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Organic chemistry is required coursework for degrees in life, food, and medical sciences. To help the students discouraged by the belief that this topic cannot be mastered without significant memorization, Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry serves as a handy supplement for understanding the subject.

* Includes new chapters, an expanded index, and additional problem sets complete with detailed solutions
* Focuses on understanding the mechanics and logic of organic reaction mechanisms
* Introduces ionic and non-ionic reactive species and reaction mechanisms
* Teaches strategies to predict reactive species, sites of reactions, and reaction products
* Provides a solid foundation upon which organic chemistry students can advance with confidence

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xi)
• Acknowledgements(p. xiii)
• About the Author(p. xv)
• 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• 1.1 Definition of Arrow-Pushing(p. 1)
• 1.2 Functional Groups(p. 5)
• 1.3 Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups(p. 7)
• 1.4 Summary(p. 8)
• Problems(p. 9)
• 2 Free Radicals(p. 19)
• 2.1 What Are Free Radicals?(p. 19)
• 2.2 How Are Free Radicals Formed?(p. 21)
• 2.2.1 Free Radical Initiators(p. 22)
• 2.2.2 Electron Transfer(p. 23)
• 2.3 Free Radical Stability(p. 23)
• 2.4 What Types of Reactions Involve Free Radicals?(p. 25)
• 2.4.1 Halogenation Reactions(p. 26)
• 2.4.2 Polymerization Reactions(p. 28)
• 2.4.3 Oxidation Reactions(p. 30)
• 2.5 Summary(p. 31)
• Problems(p. 32)
• 3 Acids(p. 37)
• 3.1 What Are Acids?(p. 37)
• 3.2 What Is Resonance?(p. 38)
• 3.3 How Is Acidity Measured?(p. 41)
• 3.4 Relative Acidities(p. 42)
• 3.5 Inductive Effects(p. 47)
• 3.6 Inductive Effects and Relative Acidities(p. 49)
• 3.7 Relative Acidities of Hydrocarbons(p. 50)
• 3.8 Summary 51 Problems(p. 52)
• 4 Bases and Nucleophiles(p. 61)
• 4.1 What Are Bases?(p. 61)
• 4.2 What Are Nucleophiles?(p. 66)
• 4.3 Leaving Groups(p. 70)
• 4.4 Summary(p. 70)
• Problems(p. 71)
• 5 S N 2 Substitution Reactions(p. 81)
• 5.1 What Is An S N 2 Reaction?(p. 81)
• 5.2 What Are Leaving Groups?(p. 83)
• 5.3 Where Can S N 2 Reactions Occur?(p. 84)
• 5.4 S N 2' Reactions(p. 85)
• 5.5 Summary(p. 88)
• Problems(p. 89)
• 6 S N 1 Substitution Reactions(p. 97)
• 6.1 What Is An S N 1 Reaction?(p. 97)
• 6.2 How Are S N 1 Reactions Initiated?(p. 98)
• 6.3 The Carbocation(p. 99)
• 6.3.1 Molecular Structure and Orbitals(p. 100)
• 6.3.2 Stability of Carbocations(p. 103)
• 6.4 Carbocation Rearrangements(p. 105)
• 6.4.1 1,2-Hydride Shifts(p. 105)
• 6.4.2 1,2-Alkyl Shifts(p. 106)
• 6.4.3 Preventing Side Reactions(p. 109)
• 6.5 Summary(p. 109)
• Problems(p. 110)
• 7 Elimination Reactions(p. 115)
• 7.1 E1 Eliminations(p. 115)
• 7.2 E1cB Eliminations(p. 118)
• 7.3 E2 Eliminations(p. 120)
• 7.4 How Do Elimination Reactions Work?(p. 121)
• 7.5 E1cB Eliminations Versus E2 Eliminations(p. 124)
• 7.6 Summary(p. 124)
• Problems(p. 126)
• 8 Addition Reactions(p. 133)
• 8.1 Addition of Halogens to Double Bonds(p. 133)
• 8.2 Markovnikov's Rule(p. 135)
• 8.3 Additions to Carbonyls(p. 137)
• 8.3.1 1,2-Additions(p. 137)
• 8.3.2 1,4-Additions(p. 138)
• 8.3.3 Addition-Elimination Reactions(p. 141)
• 8.4 Summary(p. 143)
• Problems(p. 144)
• 9 Carbenes(p. 153)
• 9.1 What Are Carbenes?(p. 153)
• 9.2 How Are Carbenes Formed?(p. 154)
• 9.3 Reactions with Carbenes(p. 156)
• 9.3.1 Carbene Dimerization(p. 156)
• 9.3.2 Cyclopropanation Reactions(p. 157)
• 9.3.3 O-H Insertion Reactions(p. 161)
• 9.4 Carbenes Versus Carbenoids(p. 162)
• 9.5 Summary(p. 163)
• Problems(p. 164)
• 10 Pericyclic Reactions(p. 171)
• 10.1 What Are Pericyclic Reactions?(p. 171)
• 10.2 Electrocyclic Reactions(p. 172)
• 10.3 Cycloaddition Reactions(p. 175)
• 10.3.1 The Diels-Alder Reaction(p. 175)
• 10.3.2 The Ene Reaction(p. 178)
• 10.3.3 Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions(p. 180)
• 10.4 Sigmatropic Reactions(p. 182)
• 10.4.1 The Cope Rearrangement(p. 183)
• 10.4.2 The Claisen Rearrangement(p. 184)
• 10.5 Summary(p. 187)
• Problems(p. 189)
• 11 Moving Forward(p. 195)
• 11.1 Functional Group Manipulations(p. 195)
• 11.2 Name Reactions(p. 196)
• 11.3 Reagents(p. 208)
• 11.4 Final Comments(p. 208)
• Problems(p. 209)
• Appendix 1 PK a Values of Protons Associated with Common Functional Groups(p. 219)
• Appendix 2 Answers and Explanations to Problems(p. 223)
• Chapter 1 Solutions(p. 224)
• Chapter 2 Solutions(p. 234)
• Chapter 3 Solutions(p. 241)
• Chapter 4 Solutions(p. 258)
• Chapter 5 Solutions(p. 270)
• Chapter 6 Solutions(p. 285)
• Chapter 7 Solutions(p. 293)
• Chapter 8 Solutions(p. 303)
• Chapter 9 Solutions(p. 318)
• Chapter 10 Solutions(p. 334)
• Chapter 11 Solutions(p. 347)
• Appendix 3 Student Reaction Glossary(p. 369)
• Index(p. 373)
• Periodic Table of Elements(p. 401)

Reseñas proporcionadas por Syndetics

CHOICE Review

The first two semesters of organic chemistry are almost universally daunting to the student. The use of organic reaction mechanisms has greatly reduced the memorization, but most organic books skimp a bit on explaining how to write a clear reaction mechanism in order to limit their already gargantuan size (and cost). Along comes Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry by Levy (director of synthetic chemistry, Intradigm Corp.), a book that tries to clearly and succinctly explain writing organic mechanisms to these students. It does an excellent job in this. The work includes a large number of challenging end-of-chapter problems, with complete answers in the appendix (this appendix accounts for nearly half of the book). These problems may be too challenging for the typical sophomore organic student who may rely too much on the complete answers. This monograph is an excellent supplement but not a replacement for sophomore-level organic chemistry course resources. Most other monographs on organic reaction mechanisms are geared for the advanced undergraduate or graduate student. Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduate organic chemistry students. J.H. Glans Sacred Heart University

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Daniel E. Levy, PhD, is the owner of DEL BioPharma LLC, USA. He previously worked at Glycomed, COR Therapeutics, Scios, and Intradigm. Dr. Levy developed, with Dr. Pter Fgedi, short courses entitled "Modern Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry" and "The Organic Chemistry of Sugars." He has three books to his credit, including the first edition of Arrow-Pushing in Organic Chemistry (Wiley, 2008). He received his bachelors in chemistry from the University of California-Berkeley and his doctorate in organic chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.