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Since the 1980s, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened - a winner-loser culture has emerged. Marshalling the most up-to-date research on crime and violence, both nationally and internationally, and linking it to trends in social, familial and economic dysfunction caused by deprivation, Oliver James shows how inequality serves to provide the breeding ground for violence and the conditions by which it is perpetuated.

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CHOICE Review

James has carefully examined juvenile crimes against person, and offers a logical and supported explanation for this alarming phenomenon. The author investigated the significant rise in personal violence since 1987 in England and Wales, with comparisons to factors and events found in the US. Starting with a basic thesis, i.e., delinquency results from life in lower-class culture, James systematically reviewed available research. He argues that socioeconomic policies have fostered an abusive/neglectful malevolence in lower-class families that affects boys' growth and development. Supporting the finding that aggressive boys become violent men, his study carefully unfolds the family structure, culture, and parenting dynamics, along with related psychological characteristics that result in juvenile violence. Alternative causes receive rigorous comparisons with available research to determine their contributions to the explanation of violent acts. James also notes the differences in drug-related crime between the US and Britain. Although the discussion of the research literature is technical, James's organizational approach and absence of jargon make for clear, understandable conclusions. Some major US studies are not cited. Good bibliography. Upper-division undergraduates and above. J. H. Larson University of North Dakota