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Preserving electronic information presents a new challenge for librarians, archivists and others. This step-by-step guide shows how to apply best practices recommended by experts and covers the nature of digital information, media fragility, technical obsolescence and many other useful topics.

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• List of Figures(p. ix)
• List of Tables(p. xi)
• Preface(p. xiii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xvii)
• 1 Digital Information: The Preservation Challenge(p. 1)
• Preserving(p. 2)
• Digital(p. 3)
• Information(p. 4)
• The Preservation Challenge(p. 5)
• A Framework for Digital Preservation(p. 7)
• Conclusion(p. 10)
• 2 The Nature of Digital Information(p. 15)
• Digital Representation(p. 15)
• Representing Numbers(p. 16)
• Representing Text(p. 18)
• Representing Images(p. 19)
• Representing Sound(p. 20)
• Representing Instructions(p. 21)
• Physical Media(p. 21)
• Magnetic Media(p. 22)
• Optical Media(p. 27)
• Conclusion(p. 31)
• 3 Recent Research in Electronic Records and Digital Preservation(p. 33)
• University of British Columbia(p. 33)
• U.S. Department of Defense(p. 35)
• Uniform Electronic Transactions Act(p. 37)
• University of Pittsburgh(p. 38)
• Universal Preservation Format(p. 41)
• Rand Corporation(p. 42)
• Digital Library Federation(p. 44)
• InterPARES(p. 45)
• Domain I Conceptual Requirements for Preserving Authentic Electronic Records(p. 46)
• Domain II Appraisal Criteria and Methodology for Authentic Electronic Records(p. 47)
• Domain III Methodologies for Preserving Authentic Electronic Records(p. 47)
• Domain IV A Framework for Developing Policies, Strategies, and Standards(p. 48)
• Conclusion(p. 48)
• 4 Storage, Handling, and Preservation Best Practices(p. 53)
• Deterioration of Magnetic Media(p. 54)
• Magnetic Particle Instabilities(p. 54)
• Substrate Deformation(p. 54)
• Binder Degradation(p. 54)
• Optical Media(p. 55)
• Recommended Storage(p. 55)
• Proper Care and Handling(p. 57)
• Preservation File Formats(p. 60)
• HTML(p. 60)
• XML(p. 61)
• PDF(p. 61)
• Format Summary(p. 61)
• Other Preservation Best Practices(p. 63)
• European Union(p. 63)
• State of New York(p. 66)
• Australian Archives(p. 68)
• Victoria Public Records Office(p. 75)
• Conclusion(p. 76)
• 5 Electronic Mail and Web Pages(p. 79)
• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)(p. 79)
• Basic Principles(p. 81)
• System Selection and Implementation(p. 82)
• Administrative Considerations(p. 82)
• Web Pages(p. 84)
• Definitions(p. 84)
• What Should We Preserve?(p. 85)
• Preservation Strategies(p. 90)
• Conclusion(p. 93)
• 6 Digital Imaging and Preservation(p. 95)
• What is Digital Imaging?(p. 95)
• Categories of Images(p. 95)
• Scanning Types(p. 96)
• Advantages and Disadvantages(p. 97)
• Technical Considerations in Implementing an Imaging System(p. 98)
• Underlying Principles(p. 98)
• Selection Criteria(p. 101)
• Image Quality(p. 103)
• The Hybrid Strategy(p. 104)
• Digital Imaging and the Preservation Program(p. 106)
• In-House vs. Outsourcing(p. 106)
• Conclusion(p. 109)
• 7 Preserving the Information System(p. 113)
• Five Assumptions about Archival and Preservation Programs(p. 113)
• Assumption 1 Digital Preservation Will Never Be the Top Priority(p. 114)
• Assumption 2 We Will Never Have Sufficient Resources to Do Things the Ideal Way(p. 115)
• Assumption 3 If Employees Did a Poor Job Managing Paper, We Should Expect the Same with Electronic Records(p. 115)
• Assumption 4 Long-Term Plans Won't Sell(p. 116)
• Assumption 5 We Will Not Have the Cutting-Edge Information Technology Available in Other Organizations or Elsewhere in Our Own Organization(p. 117)
• Strategic Decisions(p. 117)
• Decision 1 "Go It Alone" vs. "Work Cooperatively"(p. 118)
• Decision 2 "Think Small" vs. "Think Big"(p. 118)
• Decision 3 "System Design" vs. "Legacy Systems"(p. 119)
• Decision 4 "Identify the Valuable" vs. "Destroy the Worthless"(p. 120)
• Decision 5 "Evidential Value" vs. "Informational Value"(p. 121)
• Decision 6 "Custodial Archives" vs. "Noncustodial Archives"(p. 122)
• Decision 7 "Media Preservation" vs. "Content Preservation"(p. 122)
• Decision 8 "Keep Digital" vs. "Transfer to Analog"(p. 123)
• Decision 9 "Audit Compliance" vs. "Don't Audit"(p. 124)
• Decision 10 "Employee Education" vs. "Leave Them Alone"(p. 124)
• Seven-Step Approach to Implementing the Strategic Decisions(p. 125)
• Step 1 Understand the Organizational Context(p. 125)
• Step 2 Determine the Role of the Archives or Preservation Department(p. 127)
• Step 3 Define Issues and Concerns(p. 128)
• Step 4 Identify Partners(p. 129)
• Step 5 Design Pilot Projects(p. 129)
• Step 6 Test Approaches and Solutions(p. 130)
• Step 7 Roll Out the Program to the Entire Organization(p. 131)
• Conclusion(p. 132)
• Selected List of Sources(p. 135)
• Index(p. 165)
• About the Author(p. 169)

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Library Journal Review

In the rush to digitize information, the question of how to preserve these new electronic formats has too often been ignored or overshadowed by the media hype. Although it addresses this question, Preserving Digital Information, strictly speaking, is not a practical "how-to-do-it" manual since there are no definitive answers on what to do with digital media. Rather, it is a summary of the current state of digital preservation theory. Hunter (Palmer SLIS, Long Island Univ.), a certified records manager and archivist and author of Developing and Maintaining Practical Archives: A How-To-Do-It Manual (Professional Media, LJ 6/15/97), does include guidelines regarding temperature, humidity, and the handling of digital materials on disks, networks, CD-ROMS, etc., but the heart of the matter remains "migrating" electronic records, which involves the writing of special software programs. The engaging alternative is to maintain obsolete software on obsolete hardware so that the original documents can still be read. This latter approach may be feasible only for the Smithsonian or for some of this reviewer's noble geek friends, who actually maintain this old junk in good working order. Hunter's manual, with its very extensive bibliography of sources, is not for everyone. The broad suggestions Hunter posits only make sense for an institution that has substantial/important digital information to lose and that has a responsive technical support system in place. Still, this is a book worth consulting, as necessary, on a vital issue that will not go away.DBarry Chad, Carnegie Lib. of Pittsburgh (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.