The design of everyday things txt
Donald A. Norman.
- xxi, 257 p. ill. 21 cm. book
Reprint. Originally published: The psychology of everyday things. New York : Basic Books, c1988. "With a new introduction by the author"-- cover.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Preface to the revised edition -- The psychopathology of everyday things -- The psychology of everyday actions -- Knowledge in the head and in the world -- Knowing what to do : constraints, discoverability and feedback -- Human error? No, bad design -- Design thinking -- Design in the world of business. Preface to the revised edition -- 1. The psychopathology of everyday things. The complexity of modern devices; Human-centered designs; Fundamental principles of interaction; The system image; The paradox of technology; The design challenge; -- 2. The psychology of everyday actions. How people do things: the gulfs of execution and evaluation; The seven stages of action; Human thought: Mostly subconscious; Human cognition and emotion; The seven stages of action and the three levels of processing; People as storytellers; Blaming the wrong things; Falsely blaming yourself; The seven stages of action: Seven fundamental design principles -- 3. Knowledge in the head and in the world. Precise behavior from imprecise knowledge; Memory is knowledge in the head; The structure of memory; Approximate models: Memory in the real world; Knowledge in the head; The tradeoff between knowledge in the world and in the head; Memory in multiple heads, multiple devices; Natural mapping; Culture and design: Natural mappings can vary with culture. 4. Knowing what to do : constraints, discoverability and feedback. Four kinds of constraints: Physical, cultural, semantic, and logical; Applying affordances, signifiers, and constraints to everyday objects; Constraints that force the desired behavior; Conventions, constraints, and affordances; The faucet: A case history of design; Using sound as signifiers -- 5. Human error? No, bad design. Understanding why there is error; Deliberate violations; Two types of errors: Slips and mistakes; The classification of slips; The classification of mistakes; Social and institutional pressures; Reporting error; Detecting error; Designing for error; When good design isn't enough; Resilience engineering; The paradox of automation; Design principles for dealing with error -- 6. Design thinking. Solving the correct problem; The double-diamond model of design; The human-centered design process; What I just told you? It doesn't really work that way; The design challenge; Complexity is good: It is confusion that is bad; Standardization and technology; Deliberately making things difficult; Design: Developing technology for people -- 7. Design in the world of business. Competitive forces; New technologies force change; How long does it take to introduce a new product?; Two forms of innovation: Incremental and radical; The design of everyday things: 1998-2038; The future of books; The moral obligations of design; Design thinking and thinking about design.