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With a reputation for outstanding scientific quality, Organic Chemistry by G. Marc Loudon is a textbook that students will actually want to read. This much-anticipated fourth edition continues its predecessors' popular and unique mechanistic approach within a functional group framework. Enhanced biological and biochemical material makes it ideal for chemistry majors as well as pre-medical and pre-pharmacy students taking a full-year, sophomore- level course. Loudon's excellent use of language and reader-friendly style transform organic chemistry into a logical, understandable, and exciting subject for students.In use at undergraduate and graduate schools of all levels, this authoritative yet accessible volume is packed with effective analogies that enliven and clarify rigorous discussions of important concepts. For example, Loudon uses a flute player jumping between musical octaves to explain transitions between quantum levels. An engaging detective with combined characteristics from Sherlock Holmes and James Bond depicts resonance structures. Thanks to humorous characters like Flick Flaskflinger and Professor Havno Scentz, problem-solving becomes simultaneously challenging and entertaining. Varying from the routine to the complex, Loudon's problems are renowned for their originality, their range of difficulty levels, and their ability to teach students to understand and predict organic reactivity rather than just memorize facts. In addition, Loudon blends biological, environmental, and industrial applications of organic chemistry into the body of the text-rather than separating them as "special topics"-giving students an integrated sense of the subject in its real-life context.Other FeaturesDT Uses a high-resolution 300 MHz spectra run specifically for this text in an easy-to-read format that makes splitting patterns very clear.DT Includes new sections on transition-metal organometallic chemistry, reactions of pyridoxal phosphate, combinatorial synthesis, and drug design.DT Emphasizes both Bronsted and Lewis acid-base chemistry and their associated curved-arrow notations.DT Provides more than 1,500 excellent in-text problems that challenge students to think and analyze rather than just memorize.DT Presents "boxed asides" with interesting historical vignettes and analogies that enrich the text.DT Utilizes extensive cross-references between important concepts, thus saving students trips to the index.DT Supplemented by a CD-ROM--"Dynamic Organic Chemistry"--containing original animations (Mac and Windows compatible).DT Accompanied by a comprehensive Study Guide and Solutions Manual, acclaimed as one of the best in the field. This combination guide/manual supplies not only answers but also detailed solutions to all text problems. Its "Study Guide Links" show students how to solve problems, provide shortcuts to mastering particular topics, and offer detailed discussions of concepts that students often find difficult. Full chapter outlines, a glossary of terms, and reaction reviews are provided.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xxv)
• About the Author(p. xxxiii)
• Chapter 1 Chemical Bonding and Chemical Structure(p. 1)
• 1.1 Introduction(p. 1)
• 1.2 Classical Theories of Chemical Bonding(p. 3)
• 1.3 Structures of Covalent Compounds(p. 11)
• 1.4 Resonance Structures(p. 18)
• 1.5 Wave Nature of the Electron(p. 20)
• 1.6 Electronic Structure of the Hydrogen Atom(p. 21)
• 1.7 Electronic Structures of More Complex Atoms(p. 27)
• 1.8 Another Look at the Covalent Bond: Molecular Orbitals(p. 30)
• 1.9 Hybrid Orbitals(p. 35)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 1(p. 38)
• Additional Problems(p. 39)
• Chapter 2 Alkanes(p. 43)
• 2.1 Hydrocarbons(p. 43)
• 2.2 Unbranched Alkanes(p. 45)
• 2.3 Conformations of Alkanes(p. 47)
• 2.4 Constitutional Isomers and Nomenclature(p. 53)
• 2.5 Cycloalkanes and Skeletal Structures(p. 62)
• 2.6 Physical Properties of Alkanes(p. 65)
• 2.7 Combustion and Elemental Analysis(p. 70)
• 2.8 Occurrence and Use of Alkanes(p. 73)
• 2.9 Functional Groups, Compound Classes, and the "R" Notation(p. 76)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 2(p. 78)
• Additional Problems(p. 78)
• Chapter 3 Acids and Bases: The Curved-Arrow Notation(p. 82)
• 3.1 Lewis Acid-Base Association Reactions(p. 82)
• 3.2 Electron-Pair Displacement Reactions(p. 85)
• 3.3 Review of the Curved-Arrow Notation(p. 89)
• 3.4 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases(p. 91)
• 3.5 Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium(p. 96)
• 3.6 Relationship of Structure to Acidity(p. 99)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 3(p. 105)
• Additional Problems(p. 106)
• Chapter 4 Introduction to Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity(p. 111)
• 4.1 Structure and Bonding in Alkenes(p. 111)
• 4.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes(p. 119)
• 4.3 Unsaturation Number(p. 126)
• 4.4 Physical Properties of Alkenes(p. 127)
• 4.5 Relative Stabilities of Alkene Isomers(p. 128)
• 4.6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes(p. 133)
• 4.7 Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes(p. 134)
• 4.8 Reaction Rates(p. 142)
• 4.9 Catalysis(p. 150)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 4(p. 155)
• Additional Problems(p. 156)
• Chapter 5 Addition Reactions of Alkenes(p. 160)
• 5.1 Reactions of Alkenes with Halogens(p. 160)
• 5.2 Writing Organic Reactions(p. 164)
• 5.3 Conversion of Alkenes Into Alcohols(p. 165)
• 5.4 Ozonolysis of Alkenes(p. 173)
• 5.5 Free-Radical Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Alkenes(p. 177)
• 5.6 Polymers: Free-Radical Polymerization of Alkenes(p. 190)
• 5.7 Alkenes in the Chemical Industry(p. 192)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 5(p. 195)
• Additional Problems(p. 195)
• Chapter 6 Principles of Stereochemistry(p. 201)
• 6.1 Enantiomers, Chirality, and Symmetry(p. 201)
• 6.2 Nomenclature of Enantiomers: The R,S System(p. 206)
• 6.3 Physical Properties of Enantiomers: Optical Activity(p. 209)
• 6.4 Racemates(p. 213)
• 6.5 Stereochemical Correlation(p. 215)
• 6.6 Diastereomers(p. 217)
• 6.7 Meso Compounds(p. 221)
• 6.8 Enantiomeric Resolution(p. 224)
• 6.9 Chiral Molecules Without Asymmetric Atoms(p. 226)
• 6.10 Conformational Stereoisomers(p. 228)
• 6.11 Fischer Projections(p. 231)
• 6.12 The Postulation of Tetrahedral Carbon(p. 235)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 6(p. 239)
• Additional Problems(p. 239)
• Chapter 7 Cyclic Compounds: Stereochemistry of Reactions(p. 244)
• 7.1 Relative Stabilities of the Monocyclic Alkanes(p. 244)
• 7.2 Conformations of Cyclohexane(p. 245)
• 7.3 Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes: Conformational Analysis(p. 253)
• 7.4 Disubstituted Cyclohexanes(p. 257)
• 7.5 Cyclopentane, Cyclobutane, and Cyclopropane(p. 265)
• 7.6 Bicyclic and Polycyclic Compounds(p. 268)
• 7.7 Relative Reactivities of Stereoisomers(p. 275)
• 7.8 Reactions That Form Stereoisomers(p. 278)
• 7.9 Stereochemistry of Chemical Reactions(p. 283)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 7(p. 293)
• Additional Problems(p. 294)
• Chapter 8 Introduction to Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols, and Sulfides(p. 301)
• 8.1 Nomenclature(p. 302)
• 8.2 Structures(p. 310)
• 8.3 Effect of Molecular Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding on Physical Properties(p. 311)
• 8.4 Solvents in Organic Chemistry(p. 316)
• 8.5 Applications of Solubility and Solvation Principles(p. 322)
• 8.6 Acidity of Alcohols and Thiols(p. 328)
• 8.7 Basicity of Alcohols and Ethers(p. 333)
• 8.8 Grignard and Organolithium Reagents(p. 334)
• 8.9 Industrial Preparation and Use of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, and Ethers(p. 338)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 8(p. 346)
• Additional Problems(p. 347)
• Chapter 9 Chemistry of Alkyl Halides(p. 351)
• 9.1 An Overview of Nucleophilic Substitution and [beta]-Elimination Reactions(p. 351)
• 9.2 Equilibrium in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions(p. 356)
• 9.3 Reaction Rates(p. 357)
• 9.4 The S[subscript N]2 Reaction(p. 360)
• 9.5 The E2 Reaction(p. 371)
• 9.6 The S[subscript N]1 and E1 Reactions(p. 382)
• 9.7 Summary of Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides(p. 391)
• 9.8 Carbenes and Carbenoids(p. 394)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 9(p. 399)
• Additional Problems(p. 400)
• Chapter 10 Chemistry of Alcohols and Thiols(p. 408)
• 10.1 Dehydration of Alcohols(p. 408)
• 10.2 Reactions of Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides(p. 411)
• 10.3 Sulfonate and Inorganic Ester Derivatives of Alcohols(p. 414)
• 10.4 Conversion of Alcohols into Alkyl Halides: Summary(p. 422)
• 10.5 Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry(p. 423)
• 10.6 Oxidation of Alcohols(p. 430)
• 10.7 Biological Oxidation of Ethanol(p. 433)
• 10.8 Chemical and Stereochemical Group Equivalence(p. 436)
• 10.9 Oxidation of Thiols(p. 443)
• 10.10 Synthesis of Alcohols(p. 446)
• 10.11 Design of Organic Synthesis(p. 447)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 10(p. 449)
• Additional Problems(p. 450)
• Chapter 11 Chemistry of Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Sulfides(p. 455)
• 11.1 Synthesis of Ethers and Sulfides(p. 455)
• 11.2 Synthesis of Epoxides(p. 461)
• 11.3 Cleavage of Ethers(p. 464)
• 11.4 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Epoxides(p. 467)
• 11.5 Preparation and Oxidative Cleavage of Glycols(p. 473)
• 11.6 Oxonium and Sulfonium Salts(p. 479)
• 11.7 Neighboring-Group Participation: Intramolecular Reactions(p. 481)
• 11.8 Oxidation of Ethers and Sulfides(p. 484)
• 11.9 The Three Fundamental Operations of Organic Synthesis(p. 485)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 11(p. 487)
• Additional Problems(p. 488)
• Chapter 12 Introduction to Spectroscopy: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry(p. 497)
• 12.1 Introduction to Spectroscopy(p. 497)
• 12.2 Infrared Spectroscopy(p. 502)
• 12.3 Infrared Absorption and Chemical Structure(p. 505)
• 12.4 Functional-Group Infrared Absorptions(p. 512)
• 12.5 The Infrared Spectrometer(p. 517)
• 12.6 Introduction to Mass Spectrometry(p. 518)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 12(p. 531)
• Additional Problems(p. 531)
• Chapter 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(p. 539)
• 13.1 An Overview of Proton NMR Spectroscopy(p. 539)
• 13.2 Physical Basis of NMR Spectroscopy(p. 542)
• 13.3 The NMR Spectrum: Chemical Shift and Integral(p. 544)
• 13.4 The NMR Spectrum: Spin-Spin Splitting(p. 557)
• 13.5 Complex NMR Spectra(p. 566)
• 13.6 USE of Deuterium in Proton NMR(p. 573)
• 13.7 Characteristic Functional-Group NMR Absorptions(p. 574)
• 13.8 NMR Spectroscopy of Dynamic Systems(p. 581)
• 13.9 Carbon NMR(p. 584)
• 13.10 Solving Structure Problems with Spectroscopy(p. 591)
• 13.11 The NMR Spectrometer(p. 594)
• 13.12 Other uses of NMR(p. 596)
• Key Idens in Chapter 13(p. 597)
• Additional Problems(p. 597)
• Chapter 14 Chemistry of Alkynes(p. 606)
• 14.1 Nomenclature of Alkynes(p. 606)
• 14.2 Structure and Bonding In Alkynes(p. 608)
• 14.3 Physical Properties of Alkynes(p. 611)
• 14.4 Introduction to Addition Reac Hons of the Triple Bond(p. 614)
• 14.5 Conversion of Alkynes Into Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 615)
• 14.6 Reduction of Alkynes(p. 620)
• 14.7 Acidity of 1-Alkynes(p. 623)
• 14.8 Organic Synthesis Using Alkynes(p. 627)
• 14.9 Pheromones(p. 628)
• 14.10 Occurrence and use of Alkynes(p. 630)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 14(p. 631)
• Additional Problems(p. 632)
• Chapter 15 Dienes, Resonance, and Aromaticity(p. 637)
• 15.1 Structure and Stability of Dienes(p. 638)
• 15.2 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy(p. 642)
• 15.3 The Diels-Alder Reaction(p. 648)
• 15.4 Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Conjugated Dienes(p. 658)
• 15.5 Diene Polymers(p. 664)
• 15.6 Resonance(p. 666)
• 15.7 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds(p. 673)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 15(p. 684)
• Additional Problems(p. 685)
• Chapter 16 Chemistry of Benzene and Its Derivatives(p. 694)
• 16.1 Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives(p. 694)
• 16.2 Physical Properties of Benzene Derivatives(p. 697)
• 16.3 Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives(p. 698)
• 16.4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Benzene(p. 704)
• 16.5 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Substituted Benzenes(p. 716)
• 16.6 Hydrogenation of Benzene Derivatives(p. 731)
• 16.7 Source and Industrial use of Aromatic Hydrocarbons(p. 732)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 16(p. 735)
• Additional Problems(p. 735)
• Chapter 17 Allylic and Benzylic Reactivity(p. 743)
• 17.1 Reactions Involving Allylic and Benzylic Carbocations(p. 744)
• 17.2 Reactions Involving Allylic and Benzylic Radicals(p. 748)
• 17.3 Reactions Involving Allylic and Benzylic Anions(p. 753)
• 17.4 Allylic and Benzylic S[subscript N]2 Reactions(p. 757)
• 17.5 Benzylic Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes(p. 758)
• 17.6 Terpenes(p. 759)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 17(p. 766)
• Additional Problems(p. 767)
• Chapter 18 Chemistry of Aryl Halides, Vinylic Halides, and Phenols: Transition-Metal Catalysis(p. 775)
• 18.1 Lack of Reactivity of Vinylic and Aryl Halides Under S[subscript N]2 Conditions(p. 776)
• 18.2 Elimination Reactions of Vinylic Halides(p. 778)
• 18.3 Lack of Reactivity of Vinylic and Aryl Halides Under S[subscript N]1 Conditions(p. 779)
• 18.4 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Halides(p. 781)
• 18.5 Transition-Metal Catalyzed Coupling Reactions(p. 788)
• 18.6 Acidity of Phenols(p. 807)
• 18.7 Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones(p. 811)
• 18.8 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Phenols(p. 815)
• 18.9 Reactivity of the Aryl-Oxygen Bond(p. 819)
• 18.10 Industrial Preparation and use of Phenol(p. 823)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 18(p. 824)
• Additional Problems(p. 825)
• Chapter 19 Chemistry of Aldehydes and Ketones: Carbonyl-Addition Reactions(p. 836)
• 19.1 Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 838)
• 19.2 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 842)
• 19.3 Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 843)
• 19.4 Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 851)
• 19.5 Introduction to Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions(p. 851)
• 19.6 Basicity of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 852)
• 19.7 Reversible Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 855)
• 19.8 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols(p. 861)
• 19.9 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Grignard and Related Reagents(p. 865)
• 19.10 Acetals and Their use as Protecting Groups(p. 868)
• 19.11 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines(p. 874)
• 19.12 Reduction of Carbonyl Groups to Methylene Groups(p. 879)
• 19.13 The Wittig Alkene Synthesis(p. 881)
• 19.14 Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids(p. 884)
• 19.15 Manufacture and use of Aldehydes and Ketones(p. 886)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 19(p. 887)
• Additional Problems(p. 888)
• Chapter 20 Chemistry of Carboxylic Acids(p. 895)
• 20.1 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids(p. 895)
• 20.2 Structure and Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids(p. 900)
• 20.3 Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids(p. 902)
• 20.4 Acid-Base Properties of Carboxylic Acids(p. 904)
• 20.5 Fatty Acids, Soaps, and Detergents(p. 908)
• 20.6 Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids(p. 910)
• 20.7 Introduction to Carboxylic Acid Reactions(p. 911)
• 20.8 Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Esters(p. 913)
• 20.9 Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides(p. 918)
• 20.10 Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols(p. 922)
• 20.11 Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids(p. 923)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 20(p. 926)
• Additional Problems(p. 926)
• Chapter 21 Chemistry of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 934)
• 21.1 Nomenclature and Classification of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 934)
• 21.2 Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 940)
• 21.3 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 942)
• 21.4 Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 944)
• 21.5 Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 949)
• 21.6 Introduction to Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 950)
• 21.7 Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 951)
• 21.8 Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Nucleophiles(p. 963)
• 21.9 Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 969)
• 21.10 Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Organometallic Reagents(p. 977)
• 21.11 Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives(p. 980)
• 21.12 Use and Occurrence of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives(p. 982)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 21(p. 986)
• Additional Problems(p. 987)
• Chapter 22 Chemistry of Enolate Ions, Enols, and [alpha],[beta]-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds(p. 997)
• 22.1 Acidity of Carbonyl compounds(p. 998)
• 22.2 Enolization of Carbonyl Compounds(p. 1003)
• 22.3 [alpha]-Halogenation of Carbonyl Compounds(p. 1007)
• 22.4 Aldol Addition and Aldol Condensation(p. 1014)
• 22.5 Condensation Reactions Involving Ester Enolate Ions(p. 1023)
• 22.6 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids(p. 1032)
• 22.7 Alkylation of Ester Enolate Ions(p. 1035)
• 22.8 Conjugate-Addition Reactions(p. 1043)
• 22.9 Reduction of [alpha],[beta]-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds(p. 1052)
• 22.10 Reactions of [alpha],[beta]-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Organometallic Reagents(p. 1053)
• 22.11 Organic Synthesis with Conjugate-Addition Reactions(p. 1055)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 22(p. 1057)
• Additional Problems(p. 1058)
• Chapter 23 Chemistry of Amines(p. 1069)
• 23.1 Nomenclature of Amines(p. 1070)
• 23.2 Structure of Amines(p. 1072)
• 23.3 Physical Properties of Amines(p. 1073)
• 23.4 Spectroscopy of Amines(p. 1074)
• 23.5 Basicity and Acidity of Amines(p. 1076)
• 23.6 Quaternary Ammonium Salts(p. 1083)
• 23.7 Alkylation and Acylation Reactions of Amines(p. 1083)
• 23.8 Hofmann Elimination of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides(p. 1088)
• 23.9 Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Aniline Derivatives(p. 1092)
• 23.10 Diazotization: Reactions of Diazonium Ions(p. 1094)
• 23.11 Synthesis of Amines(p. 1100)
• 23.12 Use and Occurrence of Amines(p. 1108)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 23(p. 1110)
• Additional Problems(p. 1111)
• Chapter 24 Chemistry of Naphthalene and the Aromatic Heterocycles(p. 1120)
• 24.1 Chemistry of Naphthalene(p. 1122)
• 24.2 Introduction to the Aromatic Heterocycles(p. 1128)
• 24.3 Chemistry of Furan, Pyrrole, and Thiophene(p. 1135)
• 24.4 Synthesis of Indoles(p. 1140)
• 24.5 Chemistry of Pyridine and Quinoline(p. 1144)
• 24.6 Occurrence of Heterocyclic Compounds(p. 1161)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 24(p. 1162)
• Additional Problems(p. 1163)
• Chapter 25 Pericyclic Reactions(p. 1172)
• 25.1 Molecular Orbitals of Conjugated [pi]-Electron Systems(p. 1175)
• 25.2 Electrocyclic Reactions(p. 1183)
• 25.3 Cycloaddition Reactions(p. 1183)
• 25.4 Sigmatropic Reactions(p. 1192)
• 25.5 Summary of the Pericyclic Selection Rules(p. 1203)
• 25.6 Fluxional Molecules(p. 1204)
• 25.7 Formation of Vitamin D(p. 1205)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 25(p. 1207)
• Additional Problems(p. 1208)
• Chapter 26 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins(p. 1215)
• 26.1 Nomenclature of Amino Acids and Peptides(p. 1216)
• 26.2 Stereochemistry of the [alpha]-Amino Acids(p. 1220)
• 26.3 Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids and Peptides(p. 1221)
• 26.4 Synthesis and Enantiomeric Resolution of [alpha]-Amino Acids(p. 1229)
• 26.5 Acylation and Esterification Reactions of Amino Acids(p. 1232)
• 26.6 Determination of Peptide Structure(p. 1233)
• 26.7 Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis(p. 1246)
• 26.8 Combinatorial Chemistry(p. 1255)
• 26.9 Structures of Peptides and Proteins(p. 1261)
• 26.10 Enzymes: Biological Catalysts(p. 1270)
• 26.11 Occurrence of Peptides and Proteins(p. 1279)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 26(p. 1280)
• Additional Problems(p. 1281)
• Chapter 27 Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids(p. 1291)
• 27.1 Classification and Properties of Carbohydrates(p. 1292)
• 27.2 Structures of the Monosaccharides(p. 1293)
• 27.3 Mutarotation of Carbohydrates(p. 1302)
• 27.4 Base-Catalyzed Isomerization of Aldoses and Ketoses(p. 1306)
• 27.5 Glycosides(p. 1308)
• 27.6 Ether and Ester Derivatives of Carbohydrates(p. 1311)
• 27.7 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions of Carbohydrates(p. 1314)
• 27.8 Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis(p. 1319)
• 27.9 Proof of Glucose Stereochemistry(p. 1320)
• 27.10 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides(p. 1326)
• 27.11 Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids(p. 1333)
• 27.12 DNA, RNA, and the Genetic Code(p. 1341)
• Key Ideas in Chapter 27(p. 1345)
• Additional Problems(p. 1346)
• Appendixes(p. 1)
• Appendix I Substitutive Nomenclature of Organic Compounds(p. 1)
• Appendix II Infrared Absorptions of Organic Compounds(p. 2)
• Appendix III Proton NMR Chemical Shifts in Organic Compounds(p. 5)
• Appendix IV [superscript 13]C NMR Chemical Shifts in Organic Compounds(p. 7)
• Appendix V Summary of Synthetic Methods(p. 8)
• Appendix VI Reactions Used to Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds(p. 13)
• Appendix VII Typical Acidities and Basicities of Organic Functional Groups(p. 14)
• Credits(p. 1)
• Index(p. 1)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

G. Marc Loudon is Cwalina Distinguished Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at Purdue University