Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:

Details key concepts and theories in the field and offers specific skills and actual dialogues to use in crisis intervention situations. Introduces a six-step model for dealing with people in crisis, and applies this model to many different situations such as suicide, domestic loss, sexual assault, addiction, and school violence. Chapters on hostage situations, violence directed towards crisis workers, and burnout focus on the crisis worker in crisis. Includes exercises, and learning activities drawn from real-life cases. The authors are affiliated with the University of Memphis. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Part 1 Crisis Intervention Theory and Application(p. 1)
• Chapter 1 Approaching Crisis Intervention(p. 3)
• Definitions of Crisis(p. 3)
• Characteristics of Crisis(p. 3)
• Presence of Both Danger and Opportunity(p. 4)
• Complicated Symptomology(p. 4)
• Seeds of Growth and Change(p. 4)
• No Panaceas or Quick Fixes(p. 4)
• The Necessity of Choice(p. 5)
• Universality and Idiosyncrasy(p. 5)
• Applied Crisis Domains(p. 5)
• Developmental Crises(p. 5)
• Situational Crises(p. 5)
• Existential Crises(p. 6)
• Environmental Crises(p. 6)
• Transcrisis States(p. 6)
• Theories of Crisis and Crisis Intervention(p. 8)
• Basic Crisis Intervention(p. 9)
• Expanded Crisis Theory(p. 10)
• Ecosystem Theory(p. 13)
• Electronic Media Impact(p. 13)
• Systemic Interdependency(p. 14)
• A Macrosystemic Approach(p. 14)
• Crisis Intervention Models(p. 14)
• The Equilibrium Model(p. 15)
• The Cognitive Model(p. 15)
• The Psychosocial Transition Model(p. 16)
• Eclectic Crisis Intervention Theory(p. 16)
• Characteristics of Effective Crisis Workers(p. 17)
• Life Experiences(p. 18)
• Professional Skills(p. 19)
• Poise(p. 19)
• Creativity and Flexibility(p. 19)
• Energy(p. 20)
• Quick Mental Reflexes(p. 20)
• Other Characteristics(p. 20)
• Crises and the Personhood of Crisis Workers(p. 21)
• Multicultural Perspectives in Crisis Intervention(p. 21)
• Culturally Biased Assumptions(p. 22)
• Culturally Effective Helping(p. 24)
• Multicultural Issues in Outreach(p. 25)
• Chapter 2 Basic Crisis Intervention Skills(p. 31)
• Introduction(p. 31)
• The Six-Step Model of Crisis Intervention(p. 31)
• Assessing(p. 33)
• Listening(p. 33)
• Step 1 Defining the Problem(p. 33)
• Step 2 Ensuring Client Safety(p. 33)
• Step 3 Providing Support(p. 33)
• Acting(p. 34)
• Step 4 Examining Alternatives(p. 34)
• Step 5 Making Plans(p. 34)
• Step 6 Obtaining Commitment(p. 35)
• Assessment in Crisis Intervention(p. 35)
• Assessing Client Functioning(p. 35)
• Assessing in Crisis Intervention(p. 36)
• Assessing the Severity of Crisis(p. 37)
• The Triage Assessment System(p. 38)
• Psychobiological Assessment(p. 43)
• Assessing the Client's Current Emotional Functioning(p. 44)
• Client's Current Acute or Chronic State(p. 44)
• Client's Reservoir of Emotional Strength(p. 45)
• Strategies for Assessing Emotional Status(p. 45)
• Assessing Alternatives, Coping Mechanisms, and Support Systems(p. 46)
• Assessing for Suicide/Homicide Potential(p. 46)
• Summary of Assessment(p. 47)
• Listening in Crisis Intervention(p. 47)
• Open-Ended Questions(p. 48)
• Closed-Ended Questions(p. 48)
• Owning Feelings(p. 49)
• Climate of Human Growth(p. 51)
• Communicating Empathy(p. 52)
• Communicating Genuineness(p. 55)
• Communicating Acceptance(p. 57)
• Facilitative Listening(p. 57)
• Acting in Crisis Intervention(p. 60)
• Collaborative Counseling(p. 60)
• Nondirective Counseling(p. 61)
• Directive Counseling(p. 62)
• Action Strategies for Crisis Workers(p. 62)
• Chapter 3 Crisis Case Handling(p. 81)
• Handling Crisis Cases Versus Long-Term Cases(p. 81)
• Comparing What Crisis Workers and Long-Term Therapists Do(p. 81)
• Comparison of Principles, Objectives, Client Functioning, and Assessment(p. 82)
• Case Handling on Telephone Crisis Lines(p. 85)
• The Telephone as a Crisis Tool(p. 85)
• Telephone Counseling Strategies(p. 87)
• Regular, Severely Disturbed, and Abusive Callers(p. 92)
• Handling the Severely Disturbed Caller(p. 95)
• Other Problem Callers(p. 99)
• Case Handling at Walk-In Crisis Facilities(p. 103)
• Types of Presenting Crises(p. 103)
• Case Handling at a Community Mental Health Clinic(p. 105)
• Transcrisis Handling in Long-Term Therapy(p. 108)
• Anxiety Reactions(p. 108)
• Regression(p. 109)
• Problems of Termination(p. 110)
• Crisis in the Therapy Session(p. 110)
• Psychotic Breaks(p. 111)
• Manipulative Clients(p. 112)
• Borderline Patients(p. 113)
• Counseling Difficult Clients(p. 116)
• Ground Rules for Counseling Difficult Clients(p. 116)
• Confronting Difficult Clients(p. 117)
• Confidentiality in Case Handling(p. 118)
• Principles Bearing on Confidentiality(p. 118)
• The Intent to Harm and the Duty to Warn(p. 119)
• Legal, Ethical, and Moral Issues of Telephone Counseling(p. 122)
• Part 2 Handling Specific Crises: Going into the Trenches(p. 127)
• Chapter 4 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(p. 129)
• Background(p. 129)
• Dynamics of PTSD(p. 132)
• Diagnostic Categorization(p. 132)
• Conflicting Diagnoses(p. 133)
• The Question of Preexisting Psychopathology(p. 134)
• Physiological Responses(p. 135)
• Affective-State-Dependent Retention(p. 136)
• Incidence, Impact, and Trauma Type(p. 136)
• Incidence(p. 136)
• Residual Impact(p. 137)
• Importance of Trauma Type(p. 137)
• Vietnam: The Archetype(p. 138)
• Intrusive-Repetitive Ideation(p. 141)
• Denial/Numbing(p. 141)
• Increased Nervous Symptom Arousal(p. 142)
• Dissociation(p. 143)
• Family Responses(p. 143)
• Maladaptive Patterns Characteristic of PTSD(p. 144)
• Treatment of Adults(p. 146)
• Assessment(p. 146)
• Phases of Recovery(p. 150)
• Initiating Intervention(p. 150)
• Importance of Acceptance(p. 151)
• Risks of Treatment(p. 152)
• Individual Intervention(p. 153)
• Emergency/Outcry(p. 154)
• Extinguishing Intrusive Images(p. 155)
• Numbing/Denial(p. 155)
• Reflection and Transition(p. 158)
• Integration(p. 161)
• Group Treatment(p. 162)
• The Life Adjustment Group(p. 170)
• Family Treatment(p. 170)
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)(p. 171)
• Children and PTSD(p. 175)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 179)
• Therapy(p. 181)
• Moving Beyond the Trauma(p. 182)
• Chapter 5 Crisis of Lethality(p. 195)
• Background(p. 195)
• The Many Faces of Lethality(p. 195)
• The Scope of the Suicide Crisis(p. 196)
• Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Terminal Illness(p. 196)
• The Dynamics of Suicide(p. 197)
• Characteristics of People Who Commit Suicide(p. 197)
• Similarities Between Suicide and Homicide(p. 198)
• Analyzing Suicide/Homicide Notes for Commonalities Between Suicide and Homicide(p. 198)
• Myths About Suicide(p. 200)
• Assessment Areas(p. 201)
• Risk Factors(p. 201)
• Suicide Clues(p. 203)
• Cries for Help(p. 203)
• Using the Triage Assessment Form in Addressing Lethality(p. 204)
• Counseling Suicidal Clients(p. 205)
• Developmental Crisis Counseling: Adult Age-Specific Examples(p. 205)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 213)
• Adults(p. 213)
• Older Adults(p. 216)
• Prevention(p. 217)
• It's Everyone's Concern(p. 217)
• Educating for Prevention(p. 218)
• Four Methods of Prevention(p. 218)
• When Prevention Fails(p. 218)
• Psychological Autopsy: A Postvention Technique(p. 218)
• When Crisis Intervention Fails(p. 220)
• Worker Stress and Grief After Losing a Client(p. 220)
• The Unique Nature of Grief over Suicide(p. 221)
• Chapter 6 Sexual Assault(p. 229)
• Background(p. 229)
• Rape, Sexual Abuse, and Assault: The Scope of the Problem(p. 229)
• The Unique Situation of Sexual Abuse Survivors(p. 229)
• Sexual Assault: A Pervasive Crime(p. 230)
• Defining Rape(p. 230)
• Fundamental Assumptions Regarding Rape and Sexual Abuse(p. 230)
• The Dynamics of Rape(p. 232)
• Myths About Rape(p. 234)
• Long-Term Consequences of Sexual Abuse of Children(p. 236)
• Psychological Trauma and Sequelae(p. 236)
• Phases of Child Sexual Abuse(p. 240)
• Pervasiveness, Blame, and Prediction in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse(p. 241)
• Date and Acquaintance Rape(p. 243)
• Dominant Perspectives on Date and Acquaintance Rape(p. 243)
• Date Rape Risk(p. 243)
• Preventing Date, Acquaintance, and Other Forms of Rape(p. 244)
• Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Childhood(p. 245)
• Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Families(p. 246)
• Intergenerational Transmission of Sexual Abuse(p. 246)
• Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse(p. 247)
• False Memories(p. 247)
• Doubts and Controversy(p. 247)
• Intervention Strategies with Children(p. 248)
• Individual Therapy for Children(p. 248)
• Affirmation and Safety Needed(p. 249)
• Regaining a Sense of Control(p. 250)
• Education(p. 250)
• Prevention(p. 251)
• Intervention Strategies for Rape and Battery: The Case of Jeanette(p. 251)
• Immediate Aftermath(p. 251)
• The Following Three Months(p. 252)
• Intervention Strategies for Child Sexual Abuse: The Case of Susie(p. 254)
• Disclosure(p. 254)
• Immediate Aftermath(p. 255)
• Interviewing the Child(p. 257)
• Preparing the Child for Testimony(p. 259)
• Aftermath(p. 259)
• Counseling(p. 260)
• Boundary Issues(p. 261)
• Home Visits(p. 262)
• Preventing Revictimization(p. 262)
• Treatment of Offenders(p. 263)
• Support and Therapy Groups for Adult Survivors(p. 263)
• Intervention Strategies for Adult Survivors: The Case of Pearl(p. 264)
• Assessment(p. 265)
• Treatment of Adults(p. 266)
• Discovery and Admission(p. 266)
• Psychoeducation(p. 267)
• Validation(p. 267)
• Extinguishing Trauma(p. 268)
• Cognitive Restructuring(p. 269)
• Catharsis(p. 270)
• Grief Resolution(p. 270)
• Changing Behavior Through Skill Building(p. 271)
• Chapter 7 Partner Violence(p. 282)
• The Incidence of Domestic Violence(p. 283)
• Emerging Approaches to Partner Violence(p. 284)
• Dynamics of Partner Violence(p. 286)
• Psychosocial and Cultural Dynamics(p. 286)
• Psychological Factors(p. 290)
• Stressors(p. 291)
• Myths About Battering(p. 292)
• Profiling the Batterer(p. 293)
• The Cycle of Violence(p. 294)
• Realities for Abused Women(p. 295)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 296)
• Assessment(p. 296)
• Components of Intervention(p. 299)
• Shelters(p. 308)
• Counseling Women at Shelters(p. 308)
• Follow-Up(p. 312)
• Intervention with Children(p. 313)
• Courtship Violence(p. 314)
• Gay and Lesbian Violence(p. 315)
• Crisis Intervention Involving Gay and Lesbian Violence(p. 316)
• Treating Batterers(p. 318)
• Treatment Goals(p. 319)
• Assessment(p. 320)
• The Intake Interview(p. 321)
• Motivation(p. 322)
• A Typical 24-Session Anger Management Group(p. 322)
• Program Success(p. 329)
• If You Are in an Abusive Relationship(p. 331)
• Chapter 8 Chemical Dependency: The Crisis of Addiction(p. 343)
• Sociocultural Determinants of Substance Abuse(p. 344)
• Alcohol: Number One Abused Substance(p. 345)
• Models of Addiction(p. 347)
• The Model Controversy(p. 349)
• Definitions of Commonly Used Terms(p. 351)
• The Dynamics of Addiction(p. 353)
• Defense Mechanisms(p. 353)
• Enabling and Codependency(p. 356)
• Children in Alcoholic Families(p. 359)
• Family Rules in Alcoholic Families(p. 361)
• Adult Children of Alcoholics(p. 363)
• Multivariate Diagnosis(p. 367)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 368)
• Assessment(p. 369)
• Crisis Points in Chemical Dependency Treatment(p. 375)
• Detoxification(p. 378)
• Principles of Treatment(p. 379)
• Evolving Treatment Approaches(p. 379)
• Treatment Goals(p. 382)
• Treatment Protocol(p. 383)
• Individual Therapy(p. 383)
• The Treatment Group(p. 385)
• Learning Relationship Skills(p. 386)
• Accepting Responsibility(p. 387)
• Getting Past Denial(p. 388)
• Confrontation(p. 389)
• Limit Testing(p. 391)
• Treatment Secrets(p. 391)
• Disrupting Irrational Mental Sets(p. 392)
• Overcoming Environmental Cues That Lead to Drinking(p. 393)
• Treating the Family(p. 395)
• Aftercare(p. 400)
• Relapse(p. 402)
• Intervention with the ACOA(p. 403)
• Assessment(p. 404)
• Education(p. 406)
• The Counseling Group(p. 407)
• Pitfalls(p. 407)
• Chapter 9 Personal Loss: Bereavement and Grief(p. 420)
• Dynamics of Bereavement(p. 422)
• Cultural Dynamics(p. 422)
• Sociocultural Mores(p. 422)
• Conceptual Approaches to Bereavement(p. 423)
• The Kubler-Ross Model: The Dying Patient's Stages of Grief(p. 423)
• The Schneider Model: The Transformational Stages of Grief(p. 425)
• A Counterpoint to Traditional Models: The Dutro Model(p. 427)
• Types of Loss(p. 427)
• Death of a Spouse(p. 427)
• Death of a Child(p. 428)
• Bereavement Following a Suicide(p. 428)
• Bereavement in Childhood(p. 429)
• Bereavement in Adolescence(p. 430)
• Separation and Divorce(p. 431)
• Death of a Pet(p. 432)
• Bereavement in Elderly People(p. 433)
• AIDS: A Modern Dilemma(p. 434)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 435)
• Clues for Identifying Grief Reaction(p. 435)
• Applied Stages of Survivor Grief: An Operational Concept(p. 437)
• The Crisis Worker's Own Grief(p. 438)
• Death of a Spouse(p. 439)
• Death of a Child(p. 442)
• Bereavement Following a Suicide(p. 445)
• Bereavement in Childhood(p. 447)
• Bereavement in Adolescence(p. 449)
• Separation and Divorce(p. 451)
• Death of a Pet(p. 454)
• Bereavement in Elderly People(p. 455)
• Loss Related to HIV Infection and AIDS Disease(p. 457)
• Bereavement in HIV-Infected Clients(p. 459)
• Part 3 Crisis in the Human Services Workplace(p. 469)
• Chapter 10 Violent Behavior in Institutions(p. 471)
• Precipitating Factors(p. 471)
• Institutional Culpability(p. 472)
• Staff Culpability(p. 473)
• Legal Liability(p. 473)
• Dynamics of Violence in Human Services Settings(p. 474)
• Assessment(p. 474)
• Bases for Violence(p. 474)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 478)
• Security Analysis and Planning(p. 478)
• Training(p. 480)
• Precautions in Dealing with the Physical Setting(p. 483)
• Stages of Intervention(p. 485)
• The Violent Geriatric Client(p. 498)
• Mild Disorientation: The Case of Cliff(p. 498)
• Severe Disorientation: The Case of Grace(p. 505)
• Follow-Up with Staff Victims(p. 507)
• Chapter 11 Crises in Schools(p. 515)
• The New-Millennium, Violence-Proof School Building(p. 515)
• Gangs(p. 518)
• Types of Gangs(p. 518)
• Emergence of Suburban and Rural Gangs(p. 520)
• What the Problems Are in School Systems(p. 521)
• Gang Intervention/Prevention Programs(p. 522)
• A Comprehensive Gang Prevention and Intervention Model Named SARA(p. 524)
• The Estranged Violent Juvenile Offender(p. 527)
• A Profile Comparison of Traits and Characteristics of SVJOs and EVJOs(p. 527)
• Screening the EVJO(p. 532)
• Interviewing the Potential EVJO(p. 533)
• Acting(p. 536)
• School-Based Suicide Prevention and Intervention(p. 537)
• Myths of Child Suicide(p. 537)
• Child and Adolescent Cases of Suicidal Ideation(p. 538)
• Clustering of Suicides: Contagion(p. 546)
• Legal and Ethical Issues of Potentially Violent Behavior(p. 547)
• Planning for a Crisis(p. 549)
• The Crisis Response Planning Committee(p. 550)
• The Crisis Response Team (CRT)(p. 551)
• Implementing the Crisis Plan(p. 553)
• Physical Requirements(p. 554)
• Logistics(p. 554)
• Responding to the Crisis(p. 555)
• Bereavement in Schools(p. 558)
• Transcrisis Intervention(p. 560)
• Chapter 12 Hostage Crises(p. 571)
• Dynamics of Hostage Taking(p. 572)
• Types of Hostage Takers(p. 572)
• The Mentally Disturbed(p. 573)
• Stages and Dynamics of a Hostage Situation(p. 578)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 582)
• Communication Techniques(p. 582)
• Containing the Scene(p. 583)
• Gathering Information(p. 583)
• Stabilizing the Situation(p. 584)
• Persuading the Hostage Taker to Give Up(p. 586)
• Negotiating in a Hostage Situation: The Case of James(p. 589)
• The Crisis Worker as Consultant(p. 595)
• If You Are Put in the Role of Negotiator(p. 596)
• If You Are Held Hostage(p. 596)
• Intervention After Release(p. 598)
• Crisis Intervention with Hostage Survivors(p. 601)
• Chapter 13 Human Services Workers in Crisis: Burnout(p. 609)
• Helping Professionals: Prime Candidates(p. 609)
• Defining Burnout(p. 610)
• Dynamics of Burnout(p. 611)
• Cornerstones of Burnout(p. 612)
• Research on Burnout Dynamics(p. 613)
• Myths That Engender Burnout(p. 614)
• Symptoms of Burnout(p. 615)
• Levels of Burnout(p. 615)
• Stages of Burnout(p. 617)
• Worker-Client Relationships and Burnout(p. 618)
• Countertransference(p. 618)
• Vicarious Traumatization/Compassion Fatigue(p. 619)
• The Culpability of Organizations(p. 620)
• Self-Recognition of Burnout(p. 621)
• Intervention Strategies(p. 622)
• Assessment(p. 622)
• Intervention Through Training(p. 623)
• Intervention with the Organization(p. 623)
• Private Practitioners and Burnout(p. 629)
• Intervention with the Individual(p. 630)
• Part 4 New Directions(p. 647)
• Chapter 14 Off the Couch and into the Streets(p. 649)
• The Evolution of the Crisis Intervention Subspecialty(p. 649)
• The Grassroots Movement(p. 649)
• The Importance of Volunteerism(p. 650)
• The Need for Trained Professional Consultants(p. 651)
• The Quest for Maturity and Power(p. 651)
• The Societal Impetus for Crisis Intervention(p. 653)
• Job-Related Impetus for Crisis Intervention(p. 653)
• Proactive and Preventive Models of Crisis Intervention(p. 654)
• Crisis Intervention in the Real World(p. 654)
• Cost and Managed Care Considerations(p. 655)
• Collaborating/Networking(p. 655)
• Prevention Programs(p. 656)
• Emerging Trends in Crisis Intervention(p. 656)
• Crisis Stabilization Programs(p. 657)
• Outreach Programs and Crisis Response Teams(p. 657)
• Multicultural Issues in Outreach(p. 660)
• Psychiatric Emergency Services(p. 663)
• The Ecosystem Approach(p. 663)
• Debriefing the Crisis Worker(p. 665)
• Electronic Outreach Services(p. 668)
• Police and Crisis Intervention(p. 670)
• Police and the Mentally Ill/Mentally Disturbed(p. 670)
• The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Program(p. 671)
• The Family Trouble Center (FTC) Program(p. 674)
• Community Development of Proactive-Preventive Crisis Intervention Services(p. 676)
• The Importance of Multidisciplinary Thinking(p. 676)
• The Need for Innovative Alliances(p. 676)
• A Blueprint for the Future(p. 677)
• Last Words(p. 678)
• Index(p. 685)