TY - BOOK AU - Kostof,Spiro TI - The City Assembled: the elements of urban form through history. SN - 0500281726 AV - HT111 K62 1992 PY - 2005/// CY - London, New York PB - Thames & Hudson Ltd KW - Cities and towns KW - History KW - Local KW - City planning KW - City and town life N1 - Includes index; Bibliography: p. 311-313; CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION 7 -- 1 THE CITY EDGE 11 -- PRELIMINARIES 11 -- THE Customs Boundary 12 -- The Multiple Edge 15 -- THE WALLED EDGE 26 -- Alternative Boundaries 26 -- The Nature Of City Walls 28 -- The Fringe Belt 34 -- City Gates 36 -- Mural Traces 38 -- MEETING THE WATER 39 -- River Town 39 -- Ports and Resorts 41 -- ON THE PERIPHERY 47 -- Early Suburbs 47 -- Planned Extensions 49 -- Industrial Extremities 51 -- THE OPEN CITY 54 -- Controls at the Fringe 55 -- THE SOFT EDGE OF SUBURBIA 59 -- Transportation and the City Edge 59 -- A Spectrum of Suburbs 62 -- Edge Cities 67 -- 2 Urban Divisions 71 -- INTRODUCTION 71 -- THE SOVEREIGN DISTRICT 74 -- Prince, Courtiers, and People 74 -- A Site for the Princely Residence 75 -- Changing the Course of State 78 -- Democracy and Socialism 80 -- GOD IN THE CITY 82 -- God vs King 82 -- Temple and Temenos 86 -- God among Neighbors 87 -- The Christian Parish 88 -- The Contest of Religion 90 -- The Separation of Church and State 91 -- PAGUS MERCATORIUM 92 -- Market Towns 92 -- Hosting Foreign Merchants 93 -- The Market and the State 94 -- The environment of Trade 96 -- The Case of Islam 99 -- The Business District of Capitalism 99 -- KEEPING APART 102 -- Barriers Visible and Invisible 104 -- Cultural Separation 106 -- The Modern Colonial City 110 -- Economic Segregation 117 -- 3 PUBLIC PLACES 123 -- THE NATURE OF PUBLIC PLACES 123 -- The Life and Control of the Public 124 -- Privatized Public Realms 125 -- Courtyard and Square 127 -- THE DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC PLACES 130 -- At the City Edge 130 -- Town Squares 130 -- Multiple Systems 134 -- MATTERS OF SIZE 136 -- Disencumbering 138 -- Totalitarian Scales 141 -- TYPOLOGIES 144 -- The Frame and the People 144 -- The Classifiers 146 -- Shapes of Squares 149 -- A Book of Uses 152 -- PUBLIC PARKS 164 -- A Backward Look 166 -- The Modern Park 169 -- THE PUBLIC PLACES OF TODAY 172 -- 4 THE STREET 189 -- INTRODUCTION 189 -- Historical Notes 190 -- Private Streets 192 -- THE STREET AS PUBLIC SPACE 194 -- The Theatre of Power 195 -- Culture and Class 198 -- The Regulated Street 200 -- Sidewalks and Paving 209 -- THE DESIGN OF STRETS 213 -- The Building Line 214 --- Porticoes and Porches 216 -- SOME STREET TYPES 218 -- Waterways 218 -- The Bridge Street 225 -- The Boulevard 228 -- Covered Streets 230 -- THE ADVENT OF THE MODERNIST STREET 231 -- Unwin and Le Corbusier 231 -- Precedents Technological and Social 234 -- Compromising Modernism: Early Experiments 235 -- Elevating the Pedestrian 237 -- The Return of the Street 239 -- 5 URBAN PROCESS 245 -- THE FALL AND RISE OF CITIES 245 -- London and Lisbon 245 -- Urban Longevity 250 -- DISASTERS AND THEIR AFTERMATHS 251 -- Straying Put 251 -- Urban Conflagration 252 -- Earthquakes, Floods, and Hurricanes 253 -- THE DESTRUCTION OF OF WAR 254 -- Damnatio Memoriae 254 -- Saks, Light and Through 257 -- The Second World War 258 -- Reconstruction 260 -- HAUSSMANNIZATION 266 -- Public Utility and the Law 267 -- The Taking of Property 269 -- Haussmann Outside Europe 273 -- Urban Renewal Western Style 275 -- INCREMENTAL CHANGES 279 -- The “Medievalizing” of Rome 279 -- “Organic” Changes 290 -- Urban Infill 292 -- Burgage Plots 294 -- The American Case 296 -- PROCESS AGAINST CONSERVATION: THE LIFE OF URBAN FORM 298 -- Notes 306 -- Bibliography 311 -- Acknowledgments for Illustrations 314 -- Index 315 -- ER -