TY - BOOK AU - Halle, David AU - Tiso, Elisabeth TI - New York's New Edge: contemporary art, the high line, and urban megaprojects on the far west side. / SN - 9780226379067 AV - HT177.N5 H35 2014 PY - 2014/// CY - Chicago; London PB - The University of Chicago, Press KW - Urban renewal KW - New York (State) KW - New York KW - Historic districts KW - West Side (New York, N.Y.) KW - Chelsea (Manhattan, New York, N.Y.) KW - Chelsea Historic District (New York, N.Y.) KW - High Line (New York, N.Y. : Park) N1 - Index; Bibliography; Acknowledgments ix -- Introduction: Developing New York’s Dominant Contemporary Art, the High Line, Megaprojects, and Urban Growth 1 -- Part I Contemporary Art: Chelsea as New York’s Dominant Contemporary Art Gallery Neighborhood: A Real State and Finance Story 21 -- Contemporary Art and Life 91 -- Part II “Preservation” Projects: The High lane 151 -- The Gansevoort Market: From Meat Smells and Prostitution to Historic District, Fashion Central, Google Headquarters and Whitney Museum 180 -- Part III Mega Projects Why They Often Don’t Happen of Take So Long if they If They Do, from Javits Expansion to Moynihan Station and Hurricane Sandy: The Javits Expansion Fiasco 215 -- The Debate over Urban Stadiums: The New York Sports and Convention Center Fight 2004 to 2005 246 -- The Hudson Yards: Rezonings of 2004 to 2009 and Beyond: The City’s Uniform Land Use Review Process, Inclusionary Zoning for Affordable Housing, Tax Increment Financing and the Number 7 Subway Extension and the Culture Shed 269 -- Penn Moynihan Station, 1992? Fixing Infrastructure 314 -- Part IV The Challenges to Chelsea’s art Galley District from the Lower East Side: The Lower East side and the New Museum: The Next Chelsea, or another Wrong Turn 347 -- Balancing Urban Growth and Protection Preservation 382 -- Notes 405 -- Reference List 427 -- Index 441 -- ; Figures: Figure i.1 The Far West Side: Chelsea gallery district, megaprojects, and preservation projects, including the High Line and the Meat Market 3 -- Figure i.2 Whitney Museum of American art’s new contemporary and modern art building, designed by Renzo Piano, next to the High Line in the Meat market, Courtesy Whitney Museum and Offices of Renzo Piano 4 -- Figure 1.1 Number of galleries, by gallery area, Manhattan and Brooklyn, 1978 to 2012 January 22 -- Figure 1.2 Art gallery neighborhoods, Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn, 2008. A major nonprofit art institution often paves the way for the emergence of a dominant commercial gallery neighborhood e.g. Metropolitan Museum for the Upper East Side, Dia for Chelsea, new Museum for the Lower East Side 23 -- Figure 1.3 Star Chelsea galleries, 2009 27 -- Figure 1.4 Zoning prior to the rezoning of the Special West Chelsea District 29 -- Figure 1.5 Matthew marks Gallery in Chelsea, Photo by Elisabeth Tiso 33 -- Figure 1.6 Chelsea Garage, 24 Street and 12 Avenue. Many star gallery owners who moved to Chelsea in waves 1 and 2 purchased garages, which they converted to galleries. Photo by David Halle 34 -- Figure 1.7 Gagosian’s Chelsea Gallery, Richard Serra exhibition, 2006. Like several Chelsea galleries, Gagosian’s gallery approaches in size a small museum. Photo by Elisabeth Tiso 37 -- Figure 1.8 Joseph Beuy’s basalt rock columns, each paired with newly planted tree, part of his worldwide piece titled 7000 Oaks, first presented at the art show Documenta 8 in Germany in 1987. The project plants trees all over the world with a global mission to effect environmental and social change, as explained on Dia’s website. Photo by Elisabeth Tiso 38 -- Figure 1.9 Prices of Contemporary Art, 1982 to 1994, in English Pounds 42 -- Figure 1.10 Annual commercial rents, per square foot: Soho, Chelsea gallery section, and Meat Market, 1990 to 2015 44 -- Figure 1.11 The massive Starret Lehigh Building far right middle ground. In the mid 1990s if started renting space to galleries at bargain rates. Photo by Camilo Vergara 47 -- Figure 1.12 Price growth for contemporary, postwar, Modern, nineteenth century, and Old Masters artworks, 1998 to 2013 49 -- Figure 1.13 Flooding from Hurricane Sandy, October 2012 56 -- Figure 2.1 Night Cooke, Silva morose, 2003. Oil on canvas 72x96 inches 100 -- Figure 2.2 Robert Adams, On Humbug Mountain, Clatsop County, Oregon, 1999 to2003 Gelatin silver print 11x14 in 103 -- Figure 2.3 Ellsworth Kelly, Blue Green Black Red West Coast Landscape II, 2007. Oil on canvas four joined panels 106 -- Figure 2.4 Gregory Crewdson, Untitled, 2004 Courtesy Gagosian Gallery 110 -- Figure 2.5 Gregory Crewdson, Untitled, 2005. Courtesy Gagosian Gallery 111 -- Figure 2.6 Candice Breitz, Stills from Father, 2005. Six channel installation, Duration 11 minutes 113 -- Figure 2.7 Bill Owens, I don’t feel that Richie paying with guns will have a negative effect on his personality, 1971 115 -- Figure 2.8 Bill Owens, We don’t have to conform, 1981. Color Photograph 115 -- Figure 2.9 Lisa Yuskavage, Wee Babie 1, 2003. Oil on panel 119 -- Figure 2.10 Mary Ellen mark, Girls Looking Out of Cages on Falkland Out of Cages on Falkland Road during the Day, Bombay, India (from Falkland Road Series), 1978 121 -- Figure 2.11 William Bailey, Untitled, 1999. Pencil on Paper 123 -- Figure 2.12 Cecily Brown, The Quarrel, 2004 126 -- Figure 2.13 Andy Warhol, Male Nude,2010. Black and white photograph 128 -- Figure 2.14 Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Shuttlecock Blueberry Pies I and II, 1999. Cast aluminum painted with acrylic polyurethane 134 -- Figure 2.15 Damien Hirst, addicted to Crack, Abandoned by Society, 2004 to 2005. Oil on canvas diptych 137 -- Figure 3.1 High Line 152 -- Figure 3.2 The High Line, with Frank Gehry office building (background left), Jean Nouvel Condo (center), and condos by Shigeru Ban and Anabelle Selldorf (right). Billboard by English artists Gilbert and George (lower right) 152 -- Figure 3.3 Florent Morellet (who pushed the landmark the Gansevoort Market) dressed as Marie Antoniette in a July 14 celebration, flanked by High Lien founders Joshua David (left) and Robert Hammond (right) 155 -- Figure 3.4 Conditions on 10 th Avenue before High Lane was built, were so dangerous it was called “Death Avenue.” The railroad company hired men on horse back to ride ahead warning of the dangers 158 -- Figure 3.5 High Line, 1934 158 -- Figure 3.6 Joel Sternfield, a railroad Artifact, 30 th Street, May 2000. Negative 2000; print 2009 159 -- Figure 3.7 Proposed Zoning and FAR (West Chelsea Rezoning, 2005) 167 -- Figure 3.8 High Line, condo building, and now closed Getty Gas station, with Sheep by artist Francois Xavier Lalane. The gas station will host public art programs until construction starts on developer and art collector Michael Shvo’s new condo in, 2015, illustrating the often symbiotic relationship between real estate and art in Chelsea. Likewise, Della Valle and Bernheimer, architects of the condo building in the figure, say its stainless steel panels simulate images of stem clouds from locomotives that used to run on the High Line 171 -- Figure 4.1 The Gansevoort Market Historic District, designated September, 2003. Night clubs by 2014: 1 Bagatelle, 2 Provocateur, 3 675 Bar, 4 Cielo, 5 Hilo, 6 VIP Room, 7 The Griffin, 8 Le Bain, 9 STK, 10 Brass monkey, 11 Simyone Lounge, 12 Tenjune 181 -- Figure 4.2 Meatpacking business, 2010 183 -- Figure Stella McCartney’s fashion store, Gansevoort Market, opened in 2002. In 2012 McCartney moved to a SoHo location, as her ten year lese expired and her landlord, the Meilmans, wanted to quadruple her rent to 400 square foot 187 -- Figure 4.4 The Gansevoort Market Historic District, 2009, view from the High Line, looking east along 14 th Street. Foreground right is a meatpacking business (closed by 2010). On the Left, renting first floor commercial spaces in buildings mostly owned by the Meilman family, are expensive fashion stores, including Jeffrey and Stella McCartney, which displaced art galleries on short term leases. Designer Diane von Furstenberg’s corporate headquarters are on the right. 188 -- Figure 4.5 Gansevoort Market Historic District, 2009. Pastis, center, restaurateur McNally’s 1930s themed Paris brasserie, closed in early in early 2014 when its landlord applied to add two glass exterior stories. At the Landmarks Commission’s hearing, May, 2014, critics called the proposal out of character with the mostly brick neighboring building. The owner’s architects replied that the existing buildings represented several additions over time, robust discord of styles, so adding modern glass was fine. They compromised by replacing some of the glass with metal. 189 -- Figure 4.6 The architecturally controversial Hotel Gansevoort opened in 2004. The American Institute of Architects called it “beautifully designed “, in 2010. Preservationists thought it garish and out of place. 192 -- Figure 5.1 Hudson Yards megaprojects 216 -- Figure 5.2 The Hudson Yards 2012. Wester Rail Yards (on left), site of the failed New York Sports and Conventional Center proposal separated by 11 th Avenue from the Eastern Rail Yards, on right. The Javits Convention Center is north of the railyards just West of 11 th Avenue. After NYSSC failed in 2005. Related Companies agreed in 2008to a 1 billion deal to develop the Western and Eastern Rail Yards, paying rent to the Metropolitan Transit Authority, who own the yards. Developer Larry Silverstein’s twin Silver Towers, rear center opened in 2009with 1359 rental apartments, disappointing planners who wanted a convention hotel linking Javits visitors to Times Square. For the Hudson Yards in mid 2014 see fig. 7.5 216 -- Figure 5.3 Javits Center, 2010 224 -- Figure 5.4 A photographic montage of the first phase of an expansion of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center 235 -- Figure 5.5 The eventual Javits expansion completed in 2010. This very modest amount 80000 square feet of new space, described by one architect as looking like a cargo shed at Newark Airport, is tucked between the existing Javits and Silverstein’s One Riverplace apartment building right corner 244 -- Figure 6.1 New York Sports and Convention Center: Multiuse facility 251 -- Figure 6.2 union workers supporting the NYSCC 252 -- Figure 6.3 West Siders opposing the NYSCC 256 -- Figure 6.4 Anti NYSCC billboard, Manhattan’s West Side 256 -- Figure 7.1 Special Hudson Yards District, Subdistricts, and Subareas. Reflects the Special Hudson Yards District Zoning Text Amendment as adopted by the City Council, January 2005. Used with permission of the New York City Department of City Planning. All rights reserved. The authors have added the major projects, by developer name, built since the rezoning or currently under construction. Developers: Brookfield, Br, Douglaston, Do, Extell, Ex, Glenwood, G, Lalezarian, La, Monian Mo, Related, Re, Rockrose RR, Silverstein, Si, T.F. Cornerstone, TFC, Other, Oth 271 -- Figure 7.2 The Related Company’s design for the Western and Eastern Rail Yards, 2012. Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group 272 -- Figure 7.3 Western and Eastern Yards for Related development: Site Plan, October 2012. Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group 272 -- Figure 7.4 Hudson Yards Financing District, for tax increment financing of the number 7 subway extension 285 -- Figure 7.5 Hudson Yards 2014, June. Note construction, on right, for the North and South office towers of the Eastern Rail Yards 313 -- Figure 8.1 Penn Station, main entrance, 2010. Its signage is overshadowed by Madison Square Garden, home of the Knicks, and the interior has long been thought insufficiently grand 316 -- Figure 8.2 Pennsylvania Station, New York City, from the northeast, ca. 1910, designed by McKim, Mead & White in the epitome of the Beaux Arts style of the American Renaissance. Outrage at its destruction in 1963 led to the creatin of the New York City Landmarks Commission in 1965 317 -- Figure 8.3 Farley Building 2012, constructed in 1914. Efforts have been ongoing since 1992 to turn it into a grand home for Penn Station to be renamed Moynihan Station. Unpromisingly, given the general role of squabbling politicians and overlapping government agencies as blocking factors in megaprojects, the billboard names no fewer than nine elected officials and seven federal, state, or bistate agencies as part of the project 318 -- Figure 9.1 Second Avenue elevated subway, at Cahtham Square, the Bowery. Unknown photographer late nineteenth century 352 -- Figure 9.2 The New Museum, 2007. Opinions of its design ranged from a wonderful silver mesh that echoes the area’s industrial past, Laura Hoptman, New Museum senior curator to a monstruous buildings, neighborhood social worker. In 2010 the architects received the prestigious Pritzker received the prestigious Pritzker Price for Architecture 354 -- Figure 9.3 Growth of galleries, Lower East Side, 2003 to 2014 355 -- Figure 9.4 Lower East Side galleries, 2010 -- Figure 9.5 Lower East Side Zoning, 2009 -- Figure 9.6 Gedi Sibony, The Circumstance, The Illusion, and Light Absorbed as Light, 2007. Installation view of Unmonumental, inaugural exhibition for the reopening of the New Museum , New York, 2007. Few people liked this work. A typical comment was: Why should we be subjected to this? It looks like someone’s garbage 372 -- Figure 9.7 Sarah Lucas, Fuck Destiny, 2000. Installation view of the Unmonumental, inaugural exhibition for the reopening of the New Museum, New York, 2007 373 -- Figure 9.8 Foreground: Martin Boyce, We Climb Inside and Everything Else Disappears, 2006. Boyce won the prestigious Turner Prize for art in 2011. Rear wall: Mark Bradford, Work in Progress, 2007 Installation of the Unmonumental, inaugural exhibition for the reopening of the New Museum, New York, 2007 374 -- Figure 9.9 Martha Rosier, Photo Op, from the Bringing the War Home: House Beautiful Series, 2004 378 -- ; Tables: Table 1.1 Number of art galleries, by gallery areas, Manhattan and Brooklyn, 2014 May 24 -- Table 1.2 Place of birth and current residence of all artists on roster of Chelsea’s star galleries, 2011 65 -- Table 1.3 Top ten Contemporary Art auction houses, 2012 to 2013 73 -- Table 1.4 Tan largest Contemporary Art Fars 2014 82 -- Table 2.1 Subject matter of the art shows in Chelsea galleries % of all shows 94 -- Table 3.1 High Line costs by stage and source (in millions) 157 -- Table 3.2 Museum attendance worldwide, top 14, 2012 177 -- Table 7.1 Supply and demand for new offices space, New York City, projected to 2040, in millions of square feet 274 -- ER -