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Explains the procedural aspects of the criminal justice system systematically, making the concepts easy to apply to any state's specific procedural laws. This edition continues its detailed coverage of the Exclusionary Rule and the Miranda procedures, includes compelling human-interest stories and offers more balanced coverage of consensual encounter, detention and arrest. Examines procedures systematically, beginning from the point of an individual's first contact with police, through the law enforcement process, the courts, the correctional system, and back into the community on probation or parole.   Defines terms and helps readers develop fluency in the legalese that is used by professionals in the field.  It is ideal for those new to criminal procedures because its writing is clear, its appellate excerpts and citations are understandable, and it introduces unfamiliar concepts and terms before they are discussed within the chapter.

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• Preface(p. xix)
• Acknowledgments(p. xxiii)
• 1 Criminal Procedures in Perspective(p. 1)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 1)
• Introduction(p. 1)
• A Brief History of Selected Procedures(p. 3)
• Role of the Sheriff(p. 3)
• Early Methods of Trial(p. 3)
• The Norman Conquest(p. 4)
• The State Becomes the Victim(p. 5)
• A Court Structure and Procedures Emerge(p. 6)
• Common Law(p. 7)
• The Doctrine of Precedent(p. 7)
• Defense Counsel(p. 8)
• The Magna Carta(p. 8)
• A Court Structure Is Completed(p. 9)
• The Bill of Rights-1791(p. 10)
• Summary(p. 11)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 12)
• Internet References(p. 12)
• Case Decisions(p. 12)
• 2 Fundamental Concepts of Law(p. 13)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 13)
• Introduction(p. 13)
• Types of Crimes(p. 14)
• Crime(p. 14)
• Elements of a Crime(p. 14)
• Degrees of Crime(p. 15)
• Enhancements(p. 16)
• Mala En Se Versus Mala Prohibita Crimes(p. 17)
• Types of Laws(p. 17)
• Substantive Law(p. 17)
• Procedural Law(p. 17)
• Statutory Law(p. 18)
• Case Law(p. 18)
• Procedural Versus Substantive Law(p. 18)
• The Social Contract(p. 19)
• The USA Patriot Act of 2001(p. 21)
• Parties to a Crime(p. 22)
• Degrees of Proof(p. 23)
• Reasonable Suspicion(p. 24)
• Probable Cause(p. 24)
• Preponderance of Evidence(p. 24)
• Clear and Convincing Evidence(p. 25)
• Beyond a Reasonable Doubt(p. 25)
• Ex Post Facto and Retroactive Laws(p. 25)
• Jurisdiction and Venue(p. 25)
• Corpus Delicti(p. 26)
• Independent State Grounds(p. 26)
• Summary(p. 26)
• Issues for Discussions(p. 28)
• References(p. 28)
• Internet References(p. 28)
• 3 The Exclusionary Rule(p. 30)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 30)
• Introduction(p. 30)
• The Exclusionary Rule(p. 31)
• Cases Leading to the Exclusionary Rule(p. 32)
• Weeks v. United States, 1914(p. 32)
• Wolf v. Colorado, 1949(p. 33)
• Mapp v. Ohio, 1961(p. 34)
• Exceptions to the Rule(p. 38)
• The Inevitable Discovery Exception(p. 39)
• The Public Safety Exception(p. 43)
• The Good Faith Exception(p. 45)
• Summary(p. 48)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 49)
• References(p. 49)
• Internet References(p. 49)
• Case Decisions(p. 50)
• 4 Police-Citizen Contacts: Consensual Encounters and Detentions(p. 51)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 51)
• Introduction(p. 51)
• Police-Citizen Transactions(p. 52)
• Consensual Encounter(p. 52)
• Consent Search(p. 53)
• Detention(p. 53)
• Detention Factors(p. 56)
• Consensual Encounter Versus Detention(p. 58)
• Consent Searches Revisited(p. 59)
• Investigative Car Stops(p. 60)
• Pretext Carstop Detentions(p. 60)
• Warrant Checks During Traffic Stops(p. 60)
• Probable Cause Searches During Traffic Stops(p. 60)
• Sobriety, Border, and Informational Checkpoints(p. 61)
• Racial Profiling(p. 64)
• Summary(p. 65)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 65)
• References(p. 66)
• Internet References(p. 66)
• Case Decisions(p. 66)
• 5 The Laws and Procedures of Arrest(p. 68)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 68)
• Introduction(p. 68)
• The Arrest(p. 69)
• Peace Officer's Authority to Arrest(p. 69)
• Reasonable/Probable Cause(p. 70)
• Exceptions to the Requirement of PC in Misdemeanor Arrests(p. 70)
• Probable Cause Versus Reasonable Suspicion(p. 71)
• Arrests by Warrant(p. 73)
• Private Person Arrest(p. 75)
• In-Field Showup or Drive-by(p. 75)
• Requesting Help When Arresting(p. 76)
• Acceptance by Police of Private Person Arrest(p. 76)
• Informing the Person Arrested(p. 76)
• Effecting an Arrest with Force(p. 77)
• Abuse of Authority by a Peace Officer(p. 77)
• Entry for an Arrest: Knock-and-Notice Requirements(p. 78)
• Fresh Pursuit(p. 81)
• Resisting Arrest(p. 81)
• Interfering with an Officer(p. 81)
• Exceptions to Peace Officer Powers of Arrest(p. 82)
• Delivery of a Person after Arrest(p. 83)
• Release Procedures without a Charge after Arrest(p. 83)
• Summary(p. 84)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 84)
• Reference(p. 84)
• Internet References(p. 85)
• Case Decisions(p. 85)
• 6 Miranda: Its Meaning and Application(p. 86)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 86)
• Introduction(p. 86)
• Forerunners to Miranda(p. 87)
• Prompt Arraignment Cases(p. 87)
• The On-the-Spot Counsel Case(p. 88)
• The Miranda Case(p. 90)
• Miranda v. Arizona, 1966(p. 90)
• The Meaning of Miranda(p. 92)
• The Miranda Warning(p. 93)
• The Beheler Admonition(p. 96)
• More on Miranda(p. 97)
• When Miranda Is Not Required(p. 98)
• The Reaffirmation of Miranda(p. 98)
• Miranda in Juvenile Cases(p. 100)
• Miranda in Federal Juvenile Cases(p. 101)
• Summary(p. 102)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 102)
• References(p. 102)
• Internet References(p. 103)
• Case Decisions(p. 103)
• 7 Booking and Jail Custody Procedures(p. 105)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 105)
• Introduction(p. 106)
• The Jail Population(p. 106)
• Custody(p. 107)
• Booking(p. 107)
• Validating the Legality of the Arrest(p. 108)
• Medical Prescreening of Arrested Persons(p. 109)
• Prisoners' Rights to Phone Calls(p. 109)
• Soliciting for Attorneys or Bail Bond People(p. 110)
• Required Visits for Inmates(p. 110)
• Cite-and-Release Program Procedures(p. 110)
• Classification(p. 111)
• Separation by Class and Gender(p. 111)
• Separation by Gang Affiliation(p. 112)
• Separation for Inmate Safety(p. 112)
• Detention Searches(p. 113)
• Patdown and Metal Detector Searches(p. 113)
• Strip and Body Cavity Searches(p. 113)
• Treatment of Prisoners by Peace Officers(p. 114)
• Weapons Control in Jails(p. 115)
• Summary(p. 115)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 116)
• References(p. 116)
• Internet References(p. 117)
• 8 The Adversary System: Roles of the Prosecution and Defense(p. 118)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 118)
• Introduction(p. 118)
• The Prosecution of Criminal Cases(p. 119)
• The Prosecuting Attorney(p. 119)
• Enhancements(p. 120)
• Factors to Consider in Charging(p. 120)
• Traditional Versus Vertical Prosecution(p. 122)
• Counsel for the Defense(p. 122)
• Role of a Defense Attorney(p. 122)
• The Right to Counsel Cases(p. 123)
• Types of Defense Representation(p. 127)
• Private Counsel(p. 127)
• Public Defender(p. 127)
• Contract Counsel System(p. 128)
• Self-Representation(p. 128)
• The Conflict Attorney(p. 128)
• Pretrial Motions(p. 129)
• Motion for Discovery(p. 129)
• Present Sanity Motion(p. 129)
• Motion to Consolidate(p. 130)
• Motion for Severance(p. 130)
• The Kelly-Frye Motion(p. 130)
• The Pitchess Motion(p. 130)
• Change of Venue Motion(p. 130)
• Motion to Quash Inflammatory Evidence(p. 131)
• Motion to Compel Exemplars(p. 131)
• Summary(p. 131)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 132)
• References(p. 132)
• Case Decisions(p. 133)
• 9 The Court Structure and Pretrial Procedures(p. 134)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 134)
• Introduction(p. 135)
• The Federal Courts(p. 135)
• The U.S. Supreme Court(p. 135)
• The U.S. Courts of Appeals(p. 136)
• The Federal Trial Courts(p. 136)
• The Structure of the State Courts(p. 138)
• The State Supreme Court(p. 138)
• The Courts of Appeals(p. 138)
• The Felony Trial Courts(p. 140)
• The Lower Trial Courts(p. 142)
• The Court Consolidation Model(p. 142)
• The Accusatory Pleadings(p. 143)
• The Complaint Process(p. 143)
• Arraignment(p. 144)
• The Defendant's Response to the Charges(p. 144)
• Bail and OR Investigations(p. 145)
• The Preliminary Hearing(p. 147)
• The Information(p. 148)
• The Grand Jury Process(p. 149)
• The Preplea Referral(p. 150)
• Plea Bargaining(p. 151)
• Alternatives to Prosecution(p. 152)
• Diversion(p. 152)
• Deferred Judgment Cases(p. 154)
• Summary(p. 154)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 155)
• References(p. 155)
• Internet References(p. 155)
• Case Decision(p. 155)
• 10 Trial Procedures(p. 156)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 156)
• Introduction(p. 156)
• Trial Preparation(p. 157)
• A Speedy and Public Trial(p. 157)
• Challenging the Judge(p. 158)
• The Selection of Jurors(p. 158)
• The Venire List(p. 159)
• The Jury Size(p. 159)
• Qualifying the Jurors: The Voir Dire Process(p. 160)
• Challenging the Prospective Juror(p. 161)
• The Gag Order(p. 161)
• Scientific Jury Selection(p. 162)
• A Court Trial(p. 163)
• Let the Trial Begin(p. 164)
• The Attachment of Jeopardy(p. 165)
• The Prosecutor's Case-in-Chief(p. 165)
• Summary(p. 171)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 172)
• References(p. 172)
• Internet References(p. 172)
• Case Decisions(p. 172)
• 11 Defense Strategies and Trial Outcomes(p. 174)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 174)
• Introduction(p. 174)
• Defense Strategies(p. 175)
• A Motion for a Direct Verdict(p. 175)
• Not Guilty by the Evidence(p. 175)
• Guilty but to Some Lesser Charge(p. 176)
• Not Guilty Because of Legal Justification(p. 176)
• Testimony by the Defendant(p. 177)
• Conclusions of the Trial(p. 178)
• The Rebuttal(p. 178)
• The Closing Arguments(p. 178)
• Instructions to the Jury(p. 178)
• Jury Deliberation(p. 179)
• Polling the Jury(p. 180)
• Unanimous Versus Nonunanimous Verdicts(p. 180)
• Another Motion for a Direct Verdict(p. 181)
• Summary(p. 181)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 181)
• References(p. 182)
• Internet References(p. 182)
• Case Decisions(p. 182)
• 12 Sentencing Procedures and Alternatives(p. 183)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 183)
• Introduction(p. 183)
• The Sentencing Process(p. 184)
• The Goals of Sentencing(p. 184)
• Sentencing Laws(p. 185)
• The Mandatory Sentence Law(p. 185)
• The Indeterminate Sentence Law(p. 185)
• The Determinate Sentence Law(p. 186)
• The Pre-Sentencing Process(p. 187)
• The Presentence Report(p. 187)
• The Sentencing Hearing(p. 188)
• Sentencing Options(p. 188)
• The Grant of Probation(p. 189)
• The Terms of Probation(p. 189)
• Types of Probation(p. 190)
• Conditions of Probation(p. 191)
• Probation Searches(p. 191)
• Police Searches of Probationers(p. 193)
• Modification of Probation Orders(p. 194)
• Violations of Probation(p. 194)
• Record Expungement(p. 195)
• Federal Sentencing Procedures(p. 196)
• The Federal Sentencing Commission(p. 196)
• Federal Sentencing Guidelines(p. 196)
• Results of the Guidelines(p. 197)
• Summary(p. 197)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 198)
• References(p. 198)
• Internet References(p. 198)
• Case Decisions(p. 199)
• 13 Post-Sentencing Procedures(p. 200)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 200)
• Introduction(p. 200)
• Misdemeanor Cases(p. 201)
• The Misdemeanor Sentence(p. 201)
• County Parole(p. 201)
• Felony Cases(p. 202)
• Reviewing Felony Prison Sentences(p. 202)
• The Boards of Parole(p. 202)
• Parole Procedures(p. 203)
• Discretionary Release(p. 204)
• Mandatory Release(p. 204)
• Parole Conditions(p. 205)
• Sexually Violent Predator Laws(p. 205)
• Police Searches of Parolees(p. 207)
• Parole Revocation Procedures(p. 209)
• Sex Offender Registration(p. 209)
• The Death Penalty(p. 212)
• A Brief History of the Death Penalty(p. 212)
• Writs and the Appellate Process(p. 214)
• Writ of Certiorari(p. 215)
• Writ of Habeas Corpus(p. 215)
• Writ of Mandamus(p. 215)
• Writ of Prohibition(p. 215)
• Executive Clemency(p. 216)
• Pardon(p. 216)
• Reprieve(p. 216)
• Commutation(p. 217)
• Amnesty(p. 217)
• Indemnification(p. 217)
• Summary(p. 218)
• Issues for Discussion(p. 218)
• References(p. 218)
• Internet References(p. 219)
• Case Decisions(p. 219)
• Subject Index(p. 221)
• Case Index(p. 225)