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    <subfield code="a">Freehand Drawing 11-- 
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FREEHAND DRAWING 12 --
Distinctions and terms 12 --
Design medium 14 --
Instrument of communication 15 --
Perception 16 --
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 18 --
Drawing substrates 18 --
Lines and the instruments for drawing them 26 --
Surfaces and the instruments for drawing them 36 --
Special instruments used in architectural design 47 --
FREEHAND DRAWING IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 49 --
Drawing types 49 --
Indicators of scale 65 --
Continuing the design 69 --
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING ON SITE 71 --
Drawing types 71 --
Perspective drawing 74 --
Aids 82 --
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 89 --
As-built drawing 89 --
Digitalisation and image editing 89 --
IN CONCLUSION 94 --
Technical Drawing 97 --
PROJECTION TYPES 99 --
Top view (or roof plan) 99 --
Plan view 99 --
Elevation 100 --
Section 100 --
Three-dimensional views 102 --
PRINCIPLES OF REPRESENTATION 104 --
Aids 104 --
Paper formats and paper types 106 --
Scale 108 --
Lines 109 --
Hatching 111 --
Labelling 112 --
Dimensioning 114 --
PLANNING STAGES 120 --
Determining basics 120 --
Preliminary design drawing 120 --
Presentation plans 129 --
Design planning 132 --
Planning permission 140 --
Working plans 142 --
Specialist planning 153 --
PLAN PRESENTATION 156 --
Plan composition 156 --
Plan header 156 --
Plan distribution 158 --
Detail Drawing 163 --
INTRODUCTION 165 --
BASICS AND REQUIREMENTS 166 --
Explanation of terms, and their use in detail drawings 166 --
General requirements for a detail drawing 167 --
Specific Requirements 172 --
Timing within the Design Process 173 --
Work Processes 173 --
COMPONENTS OF DETAIL DRAWINGS 174 --
Lines 174--
Hatching 175 --
Pattern lines 180 --
Inserting dimensions 181 --
Annotations 186 --
Annotation systems 190 --
PREPARATION 193 --
Selection of area to be detailed 193 --
Forms of representation 195 --
Defining the area to be represented 200 --
Selecting the scale of the drawing 200 --
EXAMPLE OF THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING A DETAIL DRAWING 204 --
OBJECTIVE-BASED DETAIL DESIGN 220 --
CHOICE OF MEDIUM 224 --
Modelbuilding 233 --
THE ARCHITECTURAL MODEL AS A MEANS OF REPRESENTATION 234 --
TYPES OF MODELS 237 --
Conceptual models (without a concrete scale) 238 --
Urban design and landscape models, site and topography 239 --
Architectural/building models 242 --
Interior models 243 --
Detailed models 245 --
DESIGN AND CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT 247 --
Color and materials 247 --
Composition and proportion 248 --
Abstraction and level of detail 249 --
EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 252 --
Cutting 252 --
Gluing 256 --
Modelling, shaping and casting 259 --
Machines in the modelling workshop 261 --
Hot wire cutters 266 --
Digital model making 267 --
MATERIALS 274 --
Paper, paperboard and cardboard 275 --
Wood and wood-based materials 279 --
Metals 284 --
Plastics 287 --
Paints and varnishes 292 --
Plaster, clay and modelling clays 293 --
Accessories: trees, figures and cars 295 --
FROM DRAWING TO MODEL -STEPS AND APPROACHES 298 --
A few preliminary thoughts 298 --
The mounting board 298 --
Making individual building elements 300 --
Assembling the elements 303 --
Final tasks and accessories 304 --
Presentation 305 --
IN CONCLUSION 306 --
Architectural Photography 309 --
INTRODUCTION 311 --
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHOTOGRAPHY 313 --
Optics 313 --
Principles of representation 314 --
Recording the image 318 --
THE CAMERA 321 --
Image quality 321 --
Objectives 322 --
Control elements 324 --
Camera types 327 --
Accessories 332 --
IMAGE ANALYSIS 333 --
Image factor: content 334 --
Image factor: reproduction 340 --
Image factor: graphics 345 --
THE PHOTOGRAPH 351 --
The series 351 --
Divergent lines 352 --
Order 352 --
Weather 355 --
Interior shots 356 --
Artificial light 356 --
Construction sites 359 --
Photographing models 360 --
PROCESSING THE IMAGE 362 --
Scanning 362 --
Importing images 362 --
Selecting images 363 --
IMAGE EDITING 364 --
Resolution 364 --
Colors 365 --
Storage formats 366 --
Parameters 367 --
Correcting image errors 368 --
Retouching 369 --
Special techniques 370 --
The image as end product 371 --
THE ARCHITECT AND COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA 373 --
IN CONCLUSION 375 --
Appendix 377 --
LITERATURE 378 --
GUIDELINES, STANDARDS AND CHECKLISTS 381 --
PICTURE CREDITS 389 --
THE AUTHORS 395 --

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    <subfield code="a">Students of architecture are confronted at the beginning of their studies with a wealth of different ways in which to visually present their designs. Expressing ideas in the form of drawings and models is usually required in the early stages of studying: "learning by doing" is the only way for students to quickly develop a repertoire for their design work. However, there are important issues to consider between the phases of devising the spatial concept and recreating it in a two- or three-dimensional drawing or physical model: How to construct a perspective freehand drawing? What plan drawings are necessary to present my design? What scale should my model be and what materials should I use to construct it? Basics architectural presentation conveys possible ways to present architectural projects throughout the various project phases. In an informative and practical approach, the publication discusses the basics of architectural representation from freehand drawing, which is especially important in the design phase, to the plan drawing, model, and architecture photography. </subfield>
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