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Superconductivity has become one of the most intensely studied physical phenomena of our times, with tremendous potential to revolutionize fields as diverse as computing and transportation. This book describes the methods, established results, and recent advances in the field. The goal is to present recently developed theoretical models in light of the long-sought aim of achieving the effect at very high temperatures. The book includes a detailed review of various mechanisms, including phononic, magnetic, and electronic models. The authors focus on the phenomenon of induced superconductivity in the high-temperature oxides, particularly the high-transition-temperature cuprates. They also discuss a variety of low-temperature superconducting systems in conventional materials and organics. The book links the crucial experiments with the most current theories, offering a unified description of the phenomenon. All researchers (and graduate-level) students involved with work in superconductivity will find this an invaluable resource, including solid-state and condensed-matter physicists and chemists, and materials scientists.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• 1. Introduction(p. 3)
• 1.1 Major goals(p. 3)
• 1.2 Historical perspective(p. 4)
• 2. Phonon Mechanism(p. 6)
• 2.1 Electron-phonon interaction(p. 6)
• 2.1.1 The Hamiltonian(p. 6)
• 2.1.2 Adiabatic approximation. "Crude" approach(p. 7)
• 2.1.3 Electron-phonon coupling(p. 10)
• 2.1.4 Superconductivity as a nonadiabatic phenomenon(p. 13)
• 2.2 Eliashberg equations. Superconductors with strong coupling(p. 14)
• 2.2.1 Self-energy parts(p. 14)
• 2.2.2 General properties of the Eliashberg equations(p. 17)
• 2.3 Critical temperature(p. 20)
• 2.3.1 Weak coupling(p. 20)
• 2.3.2 Intermediate coupling ([lambda] [less-than, similar] 1.5)(p. 22)
• 2.3.3 Coulomb interaction(p. 24)
• 2.3.4 Very strong coupling(p. 25)
• 2.3.5 General case(p. 27)
• 2.4 Properties of superconductors with strong coupling(p. 30)
• 2.5 Electron-phonon interaction and renormalization of normal parameters(p. 34)
• 2.6 Nonlinear electron-phonon interactions(p. 37)
• 2.6.1 Phonon dynamics of perovskites(p. 37)
• 2.6.2 Anharmonicity(p. 39)
• 2.6.3 Bipolaronic superconductivity and negative Hubbard U-models(p. 41)
• 2.7 Isotope effect(p. 42)
• 3. Experimental Methods(p. 44)
• 3.1 Tunneling spectroscopy(p. 44)
• 3.1.1 Experimental methods(p. 44)
• 3.1.2 Energy gap and transition temperature(p. 46)
• 3.1.3 Inversion of the gap equation and [alpha superscript 2]F([Omega])(p. 48)
• 3.1.4 Electron-phonon coupling parameter [lambda](p. 50)
• 3.2 Infrared spectroscopy(p. 52)
• 3.3 Ultrasonic attenuation(p. 54)
• 3.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance(p. 55)
• 4. Electronic Mechanisms(p. 58)
• 4.1 The Little model(p. 58)
• 4.2 "Sandwich" excitonic mechanism(p. 61)
• 4.3 Excitons and high T[subscript c](p. 61)
• 4.4 Three-dimensional systems(p. 62)
• 4.4.1 Pairing of conduction electrons via interaction with localized states(p. 62)
• 4.4.2 Two delocalized groups(p. 63)
• 4.5 Negative U-centers(p. 64)
• 4.6 Plasmons(p. 65)
• 4.6.1 Overlapping bands. "Demons"(p. 65)
• 4.6.2 Two-dimensional electron gas(p. 68)
• 4.7 Coexistence of phonon and electronic mechanisms(p. 68)
• 5. Magnetic Mechanisms(p. 71)
• 5.1 Introduction(p. 71)
• 5.1.1 Localized vs. itinerant aspects of the cuprates(p. 72)
• 5.2 Fermi liquid-based theories(p. 75)
• 5.2.1 The spin bag model of Schrieffer, Wen, and Zhang(p. 75)
• 5.2.2 The t-J model(p. 78)
• 5.2.3 Two-dimensional Hubbard model studies by Monte Carlo techniques(p. 83)
• 5.2.4 Spiral phase of a doped quantum antiferromagnet(p. 92)
• 5.2.5 Slave bosons(p. 97)
• 5.3 Non-Fermi-liquid models(p. 100)
• 5.3.1 The resonant valence bond (RVB) model and its evolution(p. 100)
• 5.3.2 Anyon models and fractional statistics(p. 101)
• 5.4 Conclusions(p. 102)
• 6. Induced Superconductivity(p. 103)
• 6.1 Two-band model(p. 103)
• 6.1.1 General description(p. 103)
• 6.1.2 Critical temperature(p. 104)
• 6.1.3 Two-gap spectrum and properties of superconductors(p. 106)
• 6.1.4 Induced two-band superconductivity(p. 107)
• 6.2 Proximity effect(p. 108)
• 6.2.1 Proximity "sandwich"(p. 108)
• 6.2.2 Critical temperature. Induced energy gap(p. 109)
• 6.3 Proximity effect vs. the two-gap model(p. 112)
• 6.4 Layered systems. General case(p. 113)
• 6.4.1 Hamiltonian. General equations(p. 113)
• 6.4.2 Critical temperature(p. 116)
• 6.4.3 Spectroscopy(p. 123)
• 6.4.4 Magnetic impurities. Gapless induced superconductivity(p. 125)
• 6.4.5 Major parameters(p. 126)
• 6.4.6 Conventional superconductors(p. 126)
• 7. High T[subscript c] Cuprates(p. 128)
• 7.1 Introduction(p. 128)
• 7.2 Normal properties(p. 129)
• 7.2.1 One-particle excitations(p. 129)
• 7.2.2 Collective excitations(p. 133)
• 7.3 Superconducting properties(p. 137)
• 7.3.1 Coherence length(p. 137)
• 7.3.2 The ratio [varepsilon](0)/E[subscript F](p. 138)
• 7.3.3 Critical behavior(p. 138)
• 7.3.4 Positron annihilation(p. 139)
• 7.3.5 Electromagnetic properties(p. 140)
• 7.4 Induced superconducting state and two-gap structure(p. 142)
• 7.4.1 Two-gap structure. Coherence lengths(p. 143)
• 7.4.2 Oxygen depletion and the gapless state(p. 144)
• 7.4.3 Bi- and Tl-based cuprates(p. 146)
• 7.5 Origin of high T[subscript c](p. 146)
• 7.5.1 Determination of carrier--phonon coupling parameter(p. 147)
• 7.5.2 Critical temperature(p. 149)
• 7.5.3 Discussion(p. 150)
• 7.6 Key experiments(p. 151)
• 7.6.1 Normal properties(p. 151)
• 7.6.2 Superconducting properties(p. 153)
• 7.6.3 Properties as a function of doping(p. 156)
• 7.7 Organics vs. cuprates(p. 159)
• 7.7.1 Why is T[subscript c] still so low in the organics?(p. 159)
• 7.7.2 Superconducting fullerenes(p. 161)
• 7.8 Future directions(p. 164)
• References(p. 166)
• Index(p. 179)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Vladimir Z. Kresin is at University of California, Berkeley. Hans Morawitz is at IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose.