TY - BOOK AU - Fraker,Harrison TI - The Hidden Potential of Sustainable Neighborhoods: lessons from low-carbon communities. SN - 9781610914079 AV - HT243.S8 F73 2013 U1 - 307.1 PY - 2013/// CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press KW - City planning KW - Environmental aspects KW - Sweden KW - Case studies KW - Local KW - Sustainable development KW - United States KW - Germany N1 - Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-216) and index; Contents: List of Figures xi -- List of Tables xvii -- Acknowledgments xix -- Chapter 1. Introduction 1 -- Chapter 2. BOO1, Malmo, Sweden 11 -- Chapter 3. Hammarby Sjostad, Stockholm, Sweden 43 -- Chapter 4. Kronsberg, Hannover, Germany 69 -- Chapter 5. Vauban, Freiburg, Germany 97 -- Chapter 6. Observations across Neighborhoods 121 -- Chapter 7. A Road Map for the United States and Beyond 155 -- Chapter 8. Conclusion 197 -- Notes 209 -- Index 217 -- ; Figures: 1.1 Lower Manhattan blackout caused by Hurricane Sandy 1 -- 2.1 Aerial view of BOO1, Malmo, Sweden 12 -- 2.2 View of Oresund Bridge from BOO1 13 -- 2.3 Location of BOO1 within Malmo 14 -- 2.4 Context plan of BOO1 14 -- 2.5 Psychrometric chart of temperature ranges in BOO1 15 -- 2.6 Plan showing dates and locations of infill soils at BOO1 16 -- 2.7 Transit plan for BOO1 17 -- 2.8 Guide to BOO1 architecture and architect developer teams 19 -- 2.9 Master plan of BOO1 20 -- 2.10 Blowup plan of first block and promenade in BOO1 21 -- 2.11 View of promenade seating and edge buildings in BOO1 22 -- 2.12 View inside first block of BOO1 23 -- 2.13 View of the Turning Torso in BOO1 24 -- 2.14 Green space plan for BOO1 27 -- 2.15 Storm water downspout in BOO1 27 -- 2.16 Storm water outlet to canal in BOO1 28 -- 2.17 View of storm water retention canal in BOO1 28 -- 2.18 Estimated and observed total energy consumption in BOO1 units 29 -- 2.19 Estimated and observed heating energy consumption in BOO1 29 -- 2.20 View of evacuated tube collectors in BOO1 30 -- 2.21 Energy system diagram for BOO1 31 -- 2.22 Estimated energy balance for BOO1 32 -- 2.23 Measured energy balance for BOO1 32 -- 2.24 Waste collection stations in BOO1 33 -- 3.1 Aerial view of Hammarby Sjostad, Stockholm, Sweden 44 -- 3.2 View of Sickla Canal in Hammarby Sjostad 44 -- 3.3 Location of Hammarby Sjostad in Stockholm 45 -- 3.4 Context plan of Stockholm 45 -- 3.5 Psychrometric chart of temperature ranges in Hammarby Sjostad 46 -- 3.6 Hammarby Gard illustration plan, Hammarby Sjostad 47 -- 3.7 Kappseglingen courtyard plan Hammarby Sjostad 47 -- 3.8 Kappseglingen courtyard section elevation, Hammarby Sjostad 47 -- 3.9 Transit plan for Hammarby Sjostad 49 -- 3.10 Master plan for Hammarby Sjostad 50 -- 3.11 Main street spine plan diagram, Hammarby Sjostad 50 -- 3.12 Street plan for Hammarby Sjostad 51 -- 3.13 Block plan for Hammarby Sjostad 51 -- 3.14 View of balconies facing the lake in Hammarby Sjostad 52 -- 3.15 Green space plan for Hammarby Sjostad 52 -- 3.16 View of Sickla Canal in Hammarby 53 -- 3.17 View of lake edge pedestrian walkway in Hammarby Sjostad 53 -- 3.18 The Hammarby Sjostad model 55 -- 3.19 Waste to energy cycle, Hammarby Sjostad 57 -- 3.20 View of photovoltaic façade screen in Hammarby Sjostad 58 -- 3.21 Wastewater cycle, Hammarby Sjostad 59 -- 3.22 View of storm water bioswale in Hammarby Sjostad 60 -- 3.23 View of storm water retention in Hammarby Sjostad 60 -- 3.24 View of storm water ladder in Hammarby Sjostad 60 -- 3.25 View of vacuum waste system stations in Hammarby Sjostad 61 -- 3.26 View of vacuum waste system collection in Hammarby Sjostad 61 -- 4.1 Aerial view of Kronsberg, Hannover, Germany 70 -- 4.2 View of pedestrian and bike allee in Kronsberg 70 -- 4.3 Location of Kronsberg within Hannover 71 -- 4.4 Context plan of Kronsberg 71 -- 4.5 Psychrometric chart of temperature ranges in Kronsberg 71 -- 4.6 Process based environmental impact analysis 72 -- 4.7 Kronsberg traffic concept plan 73 -- 4.8 Kronsberg private car parking plan 76 -- 4.9 Kronsberg general development plan 76 -- 4.10 Kronsberg public spaces plan 77 -- 4.11 Kronsberg infrastructure and amenities plan 78 -- 4.12 Kronsberg block plan instrument 78 -- 4.13 Kronsberg open space system plan 49 -- 4.14 Kronsberg street trees plan 80 -- 4.15 Kronsberg, view to the countryside 80 -- 4.16 Kronsberg, view of viewing mounds 81 -- 4.17 Kronsberg, reduction in CO2 emissions 81 -- 4.18 Kronsberg district heating plan 83 -- 4.19 View of wind turbines in Kronsberg 84 -- 4.20 Solar thermal seasonal storage diagram for Kronsberg 84 -- 4.21 View of seasonal solar thermal storage neighborhood in Kronsberg 85 -- 4.22 Microclimate zone section in Kronsberg 85 -- 4.23 View of microclimate zone interior in Kronsberg 86 -- 4.24 View of microclimate zone east side entrance in Kronsberg 86 -- 4.25 Kronsberg passive house diagram 86 -- 4.26 View of passive house in Kronsberg 87 -- 4.27 Mulden Rigolen system, Kronsberg, section 1 87 -- 4.28 Mulden Rigolen system, Kronsberg, section 2 88 -- 4.29 View of Mulden Rigolen bioswale street in Kronsberg 88 -- 4.30 View of storm water retention pond in Kronsberg 89 -- 4.31 View of Southern Avenue bioswale in Kronsberg 89 -- 4.32 View of waste system collection area in Kronsberg 89 -- 4.33 Aerial view of blocks, streets, courts, and parks in Kronsberg 90 -- 5.1 Aerial View of Vauban, Freiburg, Germany 98 -- 5.2 View of main park boulevard in Vauban 98 -- 5.3 Location of Vauban within Freiburg 99 -- 5.4 Context plan for Vauban 100 -- 5.5 Psychrometric chart of temperature ranges in Vauban 101 -- 5.6 Public transit in Vauban 102 -- 5.7 Parking on Vauban 102 -- 5.8 Vauban block pattern 103 -- 5.9 Land use in Vauban 103 -- 5.10 View of commercial buildings ends in Vauban 103 -- 5.11 View of public plaza in Vauban 104 -- 5.12 Public open space I Vauban 104 -- 5.13 Vauban green spaces and amenities 105 -- 5.14 Green roofs in Vauban 106 -- 5.15 View of a vertical green in Vauban 106 -- 5.16 Vegetation in Vauban 106 -- 5.17 Vauban heating standards 107 -- 5.18 Vauban housing typologies 108 -- 5.19 aerial view of original Baugruppen housing units in Vauban 108 -- 5.20 view od Passive house in Vauban 108 -- 5.21 View of plus energy houses in Vauban 108 -- 5.22 Cogeneration Plant 1 in Vauban 109 -- 5.23 Solar power plan for Vauban 110 -- 5.24 View of solar collectors in Vauban 110 -- 5.25 storm water management plan for Vauban 112 -- 5.26 View of central storm water swale in Vauban 113 -- 6.1 Master plan of BOO1 124 -- 6.2 Master plan Hammarby Sjostad 124 -- 6.3 Master plan of Kronsberg 125 -- 6.4 Master plan of Vauban 125 -- 6.5 Transportation plan for BOO1 128 -- 6.6 Transportation plan for Hammarby Sjostad 128 -- 6.7 Transportation plan for Kronsberg 129 -- 6.8 Transportation plan for Vauban 129 -- 6.9 Comparative plan for BOO1 132 -- 6.10 Comparative plan for Hammarby Sjostad 132 -- 6.11 Comparative plan for Kronsberg 133 -- 6.12 Comparative plan for Vauban 133 -- 6.13 Block plan locations for BOO1 134 -- 6.13a Block plan A data for BOO1 134 -- 6.14 Block plan locations for Hammarby by Sjostad 135 -- 6.14a Block plan A data for Hammarby by Sjostad 135 -- 6.14b Block plan C data for Hammarby by Sjostad 135 -- 6.14c Block plan C data for Hammarby by Sjostad 135 -- 6.15 Block plan locations for Kronsberg 136 -- 6.15a Block Plan A data for Kronsberg 136 -- 6.15b Block Plan B data for Kronsberg 136 -- 6.15c Block Plan C data for Kronsberg 136 -- 6.16 Block plan locations for Vauban 137 -- 6.16a Block Plan A data for Vauban 137 -- 6.16b Block Plan B data for Vauban 137 -- 6.16c Block Plan C data for Vauban 137 -- 6.17 Section drawing of BOO1 138 -- 6.18 Section drawing of Hammarby by Sjostad 138 -- 6.19 Section drawing of Kronsberg 138 -- 6.20 Section drawing of Vauban 138 -- 6.21 Green space plan for BOO1 139 -- 6.22 Green space plan for Hammarby Sjostad 139 -- 6.23 Green space plan for Kronsberg 140 -- 6.24 Green space plan for Vauban 140 -- 6.25 Comparative percentages of renewable energy supply 142 -- 6.26 Performance data for BOO1 145 -- 6.27 Performance data for Hammarby Sjostad 146 -- 6.28 Performance data for Kronsberg 146 -- 6.29 Performance data for Vauban 147 -- 6.30 Reduce produce diagram efficiency and waste to energy plus solar 148 -- 7.1 Art Rosenfeld 164 -- 7.2 View of wind farm 168 -- 7.3 View of solar farm 168 -- 7.4 View of wind machine at Budweiser plant in Fairfield, California 169 -- 7.5 Solar photovoltaic cost reductions graph 170 -- 7.6 View photovoltaic on a rood, Ontario, Canada 171 -- 7.7 View of photovoltaics on a façade, Monte Rosa, Switzerland 171 -- 7.8 View of photovoltaics over a parking structure 171 -- 7.9 California’s water infrastructure 172 -- 7.10 View of storm water planters, Portland, Oregon 175 -- 7.11 View of green street curb extension, Portland, Oregon 175 -- 7.12 Map showing Chicago water boulevards 176 -- 7.13 Artist’s rendition of Chicago water boulevards 176 -- 7.14 Local Code site diagram 177 -- 7.15 Local code sample Site 177 -- 7.16 Local Code network 177 -- 7.17 Riparian bands campus hydroscape 178 -- 7.18 Living Machine Process rendering 178 -- 7.19 Living Machine greenhouse example 178 -- 7.20 Brooklyn Grange, Brooklyn Navy Yards 180 -- 7.21 context plan for West Village, Davis, California 186 -- 7.22 Bike and bus transit plan for West Village 187 -- 7.23 Site plan for West Village 188 -- 7.24 Environmental response diagram for West Village 189 -- 7.25 View of external shading in West Village 190 -- 7.26 View of photovoltaic arrays on roofs in West Village 190 -- 7.27 View of biodigester in West Village 190 -- 7.28 View of storm water treatment, West Village Square 191 -- 7.29 Aerial view of West Village 192 -- 8.1 Reduce produce zero carbon 202 -- 8.2 Three dimensional green infrastructure 203 -- 8.3 Calthorpe scenario impacts 12 percent solution 206 -- ; Tables: 2.1 LEED ND Rating for BOO1 40 -- 3.1 Energy Goals versus Measured Performance 54 -- 3.2 Energy Production from Waste Streams per Person 56 -- 3.3 Total Energy from Waste 57 -- 3.4 Percentage of Energy Supplied by Waste Compared with Different Demand Goals and Measured Performance 57 -- 3.5 LEED ND Rating for Hammarby Sjostad 66 -- 4.1 LEED ND Rating for Kronsberg 94 -- 5.1 Projected Energy Consumption for Vauban 109 -- 5.2 Percentage of Annual Renewable Energy Supply in Vauban 111 -- 5.3 LEED ND Rating for Vauban 118 -- 7.1 Minimum Densities for Jobs and Housing One Fourth and One Half Mile, Respectively, from Transit Stops 162 -- ER -