Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Specialized Contents(p. ix)
• Welcome to Human Communication: The Basic Course(p. xii)
• Part 1 Foundations of Human Communication(p. 1)
• 1 Preliminaries to Human Communication(p. 1)
• Elements of Human Communication(p. 2)
• Communication Context(p. 4)
• Sources-Receivers(p. 5)
• Messages(p. 6)
• Channels(p. 9)
• Noise(p. 9)
• Communication Effects(p. 10)
• Ethics(p. 10)
• The Elements in Transaction(p. 11)
• Purposes of Human Communication(p. 12)
• To Discover(p. 12)
• To Relate(p. 12)
• To Help(p. 13)
• To Persuade(p. 13)
• To Play(p. 14)
• Types of Human Communication(p. 14)
• 2 Principles of Communication(p. 21)
• Communication Is a Package of Signals(p. 22)
• Communication Is a Process of Adjustment(p. 23)
• Communication Accommodation(p. 24)
• Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions(p. 25)
• Ignoring Relationship Dimensions(p. 26)
• Recognizing Relationship Dimensions(p. 26)
• Communication Is Ambiguous(p. 27)
• Communication Sequences Are Punctuated(p. 28)
• Communication Involves Symmetrical and Complementary Transactions(p. 29)
• Communication Is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable(p. 30)
• Inevitability(p. 30)
• Irreversibility(p. 32)
• Unrepeatability(p. 33)
• 3 Culture and Communication(p. 36)
• What Is Culture?(p. 37)
• The Relationship between Culture and Communication(p. 39)
• The Aim of a Cultural Perspective(p. 40)
• How Cultures Differ(p. 42)
• Individual and Collective Orientation(p. 43)
• High- and Low-Context Cultures(p. 44)
• Power Distances(p. 45)
• Masculine and Feminine Cultures(p. 46)
• Improving Intercultural Communication(p. 47)
• Recognize and Reduce Ethnocentrism(p. 47)
• Confront Your Stereotypes(p. 49)
• Be Mindful(p. 50)
• Face Fears(p. 50)
• Recognize Differences(p. 50)
• Avoid Overattribution(p. 51)
• Recognize Differences in Meaning(p. 51)
• Avoid Violating Cultural Rules and Customs(p. 52)
• Avoid Evaluating Differences Negatively(p. 52)
• Recognize That Culture Shock Is Normal(p. 52)
• 4 Perception(p. 57)
• The Process of Perception(p. 58)
• Stage 1 Stimulation(p. 58)
• Stage 2 Organization(p. 58)
• Stage 3 Interpretation-Evaluation(p. 60)
• Stage 4 Memory(p. 60)
• Stage 5 Recall(p. 60)
• Reflections on the Model of Perception(p. 61)
• Influences on Perception(p. 61)
• Implicit Personality Theory(p. 62)
• The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy(p. 63)
• Perceptual Accentuation(p. 63)
• Primacy-Recency(p. 65)
• Consistency(p. 66)
• Attribution(p. 67)
• Accuracy in Perception(p. 71)
• Analyze Your Perceptions(p. 71)
• Check Your Perceptions(p. 72)
• Reduce Your Uncertainty(p. 73)
• Increase Your Cultural Awareness(p. 74)
• 5 Listening(p. 77)
• The Importance and Benefits of Listening(p. 78)
• The Process of Listening(p. 78)
• Receiving(p. 79)
• Understanding(p. 80)
• Remembering(p. 80)
• Evaluating(p. 82)
• Responding(p. 83)
• Listening, Culture, and Gender(p. 83)
• Listening and Culture(p. 84)
• Listening and Gender(p. 86)
• Styles of Effective Listening(p. 87)
• Empathic and Objective Listening(p. 88)
• Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening(p. 89)
• Surface and Depth Listening(p. 89)
• Active and Inactive Listening(p. 90)
• 6 The Self in Human Communication(p. 95)
• Self-Concept(p. 96)
• Others' Images of You(p. 96)
• Comparisons with Others(p. 96)
• Cultural Teachings(p. 96)
• Your Own Interpretations and Evaluations(p. 97)
• Self-Awareness(p. 97)
• The Four Selves(p. 98)
• Growing in Self-Awareness(p. 98)
• Self-Esteem(p. 100)
• Attack Self-Destructive Beliefs(p. 101)
• Seek Out Nurturing People(p. 101)
• Secure Affirmation(p. 101)
• Work on Projects That Will Result in Success(p. 102)
• Self-Disclosure(p. 102)
• Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure(p. 104)
• Deciding about Self-Disclosure(p. 106)
• 7 Verbal Messages(p. 112)
• Principles of Verbal Messages(p. 113)
• Meanings Are in People(p. 113)
• Meanings Depend on Context(p. 114)
• Messages Are Culturally Influenced(p. 115)
• Language Is Both Denotative and Connotative(p. 117)
• Language Varies in Directness(p. 117)
• Disconfirmation and Confirmation(p. 118)
• Sexism(p. 120)
• Heterosexism(p. 121)
• Racism(p. 121)
• Ageism(p. 122)
• Sexist, Heterosexist, Racist, and Ageist Listening(p. 123)
• Cultural Identifiers(p. 124)
• Using Verbal Messages Effectively(p. 126)
• Language Symbolizes Reality (Partially)(p. 126)
• Language Expresses Both Facts and Inferences(p. 127)
• Language Is Relatively Static(p. 129)
• Language Can Obscure Distinctions(p. 129)
• 8 Nonverbal Messages(p. 133)
• The Functions of Nonverbal Communication(p. 134)
• Integrating Nonverbal and Verbal Messages(p. 134)
• Researching Nonverbal Communication Functions(p. 135)
• The Channels of Nonverbal Communication(p. 136)
• The Body(p. 136)
• Facial Communication(p. 137)
• Eye Communication(p. 139)
• Space Communication(p. 141)
• Territoriality(p. 142)
• Artifactual Communication(p. 144)
• Touch Communication(p. 146)
• Paralanguage: The Vocal Channel(p. 148)
• Silence(p. 149)
• Time Communication(p. 150)
• Smell Communication(p. 151)
• Culture and Nonverbal Communication(p. 152)
• Culture and Facial Expression(p. 153)
• Culture and Colors(p. 153)
• Culture and Touch(p. 154)
• Culture and Silence(p. 154)
• Culture and Time(p. 154)
• Part 2 Interpersonal and Small Group Communication(p. 159)
• 9 Interpersonal Communication: Conversation(p. 159)
• The Conversation Process(p. 160)
• The Conversation Process in Five Stages(p. 163)
• Maintaining Conversations(p. 166)
• Conversational Turns(p. 167)
• Reflections on the Model of Conversation(p. 168)
• Preventing Conversational Problems: The Disclaimer(p. 169)
• Repairing Conversational Problems: The Excuse(p. 171)
• Conversational Skills(p. 172)
• Metaskills(p. 172)
• Specific Skills(p. 176)
• 10 Interpersonal Relationships(p. 182)
• Relationship Processes(p. 185)
• Relationship Development(p. 185)
• Relationship Maintenance(p. 186)
• Relationship Deterioration(p. 188)
• Relationship Repair(p. 190)
• Relationship Types(p. 192)
• Types of Friendships(p. 192)
• Types of Lovers(p. 193)
• Types of Primary Relationships(p. 195)
• Relationship Theories(p. 198)
• Attraction Theory(p. 198)
• Relationship Rules Approach(p. 199)
• Social Penetration Theory(p. 199)
• Social Exchange Theory(p. 200)
• Equity Theory(p. 201)
• Relationships, Culture, and Technology(p. 202)
• Relationships and Culture(p. 202)
• Relationships and Technology(p. 203)
• 11 Small Group Communication(p. 208)
• Small Groups(p. 209)
• Basic Types of Groups(p. 209)
• Small Group Stages(p. 210)
• Small Group Formats(p. 212)
• Small Groups Online(p. 212)
• Small Group Culture(p. 214)
• Power in the Small Group(p. 215)
• Idea-Generation Groups(p. 217)
• Personal Growth Groups(p. 218)
• Popular Personal Growth Groups(p. 218)
• Some Rules and Procedures(p. 218)
• Information-Sharing Groups(p. 219)
• Educational or Learning Groups(p. 219)
• Focus Groups(p. 219)
• Problem-Solving Groups(p. 220)
• The Problem-Solving Sequence(p. 220)
• Problem-Solving Groups at Work(p. 224)
• 12 Members and Leaders(p. 228)
• Members in Small Group Communication(p. 229)
• Member Roles(p. 229)
• Interaction Process Analysis(p. 230)
• Member Participation(p. 230)
• Leaders in Small Group Communication(p. 232)
• Approaches to Leadership(p. 232)
• Functions of Leadership(p. 237)
• Membership, Leadership, and Culture(p. 240)
• 13 Interpersonal and Small Group Conflict(p. 245)
• Interpersonal and Small Group Conflict(p. 246)
• Myths about Conflict(p. 246)
• The Context of Conflict(p. 246)
• The Negatives and Positives of Conflict(p. 248)
• Types of Conflict(p. 250)
• Content and Relationship Conflicts(p. 250)
• Online and Workplace Conflicts(p. 250)
• Conflict Styles(p. 251)
• Conflict Management Skills(p. 252)
• Win-Lose and Win-Win Strategies(p. 253)
• Avoidance and Active Fighting(p. 255)
• Force and Talk(p. 256)
• Blame and Empathy(p. 257)
• Gunnysacking and Present Focus(p. 257)
• Manipulation and Spontaneity(p. 258)
• Personal Rejection and Acceptance(p. 258)
• Fighting below and above the Belt(p. 258)
• Face-Detracting and Face-Enhancing Strategies(p. 258)
• Nonassertive and Assertive Strategies(p. 259)
• Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness(p. 260)
• Before and after the Conflict(p. 262)
• Part 3 Public Speaking(p. 266)
• 14 Public Speaking Topics, Audiences, and Research(p. 266)
• Introducing Public Speaking(p. 267)
• The Benefits of Public Speaking(p. 267)
• Beliefs about Public Speaking(p. 267)
• A Definition of Public Speaking(p. 267)
• Apprehension in Public Speaking(p. 268)
• Reducing Your Apprehension(p. 270)
• Step 1 Select Your Topic and Purpose(p. 272)
• Your Topic(p. 272)
• Your Purpose(p. 278)
• Step 2 Analyze Your Audience(p. 279)
• Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values(p. 279)
• Analyzing the Sociology of the Audience(p. 280)
• Analyzing the Psychology of the Audience(p. 281)
• Analyzing and Adapting during the Speech(p. 283)
• Step 3 Research Your Topic(p. 284)
• General Research Principles(p. 284)
• Research Notes(p. 285)
• Sources of Information(p. 285)
• Evaluating Research(p. 292)
• Integrating Research into Your Speech(p. 293)
• Citing Research Sources(p. 293)
• Plagiarism(p. 294)
• 15 Supporting and Organizing Your Speech(p. 297)
• Step 4 Formulate Your Thesis and Main Points(p. 298)
• Your Thesis(p. 298)
• Main Points(p. 300)
• Step 5 Support Your Main Points(p. 301)
• Examples(p. 301)
• Narratives(p. 302)
• Testimony(p. 302)
• Statistics(p. 302)
• Presentation Aids(p. 304)
• Step 6 Organize Your Speech(p. 313)
• Temporal Pattern(p. 313)
• Spatial Pattern(p. 314)
• Topical Pattern(p. 314)
• Problem-Solution Pattern(p. 314)
• Cause-Effect/Effect-Cause Pattern(p. 314)
• The Motivated Sequence(p. 315)
• Additional Organizational Patterns(p. 316)
• Step 7 Construct Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Transitions(p. 318)
• Introduction(p. 318)
• Conclusion(p. 319)
• Transitions(p. 320)
• Mistakes in Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions(p. 321)
• 16 Style and Delivery in Public Speaking(p. 325)
• Step 8 Outline Your Speech(p. 326)
• Constructing the Outline(p. 326)
• Sample Outlines(p. 328)
• Step 9 Word Your Speech(p. 334)
• Oral Style(p. 334)
• Choosing Words(p. 336)
• Phrasing Sentences(p. 342)
• Step 10 Rehearse and Deliver Your Speech(p. 343)
• Rehearsal(p. 343)
• Delivery(p. 345)
• 17 The Informative Speech(p. 356)
• Guidelines for Informative Speaking(p. 357)
• Limit the Amount of Information(p. 358)
• Adjust the Level of Complexity(p. 358)
• Stress Relevance and Usefulness(p. 359)
• Relate New Information to Old(p. 360)
• Vary the Levels of Abstraction(p. 360)
• The Speech of Description(p. 362)
• Strategies for Describing(p. 362)
• Developing the Speech of Description(p. 362)
• The Speech of Definition(p. 365)
• Strategies for Defining(p. 366)
• Developing the Speech of Definition(p. 368)
• The Speech of Demonstration(p. 369)
• Strategies for Demonstrating(p. 369)
• Developing the Speech of Demonstration(p. 374)
• 18 The Persuasive Speech(p. 377)
• Guidelines for Persuasive Speaking(p. 378)
• Anticipate Selective Exposure(p. 378)
• Ask for Reasonable Amounts of Change(p. 379)
• Identify with Your Audience(p. 380)
• Use Logical Appeals(p. 380)
• Use Emotional Appeals(p. 383)
• Use Credibility Appeals(p. 386)
• Motivate Your Listeners(p. 392)
• The Speech on Questions of Fact(p. 394)
• Thesis(p. 395)
• Main Points(p. 395)
• Support(p. 395)
• Developing Speeches on Questions of Fact(p. 395)
• The Speech on Questions of Value(p. 396)
• Thesis(p. 396)
• Main Points(p. 396)
• Support(p. 396)
• Developing Speeches on Questions of Value(p. 396)
• The Speech on Questions of Policy(p. 401)
• Thesis(p. 401)
• Main Points(p. 402)
• Support(p. 402)
• Developing Speeches on Questions of Policy(p. 402)
• Organizational Examples(p. 402)
• 19 The Mass Media(p. 405)
• The Functional and Dysfunctional Media(p. 406)
• To Help(p. 407)
• To Play(p. 408)
• To Relate, to Create Ties of Union(p. 408)
• To Inform(p. 408)
• To Influence(p. 410)
• Becoming a Critical Consumer of Media(p. 412)
• Learn How the Media Work(p. 412)
• Make Use of a Wide Variety of Media(p. 412)
• Question the Credibility of the Media(p. 412)
• Exercise Critical Thinking(p. 412)
• Talk Back to the Media(p. 413)
• 20 Emotional Communication(p. 416)
• Emotions and Emotional Messages(p. 417)
• The Body, Mind, and Culture in Emotions(p. 417)
• Emotions, Arousal, and Expression(p. 418)
• Emotions, Culture, and Gender(p. 422)
• Principles of Emotional Communication(p. 424)
• Obstacles in Communicating Emotions(p. 425)
• Societal Rules and Customs(p. 425)
• Fear(p. 426)
• Inadequate Interpersonal Skills(p. 427)
• Guidelines for Communicating Emotions(p. 427)
• Describe Your Feelings(p. 428)
• Identify the Reasons for Your Feelings(p. 428)
• Anchor Your Feelings to the Present(p. 428)
• Own Your Own Feelings(p. 428)
• 21 Criticism in the Public Speaking Classroom(p. 431)
• The Nature and Values of Criticism(p. 432)
• Cultural Differences in Approaches to Criticism(p. 433)
• Standards and Principles of Criticism(p. 435)
• Standards of Criticism(p. 435)
• Principles of Expressing Criticism(p. 437)
• 22 Developing Special Occasion Speeches(p. 446)
• The Speech of Introduction(p. 447)
• Guidelines for Speeches of Introduction(p. 447)
• Sample Speeches of Introduction(p. 448)
• The Speech of Presentation or Acceptance(p. 450)
• Guidelines for Speeches of Presentation(p. 450)
• A Sample Speech of Presentation(p. 451)
• Guidelines for Speeches of Acceptance(p. 451)
• Sample Speeches of Acceptance(p. 451)
• The Speech to Secure Goodwill(p. 453)
• Guidelines for Speeches Aimed at Securing Goodwill(p. 453)
• Sample Speeches to Secure Goodwill(p. 454)
• The Speech of Tribute(p. 456)
• Guidelines for Speeches of Tribute(p. 456)
• A Sample Speech of Tribute(p. 456)
• Additional Special Occasion Speeches(p. 457)
• Dedication Speeches(p. 457)
• Commencement Speeches(p. 458)
• Eulogies(p. 458)
• Farewell Speeches(p. 460)