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Widely praised for its comprehensive coverage, excellent graphics and well-organized layout, this invaluable introduction for students and enthusiasts of archaeology has been expanded to incorporate all the latest developments.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. 9)
• Introduction: The Nature and Aims of Archaeology(p. 12)
• Part I The Framework of Archaeology(p. 19)
• 1 The Searchers: The History of Archaeology(p. 21)
• The Speculative Phase(p. 22)
• The Beginnings of Modern Archaeology(p. 26)
• Classification and Consolidation(p. 36)
• A Turning Point in Archaeology(p. 40)
• World Archaeology(p. 42)
• Summary(p. 52)
• Further Reading(p. 52)
• Box Features
• Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present(p. 24)
• The Impact of Evolutionary Thought(p. 28)
• 19th-century Pioneers of North American Archaeology(p. 30)
• The Development of Field Techniques(p. 33)
• Women Pioneers of Archaeology(p. 38)
• Processual Archaeology: Key Concepts(p. 41)
• Interpretive or Postprocessual Archaeologies(p. 44)
• Interpretive Archaeologies at Catalhoyuk(p. 46)
• Broadening the Frame(p. 48)
• 2 What is Left? The Variety of the Evidence(p. 53)
• Basic Categories of Archaeological Evidence(p. 53)
• Formation Processes(p. 56)
• Cultural Formation Processes - How People Have Affected What Survives in the Archaeological Record(p. 58)
• Natural Formation Processes - How Nature Affects What Survives in the Archaeological Record(p. 59)
• Summary(p. 74)
• Further Reading(p. 74)
• Box Features
• Experimental Archaeology(p. 57)
• Wet Preservation: The Ozette Site(p. 64)
• Dry Preservation: The Tomb of Tutankhamun(p. 66)
• Cold Preservation 1: The Barrow Site(p. 69)
• Cold Preservation 2: The Iceman(p. 70)
• 3 Where? Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features(p. 75)
• Discovering Archaeological Sites and Features(p. 76)
• Assessing the Layout of Sites and Features(p. 93)
• Excavation(p. 110)
• Summary(p. 120)
• Further Reading(p. 120)
• Box Features
• The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project(p. 78)
• Sampling Strategies(p. 80)
• Archaeological Aerial Reconnaissance(p. 84)
• Teotihuacan Mapping Project(p. 94)
• Multiperiod Surface Investigations at Tell Halula(p. 96)
• Underwater Archaeology(p. 99)
• The Red Bay Wreck: Discovery and Excavation(p. 100)
• Geophysical Survey at Roman Wroxeter(p. 104)
• Measuring Magnetism(p. 106)
• Controlled Archaeological Test Site(p. 108)
• 4 When? Dating Methods and Chronology(p. 121)
• Relative Dating(p. 122)
• Stratigraphy(p. 122)
• Typological Sequences(p. 124)
• Linguistic Dating(p. 128)
• Climate and Chronology(p. 129)
• Absolute Dating(p. 132)
• Calendars and Historical Chronologies(p. 133)
• Annual Cycles: Varves and Tree-Rings(p. 136)
• Radioactive Clocks(p. 141)
• Trapped Electron Dating Methods(p. 154)
• Calibrated Relative Methods(p. 159)
• Chronological Correlations(p. 165)
• World Chronology(p. 167)
• Summary(p. 174)
• Further Reading(p. 174)
• Box Features
• The Maya Calendar(p. 134)
• The Principles of Radioactive Decay(p. 141)
• The Publication of Radiocarbon Results(p. 143)
• How to Calibrate Radiocarbon Dates(p. 144)
• Dating Our African Ancestors(p. 152)
• Dating the Thera Eruption(p. 164)
• Part II Discovering the Variety of Human Experience(p. 175)
• 5 How Were Societies Organized? Social Archaeology(p. 177)
• Establishing the Nature and Scale of the Society(p. 178)
• Further Sources of Information for Social Organization(p. 186)
• Techniques of Study for Mobile Hunter-Gatherer Societies(p. 194)
• Techniques of Study for Segmentary Societies(p. 198)
• Techniques of Study for Chiefdoms and States(p. 207)
• The Archaeology of the Individual and of Identity(p. 220)
• The Emergence of Identity and Society(p. 223)
• Investigating Gender and Childhood(p. 224)
• The Molecular Genetics of Social Groups and Lineages(p. 228)
• Summary(p. 230)
• Further Reading(p. 230)
• Box Features
• Settlement Patterns in Mesopotamia(p. 184)
• Ancient Ethnicity and Language(p. 193)
• Space and Density in Hunter-Gatherer Camps(p. 197)
• Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis(p. 201)
• Early Wessex(p. 202)
• Maya Territories(p. 209)
• Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDSCAL)(p. 210)
• Social Analysis at Moundville(p. 216)
• Conflict and Warfare(p. 218)
• Gender Relations in Early Intermediate Period Peru(p. 226)
• 6 What Was the Environment? Environmental Archaeology(p. 231)
• Investigating Environments on a Global Scale(p. 231)
• Studying the Landscape(p. 238)
• Reconstructing the Plant Environment(p. 245)
• Reconstructing the Animal Environment(p. 253)
• Reconstructing the Human Environment(p. 262)
• Summary(p. 274)
• Further Reading(p. 274)
• Box Features
• Reconstructing Climates from Sea and Ice Cores(p. 233)
• Climatic Cycles: El Nino(p. 234)
• Cave Sediments(p. 240)
• Pollen Analysis(p. 246)
• Elands Bay Cave(p. 260)
• Site Catchment Analysis(p. 264)
• Mapping the Ancient Environment: Cahokia and GIS(p. 266)
• Ancient Gardens at Kuk Swamp(p. 268)
• 7 What Did They Eat? Subsistence and Diet(p. 275)
• What Can Plant Foods Tell Us About Diet?(p. 276)
• Information from Animal Resources(p. 288)
• Investigating Diet, Seasonality, and Domestication from Animal Remains(p. 292)
• How Were Animal Resources Exploited?(p. 307)
• Assessing Diet from Human Remains(p. 311)
• Summary(p. 316)
• Further Reading(p. 316)
• Box Features
• Paleoethnobotany: A Case Study(p. 278)
• Butser Experimental Iron Age Farm(p. 280)
• Investigating the Rise of Farming in Western Asia(p. 286)
• Taphonomy(p. 290)
• Quantifying Animal Bones(p. 294)
• The Study of Animal Teeth(p. 297)
• Bison Drive Sites(p. 298)
• Farming Origins: A Case Study(p. 302)
• Shell Midden Analysis(p. 306)
• 8 How Did They Make and Use Tools? Technology(p. 317)
• Unaltered Materials: Stone(p. 321)
• Other Unaltered Materials(p. 334)
• Synthetic Materials(p. 341)
• Archaeometallurgy(p. 346)
• Summary(p. 356)
• Further Reading(p. 356)
• Box Features
• Artifacts or "Geofacts" at Pedra Furada(p. 320)
• Raising Large Stones(p. 324)
• Refitting and Microwear Studies at Rekem(p. 330)
• Woodworking in the Somerset Levels(p. 336)
• Metallographic Examination(p. 347)
• Copper Production in Peru(p. 350)
• Early Steelmaking: An Ethnoarchaeological Experiment(p. 354)
• 9 What Contact Did They Have? Trade and Exchange(p. 357)
• The Study of Interaction(p. 357)
• Discovering the Sources of Traded Goods: Characterization(p. 365)
• The Study of Distribution(p. 374)
• The Study of Production(p. 382)
• The Study of Consumption(p. 384)
• Exchange and Interaction: The Complete System(p. 385)
• Summary(p. 391)
• Further Reading(p. 392)
• Box Features
• Modes of Exchange(p. 360)
• Materials of Prestige Value(p. 362)
• Analysis of Artifact Composition(p. 368)
• Lead Isotope Analysis(p. 372)
• Trend Surface Analysis(p. 375)
• Fall-off Analysis(p. 378)
• Distribution: The Uluburun Wreck(p. 380)
• Production: Greenstone Artifacts in Australia(p. 383)
• Interaction Spheres: Hopewell(p. 390)
• 10 What Did They Think? Cognitive Archaeology, Art, and Religion(p. 393)
• Investigating How Human Symbolizing Faculties Evolved(p. 395)
• Working with Symbols(p. 399)
• From Written Source to Cognitive Map(p. 403)
• Establishing Place: The Location of Memory(p. 406)
• Measuring the World(p. 408)
• Planning: Maps for the Future(p. 409)
• Symbols of Organization and Power(p. 412)
• Symbols for the Other World: The Archaeology of Religion(p. 414)
• Depiction: Art and Representation(p. 420)
• Summary(p. 428)
• Further Reading(p. 428)
• Box Features
• Indications of Early Thought(p. 398)
• Paleolithic Cave Art(p. 400)
• Paleolithic Portable Art(p. 402)
• Maya Symbols of Power(p. 414)
• Recognizing Cult Activity at Chavin(p. 418)
• Identifying Individual Artists in Ancient Greece(p. 422)
• Conventions of Representation in Egyptian Art(p. 424)
• The Interpretation of Swedish Rock Art: Archaeology as Text(p. 426)
• A Question of Style(p. 427)
• 11 Who Were They? What Were They Like? The Archaeology of People(p. 429)
• Identifying Physical Attributes(p. 430)
• Assessing Human Abilities(p. 440)
• Disease, Deformity, and Death(p. 446)
• Assessing Nutrition(p. 459)
• Population Studies(p. 460)
• Diversity and Evolution(p. 463)
• Questions of Identity(p. 467)
• Summary(p. 468)
• Further Reading(p. 468)
• Box Features
• Spitalfields: Determining Biological Age at Death(p. 434)
• How to Reconstruct the Face(p. 438)
• Looking Inside Bodies(p. 448)
• Life and Death Among the Inuit(p. 452)
• Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog(p. 456)
• Genetics and Language Histories(p. 462)
• Studying the Origins of New World Populations(p. 464)
• 12 Why Did Things Change? Explanation in Archaeology(p. 469)
• Migrationist and Diffusionist Explanations(p. 471)
• The Processual Approach(p. 473)
• Applications(p. 475)
• The Form of Explanation: General or Particular(p. 481)
• Attempts at Explanation: One Cause or Several?(p. 484)
• Postprocessual or Interpretive Explanation(p. 494)
• Cognitive-Processual Archaeology(p. 496)
• Agency, Materiality, and Engagement(p. 501)
• Summary(p. 503)
• Further Reading(p. 504)
• Box Features
• Diffusionist Explanation Rejected: Great Zimbabwe(p. 472)
• Molecular Genetics and Population Dynamics: Europe(p. 476)
• The Origins of Farming: A Processual Explanation(p. 478)
• Marxist Archaeology: Key Features(p. 480)
• Language Families and Language Change(p. 482)
• Origins of the State 1: Peru(p. 488)
• Origins of the State 2: The Aegean, A Multivariate Approach(p. 490)
• The Classic Maya Collapse(p. 492)
• Explaining the European Megaliths(p. 498)
• The Individual as an Agent of Change(p. 502)
• Part III The World of Archaeology(p. 505)
• 13 Archaeology in Action Five Case Studies(p. 507)
• The Oaxaca Projects: The Origins and Rise of the Zapotec State(p. 508)
• The Calusa of Florida: A Complex Hunter-Gatherer Society(p. 517)
• Research Among Hunter-Gatherers: Kakadu National Park, Australia(p. 523)
• Khok Phanom Di: The Origins of Rice Farming in Southeast Asia(p. 530)
• York and the Public Presentation of Archaeology(p. 536)
• Further Reading(p. 546)
• 14 Whose Past? Archaeology and the Public(p. 547)
• The Meaning of the Past: The Archaeology of Identity(p. 547)
• Who Owns the Past?(p. 550)
• The Uses of the Past(p. 556)
• Conservation and Destruction(p. 560)
• Who Interprets and Presents the Past?(p. 572)
• Archaeology and Public Understanding(p. 573)
• Summary(p. 578)
• Further Reading(p. 578)
• Box Features
• The Politics of Destruction: The Bamiyan Buddhas(p. 549)
• The Fortunes of War(p. 551)
• Applied Archaeology: Farming in Peru(p. 558)
• The Practice of CRM in the United States(p. 561)
• Conservation: The Great Temple of the Aztecs in Mexico City(p. 566)
• Destruction and Response: Mimbres(p. 568)
• "Collectors Are the Real Looters"(p. 570)
• Archaeology and the Internet(p. 574)
• Archaeology at the Fringe(p. 576)
• Glossary(p. 579)
• Notes and Bibliography(p. 588)
• Acknowledgments(p. 635)
• Index(p. 638)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Colin Renfrew is Disney Professor Emeritus of Archaeology and former Director of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge
Paul Bahn is a prehistorian and archaeological writer. He is the author or editor of numerous books