Research design in urban planning : a student's guide. / txt
Stuart Farthing
- xiv, 221 p. ill. (some col) ; 24cm. book
Include index
Includes bibliographical references
List of figures and tables x -- About the author xii -- Preface xiii -- Acknowledgements xv -- 1 The Design of Planning Research 1 -- Key Questions 1 -- Key Concepts 1 -- Overview 1 -- Research design 2 -- Types of research design 3 -- Structures of the book 5 -- Summary/key lessons 9 -- Exercise 10 -- Further reading 11 -- References 11 -- 2 Post-Positivism and Planning Research 13 -- Key Questions 13 -- Key Concepts 13 -- Overview 13 -- A popular conception of science 15 -- Post-positivism 16 -- Box 2.1 Values and the research process 16 -- Hidden assumptions in research: The iceberg model 23 -- Conclusions 32 -- Summary/key lessons 33 -- Exercise 34 -- Further reading 34 -- References 34 -- 3 Policy Issues and Research Questions 37 -- Key Questions 37 -- Key Concepts 37 -- Overview 37 -- What sort of discipline is planning? 38 -- What arguments are used in planning policy debates? 39 -- Box 3.1 Types of research question 43 -- Research Questions 43 -- Generating research questions: reviewing the literature 46 -- How to recognize research questions in published research 47 -- Research questions, hypotheses and theories 50 -- Creating helpful research questions from initial ideas 51 -- Conclusion 56 -- Summary/key lessons 57 -- Exercise 58 -- Further reading 58 -- References 59 -- 4 A Justification for your research Question 61 -- Key Questions 61 -- Key Concepts 61 -- Overview 61 -- Practical justifications for further research: Two examples 62 -- Reviews of literature: Justifying research in academic terms 64 -- Box 4.1 Arguments typically developed by researchers to justify further research 66 -- The structure of a literature review 68 -- Box 4.2 Example of a short literature review 69 -- Summary/key lessons 71 -- Exercise 71-- Further reading 73 -- References 73 -- 5 Descriptive Questions: Scope, Claims and Sampling 75 -- Key Questions 75 -- Key Concepts 75 -- Overview 75 -- Scoping research questions 76 -- Box 5.1 Scoping your research questions 77 – Sampling: data resources and methods 79 -- Sampling and the selection of cases to study 80 -- Sampling methods 84 -- Box 5.2 Example – Quota sampling as used by Burgess et al. (1988) 89 -- Summary/key lessons 92 -- Exercise 92-- Further reading 93 -- References 93 -- 6 Explanatory Questions: Starting Points, Claims and Sampling 95 -- Key Questions 95 -- Key Concepts 95 -- Overview 95 -- Starting Points 96 -- Causal explanation or understanding? 98 -- Box 6.1 Criteria for assessing the existence of a causal relationship 101 -- Sampling and the selection of cases to study 107 -- Box 6.2 Example – Theoretical sampling in a study 113 -- Case Studies 116 -- Summary/key lessons 116 -- Exercise 118 -- Further reading 119 -- References 120 -- 7 Methods of Data Generation in research 123 -- Key Questions 123 -- Key Concepts 123 -- Overview 123 -- Key issues in the choice of methods 124 -- Interviews and questionnaires 127 -- Ethnography and observation 131 -- Documents 136 -- Official Statistics 140 -- Summary/key lessons 144 -- Exercise 144 -- Further reading 145 -- References 146 -- 8 Data Analysis 149 -- Key questions 149 -- Key Concepts 149 -- Overview 149 -- Qualitative and quantitative data 151 -- Box 8.1 Statistical significance of Table 8.3 from Atkinson and Kintrea (2001) 160 -- Qualitative analysis 163 -- Box 8.2 Example of discourse analysis 171 -- Summary/key lessons 174 -- Exercise 174 -- Further reading 175 -- References 176 -- 9 Ethics of Research 178 -- Key questions 178 -- Key Concepts 178 -- Overview 178 -- The framing of research 179 -- How close should the relationship between academic researchers and practice be? 180 -- The generation and analysis of data 187 -- Summary/key lessons 188 -- Exercise 189 -- Further reading 190 -- References 190 -- 10 Cross-National Comparative Research in Urban Planning 192 -- Key questions 192 -- Key Concepts 192 -- Overview 192 -- What is cross-national comparative research in planning? 193 -- Research purposes and research questions 195 -- A justification of the question 198 -- An appropriate logic for answering the question 198 -- Methods of data generation 201 -- Analysis 204 -- Ethics 206 -- Summary/key lessons 206 -- Further reading 207 -- References 208 -- 11 Conclusion 211 -- Index 215 -- Figures : 1.1 The cycle of research design 5 -- 1.2 Hidden assumptions in research: the iceberg model 24 -- 2.2 A simplified diagram of possible casual influences on the life chances and opportunities of residents of a neighborhood in a city 27 -- 3.1 Knowledge claims in planning debates 40 -- 4.1 Classifying the documents from a literature search 65 -- 5.1 Types of probabilistic sampling 85 -- 5.2 Types of non-probabilistic sampling 87 -- 6.1 Inductive approach to explanation and the development of theory 97 -- 6.2 Deductive approach to explanation and the development of theory 97 -- 6.3 The importance of time order in casual analysis: alternative explanations for an association between the type of people living in an area and an area’s reputation 103 -- 6.4 Development application approval rate vs. appeal rate 111 -- 7.1 Influences on the choice of methods of data generation 125 -- 8.1 Relationship between the population, the sample frame, the random sample and the achieved sample used for analysis 153 -- 8.2 Some possible reason for finding an association in a study 162 -- Tables : 3.1 Knowledge claims in urban planning 41 -- 5.1 Framework for quota sampling in Greenwich neighborhoods 90 -- 5.2 Framework for purposive case selection: Styles of planning in Great Britain 91 -- 8.1 Types of conflict experienced 154 -- 8.2 Efforts to prevent political conflict by successful avoidance 155 -- 8.3 Cross-tabulation of employment by tenure 157 -- 8.4 A typology of neighborhood communities 169 --