Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Medulla(p. 170)
• Adrenal Cortex(p. 170)
• Zona Fasciculata(p. 170)
• The Zona Fasciculata Makes Cortisol(p. 170)
• Transport and Metabolism of Cortisol(p. 175)
• Mechanism of Action of Cortisol(p. 175)
• Physiologic Actions of Cortisol(p. 175)
• Regulation of Cortisol Production(p. 178)
• Zona Reticularis(p. 179)
• The Zona Reticularis Makes Adrenal Androgens(p. 179)
• Metabolism and Fate DHEAS and DHEA(p. 180)
• Physiologic Actions of Adrenal Androgens(p. 180)
• Regulation of Zona Reticularis Function(p. 182)
• Zona Glomerulosa(p. 182)
• The Zona Glomerulosa Makes Aldosterone(p. 182)
• Transport and Metabolism of Aldosterone(p. 183)
• Mechanism of Aldosterone Action(p. 183)
• Physiologic Actions of Aldosterone(p. 183)
• Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion(p. 187)
• Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex(p. 188)
• Adrenocortical Insufficiency(p. 188)
• Adrenocortical Excess(p. 188)
• Summary(p. 191)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 192)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 194)
• Chapter 8 The Male Reproductive System(p. 197)
• Objectives(p. 197)
• Histophysiology of the Testis(p. 198)
• The Intratubular Compartment(p. 199)
• The Peritubular Compartment(p. 204)
• Fates and Actions of Androgens(p. 204)
• Intratesticular Androgen(p. 204)
• Peripheral Conversion to Estrogen(p. 204)
• Peripheral Conversion to DHT(p. 204)
• Peripheral Testosterone Actions(p. 206)
• Mechanism of Androgen Action(p. 206)
• Transport and Metabolism of Androgens(p. 207)
• Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis(p. 207)
• Regulation of Leydig Cell Function(p. 207)
• Regulation of Sertoli Cell Function(p. 207)
• The Male Reproductive Tract(p. 208)
• Development of the Male Reproductive System(p. 211)
• Puberty and Senescence(p. 214)
• Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System(p. 217)
• Summary(p. 219)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 220)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 222)
• Chapter 9 The Female Reproductive System(p. 223)
• Objectives(p. 223)
• Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary(p. 225)
• Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle(p. 226)
• Resting Primordial Follicle(p. 226)
• Growing Preantral Follicles(p. 228)
• Growing Antral Follicles(p. 228)
• Dominant Follicle(p. 230)
• The Dominant Follicle During the Periovulatory Period(p. 231)
• The Corpus Luteum(p. 234)
• Follicular Atresia(p. 236)
• Follicular Development and the Monthly Menstrual Cycle(p. 236)
• Regulation of Late Follicular Development, Ovulation, and Luteinization: The Human Menstrual Cycle(p. 236)
• The Female Reproductive Tract(p. 239)
• The Oviduct(p. 239)
• The Uterus(p. 241)
• The Cervix(p. 245)
• The Vagina(p. 246)
• The External Genitalia(p. 246)
• Biology of Estradiol-17[Beta] and Progesterone(p. 247)
• Mechanisms of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormone Action(p. 247)
• Biological Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone(p. 248)
• Transport and Metabolism of Ovarian Steroids(p. 248)
• The Ontogeny of the Female Reproductive System(p. 249)
• Development of the Female Reproductive Tract(p. 249)
• Puberty(p. 249)
• Menopause(p. 250)
• Ovarian Pathophysiology(p. 251)
• Turner Syndrome(p. 251)
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(p. 251)
• Summary(p. 253)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 254)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 256)
• Chapter 10 Fertilization and Pregnancy(p. 259)
• Objectives(p. 259)
• Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation & Placentation(p. 259)
• Synchronization with Maternal Ovarian and Reproductive Tract Function(p. 259)
• Fertilization(p. 261)
• Early Embryogenesis and Implantation(p. 264)
• Structure of Mature Placenta(p. 266)
• The Endocrine Function of the Placenta(p. 271)
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(p. 272)
• Progesterone(p. 272)
• Estrogen(p. 274)
• Human Placental Lactogen(p. 274)
• Other Placental Hormones(p. 276)
• Placental Transport(p. 276)
• The Fetal Endocrine System(p. 277)
• Pancreas(p. 277)
• Parathyroid Gland(p. 277)
• Pituitary Gland(p. 277)
• Thyroid Gland(p. 277)
• Adrenal Gland(p. 278)
• Testes and Ovaries(p. 278)
• Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy(p. 278)
• Pituitary Gland(p. 278)
• Thyroid Gland(p. 279)
• Adrenal Gland(p. 279)
• Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy(p. 279)
• Cardiovascular Changes(p. 279)
• Respiratory Changes(p. 280)
• Renal Changes(p. 280)
• Gastrointestinal Changes(p. 281)
• Diabetogenicity of Pregnancy(p. 281)
• Parturition(p. 281)
• Placental Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and the Fetal Adrenal Axis(p. 281)
• Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion(p. 282)
• Oxytocin(p. 282)
• Prostaglandins(p. 282)
• Uterine Size(p. 282)
• Mammogenesis and Lactation(p. 282)
• Structure of the Mammary Gland(p. 282)
• Hormonal Regulation of Mammary Gland Development(p. 283)
• Contraception(p. 285)
• Behavioral and Mechanical Approaches(p. 285)
• Oral Contraceptives(p. 285)
• Hormonal Treatment for Emergency Contraception and Abortion(p. 286)
• In Vitro Fertilization(p. 286)
• Summary(p. 287)
• Key Words and Concepts(p. 288)
• Self-Study Problems(p. 290)