Front cover -- Inside front cover -- Half title page -- Evolve page -- Bailey &amp -- Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Reviewers -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- I Basic Medical Microbiology -- 1 Microbial Taxonomy -- Objectives -- Classification -- Species -- Genus -- Family -- Nomenclature -- Identification -- Identification Methods -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 2 Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure -- Objectives -- Bacterial Genetics -- Nucleic Acid Structure and Organization -- Nucleotide Structure and Sequence -- DNA Molecular Structure -- Genes and the Genetic Code -- Chromosomes -- Nonchromosomal Elements of the Genome -- Replication and Expression of Genetic Information -- Replication -- Expression of Genetic Information -- Transcription. -- Translation. -- Regulation and Control of Gene Expression -- Genetic Exchange and Diversity -- Mutation -- Genetic Recombination -- Genetic Exchange -- Transformation. -- Transduction. -- Conjugation. -- Bacterial Metabolism -- Fueling -- Acquisition of Nutrients -- Production of Precursor Metabolites -- Energy Production -- Oxidative Phosphorylation. -- Biosynthesis -- Polymerization and Assembly -- Structure and Function of the Bacterial Cell -- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells -- Bacterial Morphology -- Bacterial Cell Components -- Cell Envelope -- Outer Membrane. -- Cell Wall (Murein Layer). -- Periplasmic Space. -- Cytoplasmic (Inner) Membrane. -- Cellular Appendages. -- Cell Interior -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 3 Host-Microorganism Interactions -- Objectives -- The Encounter Between Host and Microorganism -- The Human Host's Perspective -- Microbial Reservoirs and Transmission -- Human and Microbe Interactions -- Animals as Microbial Reservoirs -- Insects as Vectors.

The Environment as a Microbial Reservoir -- The Microorganism's Perspective -- Microorganism Colonization of Host Surfaces -- The Host's Perspective -- Skin and Skin Structures -- Mucous Membranes -- General Protective Characteristics. -- Specific Protective Characteristics. -- The Microorganism's Perspective -- Microbial Colonization -- Microorganism Entry, Invasion, and Dissemination -- The Host's Perspective -- Disruption of Surface Barriers -- Responses to Microbial Invasion of Deeper Tissues -- Nonspecific Responses. -- Phagocytes. -- Inflammation. -- Specific Responses-the Immune System -- Components of the Immune System -- Two Branches of the Immune System. -- The Microorganism's Perspective -- Colonization and Infection -- Pathogens and Virulence -- Microbial Virulence Factors -- Attachment. -- Invasion. -- Survival Against Inflammation. -- Survival Against the Immune System. -- Microbial Toxins. -- Genetics of Virulence: Pathogenicity Islands -- Biofilm Formation. -- Outcome and Prevention of Infectious Diseases -- Outcome of Infectious Diseases -- Prevention of Infectious Diseases -- Immunization -- Epidemiology -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- II General Principles in Clinical Microbiology -- 1 Safety and Specimen Management -- 4 Laboratory Safety -- Objectives -- Sterilization and Disinfection -- Methods of Sterilization -- Methods of Disinfection -- Physical Methods of Disinfection -- Chemical Methods of Disinfection -- Chemical Safety -- Fire Safety -- Electrical Safety -- Handling of Compressed Gases -- Biosafety -- Exposure Control Plan -- Employee Education and Orientation -- Disposal of Hazardous Waste -- Standard Precautions -- Engineering Controls -- Laboratory Environment -- Biologic Safety Cabinet -- Personal Protective Equipment -- Postexposure Control -- Classification of Biologic Agents Based on Hazard.

Mailing Biohazardous Materials -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 5 Specimen Management -- Objectives -- General Concepts for Specimen Collection and Handling -- Appropriate Collection Techniques -- Specimen Transport -- Specimen Preservation -- Specimen Storage -- Specimen Labeling -- Specimen Requisition -- Rejection of Unacceptable Specimens -- Specimen Processing -- Gross Examination of Specimen -- Direct Microscopic Examination -- Selection of Culture Media -- Specimen Preparation -- Inoculation on Solid Media -- Incubation Conditions -- Specimen Workup -- Extent of Identification Required -- Communication of Laboratory Findings -- Critical (Panic) Values -- Expediting Results Reporting: Computerization -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 2 Approaches to Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases -- 6 Role of Microscopy -- Objectives -- Bright-Field (Light) Microscopy -- Principles of Light Microscopy -- Magnification -- Resolution -- Contrast -- Staining Techniques for Light Microscopy -- Smear Preparation -- Gram Stain -- Procedure Overview. -- Principle. -- Gram Stain Examination. -- Gram Stain of Bacteria Grown in Culture. -- Acid-Fast Stains -- Principle. -- Procedure Overview. -- Phase Contrast Microscopy -- Fluorescent Microscopy -- Principle of Fluorescent Microscopy -- Staining Techniques for Fluorescent Microscopy -- Fluorochroming -- Acridine Orange. -- Auramine-Rhodamine. -- Calcofluor White. -- Immunofluorescence -- Dark-Field Microscopy -- Electron Microscopy -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 7 Traditional Cultivation and Identification -- Objectives -- Principles of Bacterial Cultivation -- Nutritional Requirements -- General Concepts of Culture Media -- Phases of Growth Media -- Media Classifications and Functions -- Summary of Artificial Media for Routine Bacteriology -- Brain-Heart Infusion. -- Chocolate Agar.

Columbia CNA with Blood. -- Gram-Negative (GN) Broth. -- Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar. -- MacConkey Agar. -- Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) Agar. -- Sheep Blood Agar. -- Modified Thayer-Martin Agar. -- Thioglycollate Broth. -- Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate (XLD) Agar. -- Preparation of Artificial Media -- Media Sterilization. -- Cell Cultures. -- Environmental Requirements -- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Availability -- Temperature -- pH -- Moisture -- Methods for Providing Optimum Incubation Conditions -- Bacterial Cultivation -- Isolation of Bacteria From Specimens -- Evaluation of Colony Morphologies -- Type of Media Supporting Bacterial Growth. -- Relative Quantities of Each Colony Type. -- Colony Characteristics. -- Gram Stain and Subcultures. -- Principles of Identification -- Organism Identification Using Genotypic Criteria -- Organism Identification Using Phenotypic Criteria -- Microscopic Morphology and Staining Characteristics -- Macroscopic (Colony) Morphology -- Environmental Requirements for Growth -- Resistance or Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents -- Nutritional Requirements and Metabolic Capabilities -- Establishing Enzymatic Capabilities. -- Types of Enzyme-Based Tests. -- Single Enzyme Tests. -- Catalase Test. -- Oxidase Test. -- Indole Test. -- Urease Test. -- PYR Test. -- Hippurate Hydrolysis. -- Tests for Presence of Metabolic Pathways. -- Oxidation and Fermentation Tests. -- Amino Acid Degradation. -- Single Substrate Utilization. -- Establishing Inhibitor Profiles. -- Principles of Phenotype-Based Identification Schemes -- Selection and Inoculation of Identification Test Battery -- Type of Bacteria to Be Identified -- Clinical Significance of the Bacterial Isolate -- Availability of Reliable Testing Methods -- Incubation for Substrate Utilization -- Conventional Identification -- Rapid Identification.

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) -- Detection of Metabolic Activity -- Colorimetry -- Fluorescence -- Turbidity -- Analysis of Metabolic Profiles -- Identification Databases -- Use of the Database to Identify Unknown Isolates -- Confidence in Identification. -- Commercial Identification Systems -- Advantages and Examples of Commercial System Designs -- Overview of Commercial Systems -- Chapter Review -- Bibliography -- 8 Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization -- Objectives -- Overview of Molecular Methods -- Specimen Collection and Transport -- Nucleic Acid Hybridization Methods -- Hybridization Steps and Components -- Production and Labeling of Probe Nucleic Acid. -- Preparation of Target Nucleic Acid. -- Mixture and Hybridization of Target and Probe. -- Detection of Hybridization. -- Hybridization Formats -- Solution Format. -- Solid Support Format. -- In Situ Hybridization. -- Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Probes. -- Hybridization with Signal Amplification. -- Amplification Methods-PCR Based -- Overview of PCR and Derivations -- Extraction and Denaturation of Target Nucleic Acid. -- Primer Annealing. -- Extension of Primer-Target Duplex. -- Detection of PCR Products. -- Derivations of the PCR Method. -- Real-Time PCR -- Digital PCR -- Amplification Methods: Non-PCR-Based -- Isothermal Amplification -- Probe Amplification -- Sequencing and Enzymatic Digestion of Nucleic Acids -- Nucleic Acid Sequencing -- POST-AMPLIFICATION AND TRADITIONAL ANALYSIS -- Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis -- Pyrosequencing -- High-Density DNA Probes -- Low- to Moderate-Density Arrays -- Enzymatic Digestion and Electrophoresis of Nucleic Acids -- Applications of Nucleic Acid-based Methods -- Direct Detection of Microorganisms -- Advantages and Disadvantages -- Specificity.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2021. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.