TY - BOOK AU - Weaver,Martin E. AU - Matero,F.G. TI - Conserving buildings: guide to techniques and materials. SN - 0471509450 AV - NA105 W43 1997 PY - 1997/// CY - New York : PB - Wiley KW - Buildings KW - Conservation and restoration KW - Technique KW - Local KW - Building materials KW - Buildings Conservation N1 - Includes index; Contents: 1 A General Introduction to the Conservation of Buildings 1 -- Reference 2 -- 2 Investigating Old Buildings 3 -- Measuring Historic Buildings and Structures 3 -- Recording for Possible Future Use 4 -- Surveying and Recording for Contract Use 4 -- Structural Survey Records 5 -- Categories of Structural Cracks 5 -- Access to Structures for Investigations 6 -- A Preuse Checklist for Access Systems 8 -- The Inspection Kit 10 -- References 11 -- 3 The Study of Building Materials 12 -- Reference 12 -- 4 Restoring and Repairing Old Wooden Structures 13 -- Historic Timberwork 13 -- A Question of Species 14 -- Historic Timber Structures 16 -- Log Structures 16 -- Unusual Timber Structures 17 -- Further Reading 17 -- The Nature of Wood 18 -- Moisture Contents and Shrinkage 19 -- Wood Deterioration 19 -- Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Factors 20 -- Biodeterioration 23 -- Bacteria 23 -- Fungi 23 -- Types of Fungi 25 -- Molds 26 -- Sapstains 26 -- Insects 26 -- Marine Borers 34 -- Plants 34 -- Animals 36 -- The Timber Defects Survey 36 -- Repair and Restoration 39 -- Wood Restoration and Conservation 39 -- Partial or Complete Replacement 40 -- Mechanical Reinforcement 40 -- Consolidation by Impregnation 42 -- Reinforcement Systems and Consolidation 43 -- Pesticides and Preservatives 46 -- The Development of the Use of Chemicals Against Pests 48 -- References 57 -- 5 Restoring Stonework 58 -- Research 58 -- The Conservation of Stonework 71 -- Building and Monumental Stones of the United States 84 -- Names and Descriptions of Stones 84 -- Sources 87 -- Stone Conservation Case Histories 88 -- 6 Architectural Ceramics 99 -- Bricks 99 -- Terracotta 109 -- Conclusion 131 -- Appendix on Current Manufacturers 132 -- References 132 -- 7 Cementitious Materials 133 -- Mortars 133 -- Concrete 141 -- Plaster 147 -- References 158 -- Plaster Conservation Case History 159 -- 8 Cleaning Masonry 161 -- Categories of Masonry Materials 161 -- Categories of Soiling and Solvents 162 -- Pollution Controls 173 -- Future Directions 174 -- Reference 175 -- 9 Architectural Metalwork 175 -- General Introduction 175 -- Origins 175 -- Chemical and Physical Deterioration 175 -- Qualities and Alloys 176 -- Temperature and Pressure Effects 176 -- Atomic Structure 177 -- Galvanic Corrosion 179 -- Cathodic Protection 181 -- Forms of Corrosion 181 -- Iron and Steel 181 -- Repainting 187 -- Sheet Copperwork 190 -- Bronzes and Copper Alloys 199 -- References 215 -- 10 Paints and Coatings (by Frank G. Matero) 216 -- Painting Materials 216 -- Pigments 216 -- The Vehicle or Medium 218 -- Paint Systems 220 -- Paint Failure and Common Deterioration Mechanisms 221 -- Paint Investigation and Analysis 222 -- Restoration and Conservation Treatment Techniques 226 -- Removal Methods 226 -- Retention Methods 228 -- Reattachment 228 -- Cleaning 229 -- Replication and Compensation 229 -- Bibliography 231 -- 11 Architectural Glass 232 -- Glass Materials and Manufacture 232 -- Glass 233 -- Colored Glass 233 -- Glass Types 233 -- Forming the Glass 233 -- Glass Deterioration 234 -- Glass Formulae and their Effects on Durability 235 -- Crizzling and Weeping Glasses 235 -- Lead Glasses and their Deterioration 235 -- Increases in Opacity 236 -- The Deterioration of Painting on Glass 236 -- Describing Different Forms of Deterioration 236 -- Leaded Glass 236 -- Durability of Glasses in the Built Environment 236 -- The Conservation and Restoration of Glass and Glazing 237 -- References 238 -- 12 Foundations and Footings 239 -- The Nature and Problems of Old Foundations and Footings 239 -- Piling 240 -- Soils and Rock 241 -- Differential Settlement 241 -- Continuous Underpinning 245 -- Prestressing and Pretesting 245 -- Piled Underpinning 246 -- Jacked Piling 246 -- Root Piles or Pale Radici 246 -- Cantilever Underpinning 247 -- Seismic Isolation Retrofitting 247 -- Bibliography 248 -- References 248 -- 13 Restoring Slate Roofing 249 -- Approaching Restoration 249 -- The Nature of Slate and Some Inherent Problems 249 -- Faults Associated with Quarrying, Transport, and Laying 250 -- Failures in Slate Roofing Systems and Fixings 251 -- Underlays and Substructures 251 -- Restoration Criteria 251 -- Dimensions 251 -- Textures, Forms, Patterns, and Types 252 -- Colors and Sources 252 -- Further Reading 253 -- 14 Synthetic Resins, Polymers, and Preservation 254 -- Plastics 254 -- Natural and Historic Synthetic Resins and Polymers 254 -- Resins Plus What? 256 -- Resins and Plastics in Conservation 256 -- Acrylics 256 -- Cellulosics 256 -- Polyvinyls 256 -- Epoxides 257 -- Polyesters 257 -- Silicones 257 -- Siliconates 257 -- Silanes 257 -- Oligomerous Alkylalkoxysiloxanes 258 -- Polymeric Alkylalkoxysiloxanes 258 -- Silicic Acid Esters 258 -- References 258 -- Further Reading 259 -- 15 Historic Wallpapers 260 -- The Attachment of Wallpapers 262 -- The Care and Preservation of Wallpapers 262 -- The Reproduction of Old Wallpapers 263 -- Further Reading 264 -- Index 265 -- ER -