11355nam a22005533i 4500 EBC5261331 MiAaPQ 20221107195701.0 m o d | cr cnu|||||||| 211129s2018 xx o ||||0 eng d 9780262344814 (electronic bk.) 9780262037426 (MiAaPQ)EBC5261331 (Au-PeEL)EBL5261331 (CaPaEBR)ebr11509200 (OCoLC)1021805465 MiAaPQ eng rda pn MiAaPQ MiAaPQ Q172.5.P77 P73 2018 001.9 Pseudoscience : The Conspiracy Against Science / edited by Allison B. Kaufman, James C. Kaufman. Cambridge : MIT Press, 2018. ©2017. 1 online resource (537 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier The MIT Press Ser. ALA COVID Relief Fund Intro -- Contents -- Foreword: Navigating a Post-Truth World: Ten Enduring Lessons from the Study of Pseudoscience -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Pseudoscience: What It Costs and Efforts to Fight It -- I. The Basics of Pseudoscience -- 1. Pseudoscience and the Pursuit of Truth -- Doubting Science -- The Demarcation Fallacy -- Boundary Work -- The Pseudoscientific Threat -- References -- 2. The Psychology of (Pseudo)Science: Cognitive, Social, and Cultural Factors -- The Psychology of Science -- What Is Scientific Thinking? -- Individual Factors: Cognition and Metacognition -- Social Factors -- Cultural Factors -- Summary and Conclusions -- Author's Note -- References -- 3. The Illusion of Causality: A Cognitive Bias Underlying Pseudoscience -- The Adaptive Bias in Pattern Detection -- Correct Estimation of Causality -- Biased Estimation of Causality -- Factors That Produce the Causal Illusion -- An Example from Pseudo-medicine -- Simple Conditioning Models and Causal Illusions -- The Bright Side of Causal Illusions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4. Hard Science, Soft Science, and Pseudoscience: Implications of Research on the Hierarchy of the Sciences -- Comte's Hierarchy of the Sciences -- Empirical Indicators of Hierarchical Placement -- Genuine versus Pseudoscience -- Pseudoscientific Beliefs within the Hierarchy -- Discussion -- References -- II. What Pseudoscience Costs Society -- 5. Food-o-science Pseudoscience: The Weapons and Tactics in the War on Crop Biotechnology -- Dinner, an Easy Target for Charlatans -- The Danger of Soft Sortascience -- Human Misery Spawns Agriculture -- Directed Human Intervention in Genetic Improvement -- The Food-o-scientist Toolbox -- Specific Examples of Food-o-science -- Conclusion -- References. 6. An Inside Look at Naturopathic Medicine: A Whistleblower's Deconstruction of Its Core Principles -- Introduction -- A Brief History of Naturopathic Theory -- Naturopathic Medicine Today and Its Six Principles -- First, Do No Harm -- The Healing Power of Nature -- Identify and Treat the Root Cause of Disease -- Doctor as Teacher -- Treat the Whole Person -- Prevention -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 7. Risky Play and Growing Up: How to Understand the Overprotection of the Next Generation -- Introduction -- Play's Complexity-More Than Having Fun -- Benefits of Risky Play -- Evolutionary Function of Play and Risky Play -- Attempts to Regulate Play's Riskiness -- The Science of Risk Perception -- Normal Fear and Pathological Anxiety -- The Function of Fear: Avoidance and Safety Behaviors -- Phobias -- The Problem with Believing Worry Is Helpful: Parents Worry -- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Exaggerated Worry -- The Knock-On Implications for Older Members of Society: The Infantilization of Our Young Adults and the Peculiar Case of Trigger Warnings -- Students Are Not More Vulnerable Than the General Population -- Universities Need Academic and Intellectual Freedom -- How to Treat Exaggerated Negative Emotional Reactions -- Not Learning to Cope Is to Not Mature Adequately -- How Too Much Safety and Protection Can Be Harmful -- Conclusions -- References -- 8. The Anti-Vaccine Movement: A Litany of Fallacy and Errors -- Naturalistic Fallacy: A View That What Is Natural Is Inherently Good and What Is Unnatural Inherently Bad -- Nirvana Fallacy (Perfect Solution Fallacy): The View That If a Solution Is Not Perfect, It Is Worthless -- Shifting the Burden of Proof (See Onus Probandi): "I Need Not Prove My Claim, You Must Prove It Is False". Anecdotal Fallacy: Using a Personal Experience or Examples to Extrapolate Without a Statistically Significant Number of Cases That Could Provide Scientifically Compelling Evidence -- False Authority (Single Authority): Using an Expert of Dubious Credentials -- Moving the Goalposts (Raising the Bar): After Evidence Is Presented in Response to a Specific Claim, Some Other (Often Greater) Evidence Is Demanded -- Genetic Fallacy: Where a Conclusion Is Based Solely on Something or Someone's Origin, With No Regard to Current Meaning or Context -- Appeal to Motive: Where a Premise Is Dismissed by Calling into Question the Motives of Its Proposer -- Cherry Picking: Pointing to Individual Cases or Data That Seem to Confirm a Particular Position, While Ignoring a Significant Portion of Related Cases or Data That May Contradict That Position -- Bad Science or Math -- Middle Ground: Saying That the Middle Point between Two Extremes Must Be the Truth -- Escape to the Future: Claiming That an Idea Will Soon Prevail Because the Emerging Evidence Is Just Around the Corner. "Science Was Wrong Before": Science Has Been Wrong in the Past, Therefore Science Cannot Be Trusted Now -- Finally, No Discussion of the Anti-Vaccine Movement Would Be Complete Without a Discussion of Conspiracy Theories and Deception -- Deception -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- III. Scientific (or Pseudoscientific) Soundness -- 9. Understanding Pseudoscience Vulnerability through Epistemological Development, Critical Thinking, and Science Literacy -- Introduction -- Science Literacy -- Critical Thinking -- Epistemological Development -- Media Distortions of Science: The Spread of Pseudoscience -- The Mindfulness Movement -- The State of the Research -- Media Claims by High-Profile Mindfulness Figures -- Getting Beyond the Hype -- Where the Field Needs to Go. Addressing Pseudoscience Vulnerability -- References -- 10. Scientific Failure as a Public Good: Illustrating the Process of Science and Its Contrast with Pseudoscience -- Introduction -- The Structure of Scientific Failures -- The OPERA Experiment and Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos -- BICEP2 and Primordial Gravitational Waves -- Hydrino Physics and the Structure of Pseudoscience -- Conclusions -- Appendix A: The OPERA Experiment -- Appendix B: The BICEP2 Experiment -- Appendix C: "Hydrino" Physics -- Note -- References -- 11. Evidence-Based Practice as a Driver of Pseudoscience in Prevention Research -- Introduction -- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Registry -- A Systems Approach to Understanding Pseudoscience in Drug Prevention Research -- Discussion -- Notes -- References -- 12. Scientific Soundness and the Problem of Predatory Journals -- Introduction -- Setting the Scene -- Predatory Journals are Enabling the Publishing and Distribution of Much Pseudoscience -- Motivations for Authoring Pseudoscience and Submitting It to Scholarly Publications -- The Imprimatur of Science -- Payments from Authors and the Breakdown of Demarcation -- Pseudoscience at the Journal Level -- Information Resources Are Polluted by Research Published in Predatory Journals -- The Rise of Boundary Work -- Looking Ahead: Scholarly Publishing and the Dissemination of Pseudoscience -- References -- 13. Pseudoscience, Coming to a Peer-Reviewed Journal Near You -- References -- IV. Pseudoscience in the Mainstream -- 14. "Integrative" Medicine: Integrating Quackery with Science-Based Medicine -- Pseudoscience Insinuates Itself in Medical Academia and Medicine -- What Is "Integrative Medicine"? -- The Problem with Integrative Medicine -- The Blind Spot of Evidence-Based Medicine -- Integrative Medicine: Harms versus Questionable Benefits. "Integrating" Quackery: The Future of Medicine? -- References -- 15. Hypnosis: Science, Pseudoscience, and Nonsense -- Popular Media and Hypnosis -- Is Hypnosis a Trance State? -- Hypnotic Phenomena -- Hypnosis and Psychotherapy -- Conclusions -- References -- 16. Abuses and Misuses of Intelligence Tests: Facts and Misconceptions -- Can Intelligence Be Defined as a Singular Construct? -- The Definition of Intelligence -- Intelligence as a Quotient -- Is Intelligence a Fixed Construct? -- Broad Theories of Intelligence -- Pseudoscience -- Conclusions -- References -- 17. Reflections on Pseudoscience and Parapsychology: From Here to There and (Slightly) Back Again -- Introduction -- Early Years -- Epiphany -- Type I Skeptics -- Type II Skeptics -- Science, Nonscience, and Pseudoscience -- The Scientific Status of Parapsychology -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- V. Science Activism: How People Think about Pseudoscience -- 18. Using Case Studies to Combat a Pseudoscience Culture -- First Things First: What Is Science? -- Who Are Scientists and Where Do We Find Them? -- The Canons of Science -- Commandments for the Scientist in the Lab and Field -- Commandments for the Scientist Interacting with Society -- How Scientists Can Go Wrong-"Methinks It Is Like a Weasel" -- Case Studies-A Rehearsal for Life -- Using Case Studies to Teach about Science -- Pseudoscience and How Do We Deal with It? -- What's the Harm of Pseudoscience? -- Can We Train People (Students) to Detect Pseudoscience? -- What Is a Teacher to Do? -- Is It Hopeless? -- Final Thoughts -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 19. "HIV Does Not Cause AIDS": A Journey into AIDS Denialism -- Discovering Denialism -- Just the Fake Facts -- Meet Joe Newton -- Entering the Dark Side -- A Network of Denialism -- It Gets Worse -- AIDS Denialism in the Courts -- Where We Stand -- References. 20. Swaying Pseudoscience: The Inoculation Effect. Case studies, personal accounts, and analysis show how to recognize and combat pseudoscience in a post-truth world. Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2021. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. Pseudoscience. Electronic books. Kaufaman, Allison B. 299808 editor Kaufman, James C. editor Print version: Kaufman, Allison B. Pseudoscience Cambridge : MIT Press,c2018 9780262037426 ProQuest (Firm) The MIT Press Ser. https://login.ezproxy.pucpr.edu/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/pucpr-ebooks/detail.action?docID=5261331 Acceso Remoto https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/pucpr-ebooks/detail.action?docID=5261331 Acceso en el Campus PUCPR lcc 7 297174 297174 0 0 ddc 0 0 10 10 45 2021-12-07 0 001.9 EBC5261331 2021-12-07 00:00:00 2021-12-07 7 0 0 ddc 0 0 1 1 45 2022-10-05 0 001.9 60000010174859 2022-10-05 00:00:00 Ebooks 2022-10-05 7 0 0 lcc 0 0 12 12 45 2022-11-07 0 Q172.5 .P77 P73 2018 50000003290243 2022-11-07 00:00:00 Ebook c. 1 2022-11-07 7