Roadside design guide / American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. txt

Por:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety

Washington, D.C. : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2011Edición: 4th edDescripción: 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 30 cmTipo de contenido:

text

Tipo de medio:

unmediaded

Tipo de soporte:

volume

ISBN:

9781560515098
1560515090

Tema(s):

Clasificación CDD:

23 625.794

Clasificación LoC:

TE228 A49 2011

Contenidos:

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ROADSIDE SAFETY -- HISTORY OF ROADSIDE SAFETY -- THE BENEFITS OF ROADSIDE SAFETY -- STRATEGIC PLAN FOR IMPROVING ROADSIDE SAFETY -- GUIDE CONTENT AND FORMAT -- CRASH TESTING ROADSIDE SAFETY FEATURES AND HARDWARE -- THE APPLICATION OF THIS GUIDE -- CHAPTER 2: ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ROADSIDE SAFETY -- OVERVIEW -- BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS -- Encroachments -- Roadside Geometry -- Crash Costs -- BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS PROGRAMS -- IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION -- CHAPTER 3: ROADSIDE TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE FEATURES -- OVERVIEW -- THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT -- ROADSIDE GEOMETRY -- Foreslopes -- Backslopes -- Transverse Slopes -- Drainage Channels -- APPLICATION OF THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT -- Recoverable Foreslopes -- Non-Recoverable Foreslopes -- Critical Foreslopes -- Examples of Clear-Zone Application on Variable Slopes -- Clear-Zone Applications for Drainage Channels and Backslopes -- Clear Zone for Auxiliary Lanes and Freeway Ramps -- DRAINAGE FEATURES -- Curbs -- Cross-Drainage Structures -- Traversable Designs -- Extension of Structure -- Shielding -- Parallel Drainage Features -- Eliminate the Structure -- Traversable Designs -- Relocate the Structure -- Shielding -- Drop Inlets -- EXAMPLES OF THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT TO RECOVERABLE FORESLOPES -- CHAPTER 4: SIGN, SIGNAL, AND LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS, UTILITY POLES, TREES, AND SIMILAR ROADSIDE FEATURES -- OVERVIEW -- ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR BREAKAWAY SUPPORTS -- DESIGN AND LOCATION CRITERIA FOR BREAKAWAY AND NON-BREAKAWAY SUPPORTS -- SIGN SUPPORTS -- Overhead Sign Supports -- Large Roadside Sign Supports -- Small Roadside Sign Supports -- MULTIPLE POST SUPPORTS FOR SIGNS -- LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS -- Breakaway Luminaire Supports -- High-Level Lighting Supports -- TRAFFIC SIGNAL SUPPORTS -- SUPPORTS FOR MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES -- Railroad Crossing Warning Devices -- Fire Hydrants -- Mailbox Supports -- UTILITY POLES -- TREES -- CHAPTER 5: ROADSIDE BARRIERS OVERVIEW -- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- FHWA Acceptance Letters -- Standard Barrier Hardware Guide -- BARRIER RECOMMENDATIONS -- Roadside Geometry and Terrain Features -- Roadside Obstacles -- Bystanders, Pedestrians, and Bicyclists -- Motorcycles and Barrier Design -- TEST LEVEL SELECTION FACTORS -- STRUCTURAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS -- Standard Sections of Roadside Barriers -- Low-Tension Cable -- High-Tension Cable -- W-Beam (Weak Post) -- Ironwood Aesthetic Guardrail -- Box Beam (Weak Post) -- Blocked-Out W-Beam (Strong Post) -- Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) -- Proprietary W-Beam Guardrail Systems -- Gregory Mini SpacerTM (GMS) Guardrail System -- Trinity T-31T" Guardrail System -- NU-GUARDTM 31 by Nucor Steel Marion, Inc. -- Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam -- Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam (Wood and Steel Strong Post) -- Modified Thrie-Beam -- Trinity T-39' Guardrail System -- Merritt Parkway Aesthetic Guardrail -- Backed Timber Guardrail -- Concrete Barriers -- CUSHIONWALL II Crash Cushion System -- Stone Masonry Wall/Precast Masonry Wall -- Long-Span Guardrail Systems -- Transition Designs -- SELECTION GUIDELINES --. Barrier Performance Capability -- Barrier Deflection Characteristics -- Site Conditions -- Compatibility -- Life-Cycle Costs -- Maintenance -- Routine Maintenance -- Crash Maintenance -- Material and Storage Requirements -- Simplicity of Barrier Design -- Aesthetic and Environmental Considerations -- Field Experience -- PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS -- Barrier Offset -- Terrain Effects -- Curbs -- Curb/Guardrail Combinations for Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail -- Crash Tested Curb/Guardrail Combinations -- Slopes -- Flare Rate -- Length-of-Need -- Grading for Terminals -- Guardrail Placed in a Radius -- Guardrail Posts in Rigid Foundations -- Guardrail Posts in Rock Formations -- Guardrail Posts in Mow Strips -- UPGRADING SYSTEMS -- Structural Inadequacies -- Design/Placement Inadequacies -- Establishing Priorities of Upgrading Needs -- CHAPTER 6: MEDIAN BARRIERS -- OVERVIEW -- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- GUIDELINES FOR MEDIAN BARRIER APPLICATION -- PERFORMANCE LEVEL SELECTION PROCEDURES -- STRUCTURAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAN BARRIERS -- Crashworthy Median Barrier Systems -- Weak-Post W-Beam Median Barrier -- Low-Tension Cable Barrier -- High-Tension Cable Barrier -- Box-Beam Median Barrier -- Blocked-Out W-Beam (Strong Post) -- Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam (Strong Post) -- Modified Thrie-Beam Median Barrier -- Concrete Barrier -- Quickchange Moveable Barrier System -- End Treatments -- Transitions -- SELECTION GUIDELINES -- Barrier Performance Capability -- Barrier Deflection Characteristics-- Compatibility -- Costs -- Maintenance -- Aesthetic and Environmental Considerations -- Field Experience -- PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS -- Terrain Effects -- Median Section I -- Median Section II -- Median Section III -- Fixed Objects within the Median -- UPGRADING SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 7: BRIDGE RAILINGS AND TRANSITIONS -- OVERVIEW -- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- GUIDELINES -- APPROPRIATE TEST LEVEL SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS -- CRASH-TESTED RAILINGS -- NCHRP 350 TL-1 through TL-4 Bridge Railings -- MASH TL-5 and TL-6 Bridge Railings -- SELECTION GUIDELINES -- Railing Performance -- Compatibility -- Costs -- Field Experience -- Aesthetics -- Protective Screening at Overpasses -- PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS -- Considerations for Urban and Low-Volume Roads -- UPGRADING OF BRIDGE RAILINGS -- Identification of Potentially Obsolete Systems -- Upgrading Systems -- Concrete Retrofit (Safety Shape or Vertical) -- W-Beam or Thrie-Beam Retrofits -- Metal Post-and-Beam Retrofits -- TRANSITIONS -- CHAPTER 8-: END TREATMENTS -- OVERVIEW -- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- FHWA Acceptance Letters -- Guide to Standardized Barrier Hardware -- ANCHORAGE DESIGN CONCEPTS -- TERMINAL DESIGN CONCEPTS -- Compatibility of Terminals with Flexible and Semi-Rigid Barrier Systems -- Performance Characteristics of Terminals -- Energy-Absorbing vs. Non-Energy-Absorbing Terminals -- Flared versus Tangent Terminals -- Length-of-Need Point -- Site Grading Considerations for Terminals -- Advance Grading -- Adjacent Grading -- Runout Distance Grading -- Terminals -- Terminals for Cable Barrier Systems -- Three-Strand Cable Terminal -- Terminals for High-Tension Cable Barrier Systems -- Terminals for W-Beam Guardrail Systems -- Buried-in-Backslope Terminal -- Flared W-Beam Terminals -- Eccentric Loader Terminal (ELT) -- Modified Eccentric Loader Terminal (MELT) -- Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal (FLEAT") -- Slotted Rail Terminal (SRT-350") -- X-Tension" Guardrail End Terminal -- Tangent W-Beam Terminals -- Extruder Terminal (ET-Plus") -- Sequential Kinking Terminal (SKT-350") -- X-Tension Guardrail Terminal -- Terminals for 787-mm [31-in.] Height Steel Beam Guardrail Systems -- Median Terminals -- Brakemastero 350 -- Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal (CAT-350') -- FLEAT Median Terminal (FLEAT-MTT") -- X-Tension T.' Median Attenuator System (X-MAS) -- Terminals for Box-Beam Guardrail -- Wyoming Box-Beam End Terminal (WY-BET") -- Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (BEAT') -- CRASH CUSHION DESIGN CONCEPTS -- Design Principles -- Work-Energy Principle -- Conservation of Momentum Principle -- Crash Cushions Based on Work-Energy Principle -- Sacrificial Crash Cushions -- Thrie-Beam Bullnose Guardrail System -- ABSORB 350-- Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module (ADIEM') -- Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Single Sided Crash Cushion (BEAT-SSCC1") System -- Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Bridge Pier (BEAT-BP") System -- QuadTrend 350 -- Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (NCIAS) -- Reusable Crash Cushions -- QuadGuard Family -- Universal TAU-I1 Family -- Trinity Attenuating Crash Cushion (TRACCTM) Family, -- QUEST Crash Cushion -- Low-Maintenance and/or Self-Restoring Crash Cushions -- Compressor" Attenuator -- EASI-CELL Cluster -- Hybrid Energy Absorbing Reusable Terminal (HEART") -- QuadGuard Elite -- QuadGuard Low-Maintenance Cartridge (LMC) -- Reusable Energy-Absorbing Crash Terminal (REACT 350) -- Smart Cushion Innovations 100GM and 70GM (SCI-100GM and SCI-70GM) -- Crash Cushions Based on Conservation of Momentum Principle -- Miscellaneous Crash Cushions and End Treatments for Concrete Barriers -- Sloped Concrete End Treatment -- Buried Concrete Barrier Terminal -- Dragnet -- Ground Retractable Automotive Barrier (GRAB-3006) -- Gravel-Bed Attenuator -- STOPGATE -- Florida Low-Profile Barrier Terminal -- Crash Cushion Selection Guidelines -- Site Characteristics -- Crash Cushion Structural and Safety Characteristics -- Costs -- Maintenance Characteristics -- Selection Criteria -- Inclusion Area -- Placement Recommendations -- DELINEATION OF END TREATMENTS -- CHAPTER 9—TRAFFIC BARRIERS, TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, AND OTHER SAFETY FEATURES FOR WORK ZONES -- OVERVIEW -- THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT IN WORK ZONES -- Application of the Clear-Zone Concept in Work Zones -- TRAFFIC BARRIERS -- Temporary Longitudinal Barriers -- Test-Level Requirements -- Portable Concrete Barriers -- Iowa Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Rockingham Precast Concrete Barrier -- J-J Hooks Portable Concrete Barrier -- Modified Virginia DOT Portable Concrete Barrier -- California K-Rail Portable Concrete Barrier for Semi-Permanent Installations -- GPLINK Pre-Cast Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Georgia Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Idaho 6.1-m [20-ft] New Jersey Portable Barrier -- Oregon Pin-and-Loop Barrier -- Ohio DOT 3-m [10-ft] Long New Jersey Profile Temporary Concrete Barrier -- New York DOT Portable Concrete Barrier -- Iowa DOT Tie-Down Steel H-Section Temporary Barrier -- Quick-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier -- Texas ,x-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier -- Texas Single Slope Concrete Barrier (SSCB) -- Minimizing Deflection -- Restricted Sites -- Other Concrete Barriers -- Quickchanga Barrier system -- Low-Profile Barrier System -- Florida Low-Profile Barrier System -- Other Barriers -- Water-Filled Barriers -- Steel Barriers -- End Treatments -- Transitions -- Portable Concrete Barrier Steel Plate Transition -- F-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier to Low-Profile Barrier Transition -- Applications -- Crash Cushions -- Stationary Crash Cushions -- Sand-Filled Plastic Barrels -- QuadGuardD CZ System -- REACT 350 CZ -- Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs) -- Test-Level Selection for TMAs -- Placement -- Buffer Distance -- Mass of a Shadow Vehicle -- Delineation -- Crashworthy TMAs -- TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES -- Channelizing Devices -- Test-Level Evaluation Criteria -- Cones and Tubular Markers -- Vertical Panels -- Drums -- Barricades -- Longitudinal Channelizing Devices -- Signs and Supports -- Long- and Intermediate-Term Work-Zone Sign Supports -- Wheeled Portable Sign Supports -- Short-Term Work-Zone Sign Supports -- Trailer-Mounted Devices -- Warning Lights -- OTHER WORK-ZONE FEATURES -- Glare Screens -- Pavement Edge Drop-Offs -- CHAPTER 10: ROADSIDE SAFETY IN URBAN OR RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENTS -- OVERVIEW -- EVALUATION OF CRITICAL URBAN ROADSIDE LOCATIONS -- Evaluation of Individual Sites -- Design Speed and Functional Use -- Targeted Design Approach for High-Risk Urban Roadside Corridors -- Obstacles in Close Proximity to Curb Face or Lane Edge -- Lane Merge Locations -- Driveway Locations -- Intersection Locations -- ROADSIDE FEATURES FOR URBAN AND RESTRICTED AREAS -- Common Urban Roadside Features -- Curbs -- Shoulders -- Channelization and Medians -- Gateways -- Roadside Grading -- Pedestrian Facilities -- Bicycle Facilities -- Parking -- Safe Placement of Roadside Objects -- Mailboxes -- Street Furniture -- Vertical Roadside Treatments and Their Hardware -- Utility Poles -- Lighting and Visibility -- Sign Posts and Roadside Hardware-- Placement of Landscaping, Trees, and Shrubs -- Use of Roadside Barriers -- Barrier Warrants -- Barriers to Protect Adjacent Land Use -- Common Urban Barrier Treatments -- Roadside and M d. Barriers -- Crash Cushions -- Pedestrian Restraint Systems -- DRAINAGE -- URBAN WORK ZONES -- CHAPTER 11-ERECTING MAILBOXES ON STREETS AND HIGHWAYS -- OVERVIEW -- MAILBOXES -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES -- Regulations -- Mail Stop and Mailbox Location -- Mailbox Turnout Design -- Mailbox Support and Attachment Design -- U.S. POSTAL SERVICE GUIDANCE AND MODEL MAILBOX REGULATION -- U.S. Postal Service Guidance -- Model Mailbox Regulation -- Scope -- Location -- Structure -- Shoulder and Parking Area Construction -- Removal of Nonconforming or Unsafe Mailboxes -- CHAPTER 12—ROADSIDE SAFETY ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS AND STREETS -- OVERVIEW -- STRATEGIES -- SIGNING, MARKING, AND DELINEATION -- CLEAR ZONE -- SLOPES AND DITCHES -- DRAINAGE STRUCTURES -- ROADSIDE BARRIERS -- BRIDGES.

List of Figures -- CHAPTER 1 -- Figure 1-1. Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths and Deaths Per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1950-2008 -- Figure 1-2. Percent Distribution of Fixed-Object Fatalities by Object Struck, 2008 -- CHAPTER 3 -- Figure 3-1. Roadway Geometry Features -- Figure 3-2. Clear Zone for Non-Recoverable Parallel Foresiope -- Figure 3-3. Suggested Design for Transverse slopes -- Figure 3-4. Median Transverse Slope Design -- Figure 3-5. Alternate Designs for Drains at Median openings -- Figure 3-6. Preferred Cross Sections for Channels with Abrupt Slope Changes -- Figure 3-7. Preferred Cross Sections for Channels with Gradual Slope Changes -- Figure 3-8. Design Criteria for Safety Treatment of Pipes and Culverts -- Figure 3-9. Safety Treatment for Cross-Drainage Culvert -- Figure 3-10. Inlet and Outlet Design Example for Parallel Drainage -- Figure 3-11. Alternate Location for a Parallel Drainage Culvert -- Figure 3-12. Safety Treatment for Parallel Drainage Pipe -- CHAPTER 4 -- Figure 4-1. Breakaway Support Stub Height Measurements -- Figure 4-2. Wind and Impact Loads on Roadside Signs -- Figure 4-3. Impact Performance of a Multiple-Post Sign Support -- Figure 4-4. Multidirectional Coupler -- Figure 4-5. Typical Unidirectional Slip Base -- Figure 4-6. Slotted Fuse Plate Design -- Figure 4-7. Perforated Fuse Plate Design -- Figure 4-8. Unidirectional Slip Base for Small Signs -- Figure 4-9. Multidirectional Slip Base for Small Signs -- Figure 4-10. Oregon 3-Bolt Slip Base -- Figure 4-11. Example of a Cast Aluminum Frangible Luminaire -- Figure 4-12. Example of a Luminaire Slip Base Design -- Figure 4-13. Example of a Frangible Coupling Design -- Figure 4-14. Prototype Breakaway Design for Utility Poles CHAPTER 5 -- Figure 5-1(a). Comparative Barrier Consideration for Embankments (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-1(b). Comparative Barrier Consideration for Embankments (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-2(a). Example Design Chart for Embankment Barrier Consideration Based on Fill Height, Slope, and Traffic Volume (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-2(b). Example Design Chart for Embankment Barrier Consideration Based on Fill Height, Slope, and Traffic Volume (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-3(a). Example Design Chart for Cost-Effective Barrier Consideration for Embankments Based on Traffic Speeds and Volumes, Slope Geometry, and Length of Slope (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-3(b). Example Design Chart for Cost-Effective Barrier Consideration for Embankments Based on Traffic Speeds and Volumes, Slope Geometry, and Length of Slope (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-4. Definition of Roadside Barriers -- Figure 5-5. Three-Strand Cable Barrier -- Figure 5-6. Weak-Post W-Beam Guardrail -- Figure 5-7. Ironwood Aesthetic Guardrail -- Figure 5-8. Weak-Post Box Beam Guardrail -- Figure 5-9, Steel-Post W-Beam Guardrail with Wood Blockouts -- Figure 5-10. Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) -- Figure 5-11. Gregory Mini Spacer -- Figure 5-12. Trinity T-31" Guardrail System -- Figure 5-13. NU-GUARD"'-31 Guardrail System -- Figure 5-14. Wood-Post Thrie-Beam Guardrail -- Figure 5-15. Modified Thrie-Beam Guardrail -- Figure 5-16. Trinity T-39" Guardrail System -- Figure 5-17. Merritt Parkway Aesthetic Guardrail -- Figure 5-18. Backed Timber Guardrail -- Figure 5-19, Low Profile Barrier -- Figure 5-20. Constant Slope Barrier -- Figure 5-21. 2,290-mm [90-in,) New Jersey Barrier -- Figure 5-22. CushionWall® II System -- Figure 5-23, Stone Masonry Wall -- Figure 5-24. Precast Masonry Wall -- Figure 5-25. Long-Span, Nested W-Beam Guardrail -- Figure 5-26. Long-Span MGS -- Figure 5-27. Zone of Intrusion for TL-2 -- Figure 5-28. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Concrete Barriers and Steel Tubular Rails on Curbs -- Figure 5-29. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Combination and Timber Barriers -- Figure 5-30. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Steel Tubular Rails Not on Curbs -- Figure 5-31. Zone of Intrustion for TL-4 Barriers per NCHRP Report 350 -- Figure 5-32, Example Guardrail and Embankment Layout Sheet -- Figure 5-33, Recommended Barrier Placement for Optimum Performance -- Figure 5-34, MGS Placed at 1V:2H Slope Breakpoint -- Figure 5-35(a). Example Laydown Curb for Use Offset from Guardrail -- Figure 5-35(b). Example Laydown Curb near End Terminal -- Figure 5-36. MGS Offset from Curb -- Figure 5-37. Design Parameters for Vehicle Encroachments on Slopes -- Figure 5-39. Approach Barrier Layout Variables -- Figure 5-38. Recommended Barrier Location on 1v:6H -- Figure 5-40(b). Example Design Chart for a Flared Roadside Barrier Installation (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-40(a). Example Design Chart for a Flared Roadside Barrier -- Figure 5-41(b). Example Design Chart for a Parallel Roadside Barrier Installation (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-41(a). Example Design Chart for a Parallel Roadside Barrier Installation (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-42. Approach Barrier Layout for Opposing Traffic -- Figure 5-43. Determination of Trailing End Guardrail Layout -- Figure 5-44. Suggested Roadside Slopes for Approach Barriers -- Figure 5-45. Example of Barrier Design for Bridge Approach -- Figure 5-46. Example of Barrier Design for Bridge Piers -- Figure 5-47. Example of Barrier Design for Non-Traversable Embankments -- Figure 5-48. Example of Barrier Design for Fixed Object on Horizontal Curve -- Figure 5-49. Example Field Installation with Terminal -- Figure 5-50. Possible Solution to Intersection Side Road Near Bridge -- Figure 5-51(a). Guardrail Post Details in Rock Formation (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-51(b). Guardrail Post Details in Rock Formation (U.S. Customary Units) -- Figure 5-52(a). Guardrail Post Details in Mow Strip Applications (Metric Units) -- Figure 5-52(b). Guardrail Post Details in Mow Strip Applications (U.S. Customary Units) -- CHAPTER 6 -- Figure 6-1. Guidelines for Median Barriers on High-speed, Fully Controlled-Access Roadways -- Figure 6-2. Weak-Post W-Beam Median Barrier -- Figure 6-3. Three-Strand Cable Median Barrier -- Figure 6-4. Brifen Wire Rope Safety Fence -- Figure 6-5. The Cable Safety System (CASS) -- Figure 6-6. NU-CABLETM High-Tension Cable System -- Figure 6-7. Safence Cable Barrier System -- Figure 6-8. Gibraltar Cable Barrier System -- Figure 6-9. Box-Beam Median Barrier -- Figure 6-10. Strong-Post W-Beam Median Barrier -- Figure 6-11. Modified Thrie-Beam Median Barrier Figure 6-12. New York Modification of Concrete Barrier -- Figure 6-13. Concrete Safety-Shape Median Barrier -- Figure 6-14. Single-Slope Concrete Median Barrier -- Figure 6-15. Standard Quickchange® Moveable Barrier System -- Figure 6-16. Barrier Termination at Permanent Openings -- Figure 6-17. BarrierGate -- Figure 6-18. Recommended Barrier Placement in Non-Level Medians -- Figure 6-19. Example of a Split Median Barrier Layout -- Figure 6-20. Suggested Layout for Shielding a Rigid Object in a Median -- CHAPTER 7 -- Figure 7-1. Curb Type Glu-Lam Timber Railing -- Figure 7-2. Texas T-6 Railing -- Figure 7-3. Wyoming Two Tube Bridge Railing -- Figure 7-4. Concrete F-Shaped Bridge Railing -- Figure 7-5. 1,067-mm [42-in.] Tall Concrete Safety-Shaped Bridge Railing -- Figure 7-6. Texas Type TT Railing -- Figure 7-7. End Treatment for Traffic Railing on a Bridge in Low-Speed Situations -- Figure 7-8. Terminating a Traffic Barrier on Bridge with End Terminal -- Figure 7-9. Iowa Concrete Block Retrofit Bridge Railing -- Figure 7-10. Delaware Thrie-Beam Retrofit -- Figure 7-11. Metal Post-and-Beam Retrofit -- Figure 7-12. Thrie-Beam Transition to Modified Concrete Safety Shape -- CHAPTER 8 -- Figure 8-1. Trailing End W-Beam Guardrail Anchorage -- Figure 8-2, Grading for Flared Guardrail Terminal -- Figure 8-3. Grading for Tangent Guardrail Terminal -- Figure 8-4. Three-Strand Cable Terminal -- Figure 8-5. CASSTM Cable Terminal (CCT) -- Figure 8-6. W-Beam Guardrail Anchored in Backslope -- Figure 8-7. Eccentric Loader Terminal (ELT) -- Figure 8-8. Modified Eccentric Loader Terminal (MELT) -- Figure 8-9. Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal (FLEATT") -- Figure 8-10. Slotted Rail Terminal (SRT-350TH) -- Figure 8-11. X-Tension Guardrail End Terminal -- Figure 8-12. Extruder Terminal (ET-PlusT") -- Figure 8-13. Sequential Kinking Terminal (SKT-350) -- Figure 8-14. Brakemaster® 350 -- Figure 8-15. Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal (CAT-350) -- Figure 8-16. FLEAT Median Terminal (FLEAT-MTT") -- Figure 8-17, X-TensionT" Median Attenuator System (X-MAS) -- Figure 8-18. Wyoming Box-Beam End Terminal (WY-BETT") -- Figure 8-19. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (BEAT') -- Figure 8-20. Bullnose Guardrail System -- Figure 8-21. ABSORB 350' Crash Cushion -- Figure 8-22. Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module (ADIEM'') -- Figure 8-23. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Single Sided Crash Cushion (BEAT-SSCC) System -- Figure 8-24. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Bridge Pier (BEAT-BP') system -- Figure 8-25. QuadTrend® 350 -- Figure 8-26. Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (NCAIS) -- Figure 8-27. QuadGuard® Crash Cushion -- Figure 8-28. TAU-II Crash Cushion -- Figure 8-29. Trinity Attenuating Crash Cushion (TRACC") -- Figure 8-30. QUEST® Crash Cushion -- Figure 8-31. Compressor Attenuator -- Figure 8-32. EASI-CELL Cluster® -- Figure 8-33. Hybrid Energy Absorbing Reusable Terminal (HEART') -- Figure 8-34. QuadGuard Elite -- Figure 8-35. QuadGuard Low-Maintenance Cartridge (LMC) -- Figure 8-36. Reusable Energy-Absorbing Crash Terminal (REACT 350) -- Figure 8-37. Smart Cushion Innovations (SCI-100GM) Crash Cushion -- Figure 8-38. Conservation of Momentum Principle -- Figure 8-39. The Fitch Universal Barrel® -- Figure 8-40. Suggested Layout for the Last Three Exterior Modules in an Inertial Barrier -- Figure 8-41. Sand Barrel Array for Reverse-Direction Impacts - Figure 8-42. Sand Barrel Array Oriented Towards Approaching Traffic -- Figure 8-43. Sloped Concrete End Treatment -- Figure 8-44. Barrier Anchored in Backslope -- Figure 8-45. Dragnet -- Figure 8-46. Ground Retractable Automotive Barrier (GRAB-300€) -- Figure 8-47. STOPGATE® -- CHAPTER 9 -- Figure 9-1. Iowa Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-2. Rockingham Precast Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-3. J-J Hooks Portable Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-4. Modified Virginia DOT Portable Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-5. California K-Rail Portable Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-6. GPLINK® Pre-Cast Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-7. Georgia Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-8. Idaho 6.1-m [20-ft] New Jersey Portable Barrier -- Figure 9-9. Oregon Pin-and-Loop Barrier -- Figure 9-10. Ohio DOT 3-m f10-ftj Long New Jersey Profile Temporary Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-11. New York DOT Portable Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-12. Iowa DOT Tie-Down Steel H-Section Temporary Barrier -- Figure 9-13. Quick-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier -- Figure 9-14. Texas X-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier -- Figure 9-15. Texas SSCB -- Figure 9-16. TxDOT New Jersey-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier Pinned-with-Stakes Design -- Figure 9-17. Pinned F-Shaped Temporary Barrier -- Figure 9-18. Quickchange Barrier System -- Figure 9-19. Low-Profile Barrier System -- Figure 9-20. Water-Filled Barrier -- Figure 9-21. Steel Barrier -- Figure 9-22. Slope-End Treatment for Low-Profile Portable Concrete Barrier -- Figure 9-23. Portable Concrete Barrier Steel Plate Transition -- Figure 9-24. F-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier to Low-Profile Barrier Transition -- Figure 9-25. QuadGuard CZ System -- Figure 9-26. REACT® 350 CZ System -- Figure 9-27. TMA with Energy-Absorbing Cartridge -- Figure 9-28. TMA with Telescoping Steel Frame and Cutter Assembly -- Figure 9-29. TMA with Steel Frame and Burster or Kinker Assembly -- Figure 9-30. TMA with Steel or Polyethylene Cylinder Assembly -- Figure 9-31. Mobile Barrier Trailer -- Figure 9-32. Traffic Cone -- Figure 9-33. Portable Vertical Panel -- Figure 9-34. Plastic Drums -- Figure 9-35. Crashworthy Generic Type II Barricade -- Figure 9-36. Crashworthy Generic Type Ill Barricade -- Figure 9-37. Longitudinal Channelizing Device -- Figure 9-38. Montana Wheeled Portable Sign Support -- Figure 9-39. X-Base Sign Support -- CHAPTER 10 -- Figure 10-1. Lateral Offset for Objects at Horizontal Curves on Curbed Facilities -- Figure 10-2. Enhanced Lateral Offsets at Merge Points -- Figure 10-3. Enhanced Lateral Offsets at Driveways -- Figure 10-4. Landscape and Rigid Object Placement for Buffer Strip -- Figure 10-5. Landscape and Rigid Object Placement for Buffer Strip Widths -- Figure 10-6. A Transit Shelter Located Curbside -- CHAPTER 11 -- Figure 11-1. Typical Single Mailbox installations -- Figure 11-2. Examples of Hazardous Single Mailbox Installations -- Figure 11-3. Examples of Hazardous Multiple Mailbox Installations -- Figure 11-4. Suggested Minimum Clearance Distance to Nearest Mailbox for Mail Stops at Intersections -- Figure 11-5. Mailbox Turnout -- Figure 11-6. Mailbox Support Hardware, Series A -- Figure 11-7. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series A -- Figure 11-8. Mailbox Support Hardware, Series B -- Figure 11-9. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series B -- Figure 11-10. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series C -- Figure 11-11. Collection Unit on Auxiliary Lane (left) and Neighborhood Delivery and Collection Box Units -- Figure 11-12. Plastic Mailbox with Integral Support -- Figure 11-13. Vandal-Resistant Decorative mailbox -- Figure 11-14. Secure Mailboxes -- Figure 11-15. Cantilever Mailbox Supports -- Figure 11-16. Breakaway Cantilever/Swing-Away Mailbox Support -- CHAPTER 12 -- Figure 12-1. Single Vehicle Roadway Departure Fatalities on Two Lanes, Undivided, Noninterchange, Nonconjunction Roads by Roadway Classification in 2009 -- Figure 12-2. Distribution of Single-Vehicle ROR Crashes between Tangent and Curved Sections -- Figure 12-3. Reinforcing Steel Grate -- Figure 12-4. Typical Low-Volume Rural Roadway -- Figure 12-5. Typical Low-Volume Rural Bridge.

List of Tables -- CHAPTER 3 -- Table 3-1. Suggested Clear-Zone Distances in Meters (Feet) from Edge of Through Traveled Lane -- Table 3-2. Horizontal Curve Adjustment Factor -- CHAPTER 4 -- Table 4-1. Objectives and Strategies for Reducing Utility Pole Crashes -- Table 4-2. Objectives and Strategies for Reducing Crashes with Trees -- CHAPTER 5 -- Table 5-1(a). MASH Crash Test Matrix for Longitudinal Barriers -- Table 5-1(b), NCHRP Report 350 Crash Test Matrix for Longitudinal Barriers -- Table 5-2. Barrier Guidelines for Non-Traversable Terrain and Roadside Obstacles -- Table 5-3. Roadside Barriers and NCHRP Report 350 Approved Test Levels -- Table 5-4. MGS Design Applications with Pickup Truck Impact Performance -- Table 5-5. Selection Criteria for Roadside Barriers -- Table 5-6. Summary of Maximum Deflections -- Table 5-7. Suggested Shy-Line Offset (Ls) Values -- Table 5-8(a). Example Bumper Trajectory Data (Metric Units) -- Table 5-8(b). Example Bumper Trajectory Data (U.S. Customary Units) -- Table 5-9. Suggested Flare Rates for Barrier Design -- Table 5-10(a). Suggested Runout Lengths for Barrier Design (Metric Units) -- Table 5-10(b). Suggested Runout Lengths for Barrier Design (U.S. Customary Units) -- CHAPTER 6 -- Table 6-1. Crashworthy Median Barrier Systems -- CHAPTER 7 -- Table 7-1. MASH Test Matrix for Bridge Railings -- CHAPTER 8 -- Table 8-1. Terminals for Cable Barrier Systems -- Table 8-2. Terminals for W-Beam Guardrail Systems -- Table 8-3. Terminals for Median W-Beam Guardrail Systems -- Table 8-4. Terminals for Box-Beam Guardrail Systems -- Table 8-5. Sacrificial Crash Cushions -- Table 8-6. Reusable Crash Cushions -- Table 8-7. Low-Maintenance and/or Self-Restoring Crash Cushions -- Table 8-8. Sand Barrel Systems -- Table 8-9. Sample Design Calculation for a Sand-Filled Barrel System -- Table 8-10. Miscellaneous Crash Cushions and End Treatments -- Table 8-11. Area Available for Crash Cushion Installation -- Table 8-12. Comparative Maintenance Characteristics -- CHAPTER 9 -- Table 9-1. Example -- Table 9-2. Temporary Longitudinal Barriers -- Table 9-3. Crashworthy Portable Concrete Barriers -- Table 9-4. Suggested Priorities for Application of Protective Vehicles and Truck-Mounted Attenuators -- Table 9-5. Example of Guidelines for Spacing of Shadows Vehicle -- CHAPTER 10 -- Table 10-1. Design Strategies for Curb Treatment -- Table 10-2. Design Strategies for Channelized Islands and Medians -- Table 10-3. Design Strategies for Gateways -- Table 10-4. Design Strategies for Roadside Grading -- Table 10-5. Design Strategies to Protect Pedestrians in Motor Vehicle Crashes -- Table 10-6. Design Strategies for Bicycles -- Table 10-7. Design Strategies for On-Street Parking -- Table 10-8. Design Strategies for Urban Mailbox Use -- Table 10-9. Design Strategies for Street Furniture Use -- Table 10-10. Design Strategies for Vertical Roadside Treatment and Hardware -- CHAPTER 11 -- Table 11-1. Suggested Guidelines for Lateral Placement of Mailboxes.

Resumen: "The Roadside Design Guide presents a synthesis of current information and operating practices related to roadside safety and is written in dual units-metric and U.S. Customary. This book is a guide. It is not a standard, nor is it a design policy. It is intended to use as a resource document from which individual highway agencies can develop standards and policies. Although much of the material in the guide can be considered universal in its application, several recommendations are subjective in nature and may need modification to fit local conditions. However, it is important that significant deviations from the guide be based on operational experience and objective analysis. The 2011 edition of the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide has been updated to include hardware that has met the evaluation criteria contained in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features and begins to detail the most current evaluation criteria contained under the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, 2009 (MASH). For the most part, roadside hardware tested and accepted under older guidelines that are no longer applicable has not been excluded in this edition." -- AASHTO website.

Existencias ( 1 )
Notas de título ( 5 )

Existencias
Imagen de cubierta	Tipo de ítem	Biblioteca actual	Biblioteca de origen	Colección	Ubicación en estantería	Signatura topográfica	Materiales especificados	Info Vol	URL	Copia número	Estado	Notas	Fecha de vencimiento	Código de barras	Reserva de ítems	Prioridad de la cola de reserva de ejemplar	Reservas para cursos
	Libro Referencia CARIBET	CARIBET Biblioteca Arquitectura Colección de Referencia CARIBET				Referencia TE228 A49 2011 (Navegar estantería(Abre debajo))				1	Disponible			91000000063925

Total de reservas: 0

Includes bibliographical references and index.

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ROADSIDE SAFETY --
HISTORY OF ROADSIDE SAFETY --
THE BENEFITS OF ROADSIDE SAFETY --
STRATEGIC PLAN FOR IMPROVING ROADSIDE SAFETY --
GUIDE CONTENT AND FORMAT --
CRASH TESTING ROADSIDE SAFETY FEATURES AND HARDWARE --
THE APPLICATION OF THIS GUIDE --
CHAPTER 2: ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ROADSIDE SAFETY --
OVERVIEW --
BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS --
Encroachments --
Roadside Geometry --
Crash Costs --
BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS PROGRAMS --
IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION --
CHAPTER 3: ROADSIDE TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE FEATURES --
OVERVIEW --
THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT --
ROADSIDE GEOMETRY --
Foreslopes --
Backslopes --
Transverse Slopes --
Drainage Channels --
APPLICATION OF THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT --
Recoverable Foreslopes --
Non-Recoverable Foreslopes --
Critical Foreslopes --
Examples of Clear-Zone Application on Variable Slopes --
Clear-Zone Applications for Drainage Channels and Backslopes --
Clear Zone for Auxiliary Lanes and Freeway Ramps --
DRAINAGE FEATURES --
Curbs --
Cross-Drainage Structures --
Traversable Designs --
Extension of Structure --
Shielding --
Parallel Drainage Features --
Eliminate the Structure --
Traversable Designs --
Relocate the Structure --
Shielding --
Drop Inlets --
EXAMPLES OF THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT TO RECOVERABLE FORESLOPES --
CHAPTER 4: SIGN, SIGNAL, AND LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS, UTILITY POLES, TREES, AND SIMILAR ROADSIDE FEATURES --
OVERVIEW --
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR BREAKAWAY SUPPORTS --
DESIGN AND LOCATION CRITERIA FOR BREAKAWAY AND NON-BREAKAWAY SUPPORTS --
SIGN SUPPORTS --
Overhead Sign Supports --
Large Roadside Sign Supports --
Small Roadside Sign Supports --
MULTIPLE POST SUPPORTS FOR SIGNS --
LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS --
Breakaway Luminaire Supports --
High-Level Lighting Supports --
TRAFFIC SIGNAL SUPPORTS --
SUPPORTS FOR MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES --
Railroad Crossing Warning Devices --
Fire Hydrants --
Mailbox Supports --
UTILITY POLES --
TREES --
CHAPTER 5: ROADSIDE BARRIERS
OVERVIEW --
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS --
FHWA Acceptance Letters --
Standard Barrier Hardware Guide --
BARRIER RECOMMENDATIONS --
Roadside Geometry and Terrain Features --
Roadside Obstacles --
Bystanders, Pedestrians, and Bicyclists --
Motorcycles and Barrier Design --
TEST LEVEL SELECTION FACTORS --
STRUCTURAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS --
Standard Sections of Roadside Barriers --
Low-Tension Cable --
High-Tension Cable --
W-Beam (Weak Post) --
Ironwood Aesthetic Guardrail --
Box Beam (Weak Post) --
Blocked-Out W-Beam (Strong Post) --
Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) --
Proprietary W-Beam Guardrail Systems --
Gregory Mini SpacerTM (GMS) Guardrail System --
Trinity T-31T" Guardrail System --
NU-GUARDTM 31 by Nucor Steel Marion, Inc. --
Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam --
Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam (Wood and Steel Strong Post) --
Modified Thrie-Beam --
Trinity T-39' Guardrail System --
Merritt Parkway Aesthetic Guardrail --
Backed Timber Guardrail --
Concrete Barriers --
CUSHIONWALL II Crash Cushion System --
Stone Masonry Wall/Precast Masonry Wall --
Long-Span Guardrail Systems --
Transition Designs --
SELECTION GUIDELINES --.
Barrier Performance Capability --
Barrier Deflection Characteristics --
Site Conditions --
Compatibility --
Life-Cycle Costs --
Maintenance --
Routine Maintenance --
Crash Maintenance --
Material and Storage Requirements --
Simplicity of Barrier Design --
Aesthetic and Environmental Considerations --
Field Experience --
PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS --
Barrier Offset --
Terrain Effects --
Curbs --
Curb/Guardrail Combinations for Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail --
Crash Tested Curb/Guardrail Combinations --
Slopes --
Flare Rate --
Length-of-Need --
Grading for Terminals --
Guardrail Placed in a Radius --
Guardrail Posts in Rigid Foundations --
Guardrail Posts in Rock Formations --
Guardrail Posts in Mow Strips --
UPGRADING SYSTEMS --
Structural Inadequacies --
Design/Placement Inadequacies --
Establishing Priorities of Upgrading Needs --
CHAPTER 6: MEDIAN BARRIERS --
OVERVIEW --
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS --
GUIDELINES FOR MEDIAN BARRIER APPLICATION --
PERFORMANCE LEVEL SELECTION PROCEDURES --
STRUCTURAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAN BARRIERS --
Crashworthy Median Barrier Systems --
Weak-Post W-Beam Median Barrier --
Low-Tension Cable Barrier --
High-Tension Cable Barrier --
Box-Beam Median Barrier --
Blocked-Out W-Beam (Strong Post) --
Blocked-Out Thrie-Beam (Strong Post) --
Modified Thrie-Beam Median Barrier --
Concrete Barrier --
Quickchange Moveable Barrier System --
End Treatments --
Transitions --
SELECTION GUIDELINES --
Barrier Performance Capability --
Barrier Deflection Characteristics--
Compatibility --
Costs --
Maintenance --
Aesthetic and Environmental Considerations --
Field Experience --
PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS --
Terrain Effects --
Median Section I --
Median Section II --
Median Section III --
Fixed Objects within the Median --
UPGRADING SYSTEMS --
CHAPTER 7: BRIDGE RAILINGS AND TRANSITIONS --
OVERVIEW --
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS --
GUIDELINES --
APPROPRIATE TEST LEVEL SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS --
CRASH-TESTED RAILINGS --
NCHRP 350 TL-1 through TL-4 Bridge Railings --
MASH TL-5 and TL-6 Bridge Railings --
SELECTION GUIDELINES --
Railing Performance --
Compatibility --
Costs --
Field Experience --
Aesthetics --
Protective Screening at Overpasses --
PLACEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS --
Considerations for Urban and Low-Volume Roads --
UPGRADING OF BRIDGE RAILINGS --
Identification of Potentially Obsolete Systems --
Upgrading Systems --
Concrete Retrofit (Safety Shape or Vertical) --
W-Beam or Thrie-Beam Retrofits --
Metal Post-and-Beam Retrofits --
TRANSITIONS --
CHAPTER 8-: END TREATMENTS --
OVERVIEW --
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS --
FHWA Acceptance Letters --
Guide to Standardized Barrier Hardware --
ANCHORAGE DESIGN CONCEPTS --
TERMINAL DESIGN CONCEPTS --
Compatibility of Terminals with Flexible and Semi-Rigid Barrier Systems --
Performance Characteristics of Terminals --
Energy-Absorbing vs. Non-Energy-Absorbing Terminals --
Flared versus Tangent Terminals --
Length-of-Need Point --
Site Grading Considerations for Terminals --
Advance Grading --
Adjacent Grading --
Runout Distance Grading --
Terminals --
Terminals for Cable Barrier Systems --
Three-Strand Cable Terminal --
Terminals for High-Tension Cable Barrier Systems --
Terminals for W-Beam Guardrail Systems --
Buried-in-Backslope Terminal --
Flared W-Beam Terminals --
Eccentric Loader Terminal (ELT) --
Modified Eccentric Loader Terminal (MELT) --
Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal (FLEAT") --
Slotted Rail Terminal (SRT-350") --
X-Tension" Guardrail End Terminal --
Tangent W-Beam Terminals --
Extruder Terminal (ET-Plus") --
Sequential Kinking Terminal (SKT-350") --
X-Tension Guardrail Terminal --
Terminals for 787-mm [31-in.] Height Steel Beam Guardrail Systems --
Median Terminals --
Brakemastero 350 --
Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal (CAT-350') --
FLEAT Median Terminal (FLEAT-MTT") --
X-Tension T.' Median Attenuator System (X-MAS) --
Terminals for Box-Beam Guardrail --
Wyoming Box-Beam End Terminal (WY-BET") --
Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (BEAT') --
CRASH CUSHION DESIGN CONCEPTS --
Design Principles --
Work-Energy Principle --
Conservation of Momentum Principle --
Crash Cushions Based on Work-Energy Principle --
Sacrificial Crash Cushions --
Thrie-Beam Bullnose Guardrail System --
ABSORB 350--
Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module (ADIEM') --
Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Single Sided Crash Cushion (BEAT-SSCC1") System --
Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Bridge Pier (BEAT-BP") System --
QuadTrend 350 --
Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (NCIAS) --
Reusable Crash Cushions --
QuadGuard Family --
Universal TAU-I1 Family --
Trinity Attenuating Crash Cushion (TRACCTM) Family, --
QUEST Crash Cushion --
Low-Maintenance and/or Self-Restoring Crash Cushions --
Compressor" Attenuator --
EASI-CELL Cluster --
Hybrid Energy Absorbing Reusable Terminal (HEART") --
QuadGuard Elite --
QuadGuard Low-Maintenance Cartridge (LMC) --
Reusable Energy-Absorbing Crash Terminal (REACT 350) --
Smart Cushion Innovations 100GM and 70GM (SCI-100GM and SCI-70GM) --
Crash Cushions Based on Conservation of Momentum Principle --
Miscellaneous Crash Cushions and End Treatments for Concrete Barriers --
Sloped Concrete End Treatment --
Buried Concrete Barrier Terminal --
Dragnet --
Ground Retractable Automotive Barrier (GRAB-3006) --
Gravel-Bed Attenuator --
STOPGATE --
Florida Low-Profile Barrier Terminal --
Crash Cushion Selection Guidelines --
Site Characteristics --
Crash Cushion Structural and Safety Characteristics --
Costs --
Maintenance Characteristics --
Selection Criteria --
Inclusion Area --
Placement Recommendations --
DELINEATION OF END TREATMENTS --
CHAPTER 9—TRAFFIC BARRIERS, TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, AND OTHER SAFETY FEATURES FOR WORK ZONES -- OVERVIEW --
THE CLEAR-ZONE CONCEPT IN WORK ZONES --
Application of the Clear-Zone Concept in Work Zones --
TRAFFIC BARRIERS --
Temporary Longitudinal Barriers --
Test-Level Requirements --
Portable Concrete Barriers --
Iowa Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Rockingham Precast Concrete Barrier --
J-J Hooks Portable Concrete Barrier --
Modified Virginia DOT Portable Concrete Barrier --
California K-Rail Portable Concrete Barrier for Semi-Permanent Installations --
GPLINK Pre-Cast Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Georgia Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Idaho 6.1-m [20-ft] New Jersey Portable Barrier --
Oregon Pin-and-Loop Barrier --
Ohio DOT 3-m [10-ft] Long New Jersey Profile Temporary Concrete Barrier --
New York DOT Portable Concrete Barrier --
Iowa DOT Tie-Down Steel H-Section Temporary Barrier --
Quick-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier --
Texas ,x-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier --
Texas Single Slope Concrete Barrier (SSCB) --
Minimizing Deflection --
Restricted Sites --
Other Concrete Barriers --
Quickchanga Barrier system --
Low-Profile Barrier System --
Florida Low-Profile Barrier System --
Other Barriers --
Water-Filled Barriers --
Steel Barriers --
End Treatments --
Transitions --
Portable Concrete Barrier Steel Plate Transition --
F-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier to Low-Profile Barrier Transition --
Applications --
Crash Cushions --
Stationary Crash Cushions --
Sand-Filled Plastic Barrels --
QuadGuardD CZ System --
REACT 350 CZ --
Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs) --
Test-Level Selection for TMAs --
Placement --
Buffer Distance --
Mass of a Shadow Vehicle --
Delineation --
Crashworthy TMAs --
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES --
Channelizing Devices --
Test-Level Evaluation Criteria --
Cones and Tubular Markers --
Vertical Panels --
Drums --
Barricades --
Longitudinal Channelizing Devices --
Signs and Supports --
Long- and Intermediate-Term Work-Zone Sign Supports --
Wheeled Portable Sign Supports --
Short-Term Work-Zone Sign Supports --
Trailer-Mounted Devices --
Warning Lights --
OTHER WORK-ZONE FEATURES --
Glare Screens --
Pavement Edge Drop-Offs --
CHAPTER 10: ROADSIDE SAFETY IN URBAN OR RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENTS --
OVERVIEW --
EVALUATION OF CRITICAL URBAN ROADSIDE LOCATIONS --
Evaluation of Individual Sites --
Design Speed and Functional Use --
Targeted Design Approach for High-Risk Urban Roadside Corridors --
Obstacles in Close Proximity to Curb Face or Lane Edge --
Lane Merge Locations --
Driveway Locations --
Intersection Locations --
ROADSIDE FEATURES FOR URBAN AND RESTRICTED AREAS --
Common Urban Roadside Features --
Curbs --
Shoulders --
Channelization and Medians --
Gateways --
Roadside Grading --
Pedestrian Facilities --
Bicycle Facilities --
Parking --
Safe Placement of Roadside Objects --
Mailboxes --
Street Furniture --
Vertical Roadside Treatments and Their Hardware --
Utility Poles --
Lighting and Visibility --
Sign Posts and Roadside Hardware--
Placement of Landscaping, Trees, and Shrubs --
Use of Roadside Barriers --
Barrier Warrants --
Barriers to Protect Adjacent Land Use --
Common Urban Barrier Treatments --
Roadside and M d. Barriers --
Crash Cushions --
Pedestrian Restraint Systems --
DRAINAGE --
URBAN WORK ZONES --
CHAPTER 11-ERECTING MAILBOXES ON STREETS AND HIGHWAYS --
OVERVIEW --
MAILBOXES --
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES --
Regulations --
Mail Stop and Mailbox Location --
Mailbox Turnout Design --
Mailbox Support and Attachment Design --
U.S. POSTAL SERVICE GUIDANCE AND MODEL MAILBOX REGULATION --
U.S. Postal Service Guidance --
Model Mailbox Regulation --
Scope --
Location --
Structure --
Shoulder and Parking Area Construction --
Removal of Nonconforming or Unsafe Mailboxes --
CHAPTER 12—ROADSIDE SAFETY ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS AND STREETS --
OVERVIEW --
STRATEGIES --
SIGNING, MARKING, AND DELINEATION --
CLEAR ZONE --
SLOPES AND DITCHES --
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES --
ROADSIDE BARRIERS --
BRIDGES.

List of Figures --
CHAPTER 1 --
Figure 1-1. Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths and Deaths Per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1950-2008 --
Figure 1-2. Percent Distribution of Fixed-Object Fatalities by Object Struck, 2008 --
CHAPTER 3 --
Figure 3-1. Roadway Geometry Features --
Figure 3-2. Clear Zone for Non-Recoverable Parallel Foresiope --
Figure 3-3. Suggested Design for Transverse slopes --
Figure 3-4. Median Transverse Slope Design --
Figure 3-5. Alternate Designs for Drains at Median openings --
Figure 3-6. Preferred Cross Sections for Channels with Abrupt Slope Changes --
Figure 3-7. Preferred Cross Sections for Channels with Gradual Slope Changes --
Figure 3-8. Design Criteria for Safety Treatment of Pipes and Culverts --
Figure 3-9. Safety Treatment for Cross-Drainage Culvert --
Figure 3-10. Inlet and Outlet Design Example for Parallel Drainage --
Figure 3-11. Alternate Location for a Parallel Drainage Culvert --
Figure 3-12. Safety Treatment for Parallel Drainage Pipe --
CHAPTER 4 --
Figure 4-1. Breakaway Support Stub Height Measurements --
Figure 4-2. Wind and Impact Loads on Roadside Signs --
Figure 4-3. Impact Performance of a Multiple-Post Sign Support --
Figure 4-4. Multidirectional Coupler --
Figure 4-5. Typical Unidirectional Slip Base --
Figure 4-6. Slotted Fuse Plate Design --
Figure 4-7. Perforated Fuse Plate Design --
Figure 4-8. Unidirectional Slip Base for Small Signs --
Figure 4-9. Multidirectional Slip Base for Small Signs --
Figure 4-10. Oregon 3-Bolt Slip Base --
Figure 4-11. Example of a Cast Aluminum Frangible Luminaire --
Figure 4-12. Example of a Luminaire Slip Base Design --
Figure 4-13. Example of a Frangible Coupling Design --
Figure 4-14. Prototype Breakaway Design for Utility Poles
CHAPTER 5 --
Figure 5-1(a). Comparative Barrier Consideration for Embankments (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-1(b). Comparative Barrier Consideration for Embankments (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-2(a). Example Design Chart for Embankment Barrier Consideration Based on Fill Height, Slope, and Traffic Volume (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-2(b). Example Design Chart for Embankment Barrier Consideration Based on Fill Height, Slope, and Traffic Volume (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-3(a). Example Design Chart for Cost-Effective Barrier Consideration for Embankments Based on Traffic Speeds and Volumes, Slope Geometry, and Length of Slope (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-3(b). Example Design Chart for Cost-Effective Barrier Consideration for Embankments Based on Traffic Speeds and Volumes, Slope Geometry, and Length of Slope (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-4. Definition of Roadside Barriers --
Figure 5-5. Three-Strand Cable Barrier --
Figure 5-6. Weak-Post W-Beam Guardrail --
Figure 5-7. Ironwood Aesthetic Guardrail --
Figure 5-8. Weak-Post Box Beam Guardrail --
Figure 5-9, Steel-Post W-Beam Guardrail with Wood Blockouts --
Figure 5-10. Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) --
Figure 5-11. Gregory Mini Spacer --
Figure 5-12. Trinity T-31" Guardrail System --
Figure 5-13. NU-GUARD"'-31 Guardrail System --
Figure 5-14. Wood-Post Thrie-Beam Guardrail --
Figure 5-15. Modified Thrie-Beam Guardrail --
Figure 5-16. Trinity T-39" Guardrail System --
Figure 5-17. Merritt Parkway Aesthetic Guardrail --
Figure 5-18. Backed Timber Guardrail --
Figure 5-19, Low Profile Barrier --
Figure 5-20. Constant Slope Barrier --
Figure 5-21. 2,290-mm [90-in,) New Jersey Barrier --
Figure 5-22. CushionWall® II System --
Figure 5-23, Stone Masonry Wall --
Figure 5-24. Precast Masonry Wall --
Figure 5-25. Long-Span, Nested W-Beam Guardrail --
Figure 5-26. Long-Span MGS --
Figure 5-27. Zone of Intrusion for TL-2 --
Figure 5-28. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Concrete Barriers and Steel Tubular Rails on Curbs --
Figure 5-29. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Combination and Timber Barriers --
Figure 5-30. Zone of Intrusion for TL-3 Steel Tubular Rails Not on Curbs --
Figure 5-31. Zone of Intrustion for TL-4 Barriers per NCHRP Report 350 --
Figure 5-32, Example Guardrail and Embankment Layout Sheet --
Figure 5-33, Recommended Barrier Placement for Optimum Performance --
Figure 5-34, MGS Placed at 1V:2H Slope Breakpoint --
Figure 5-35(a). Example Laydown Curb for Use Offset from Guardrail --
Figure 5-35(b). Example Laydown Curb near End Terminal --
Figure 5-36. MGS Offset from Curb --
Figure 5-37. Design Parameters for Vehicle Encroachments on Slopes --
Figure 5-39. Approach Barrier Layout Variables --
Figure 5-38. Recommended Barrier Location on 1v:6H --
Figure 5-40(b). Example Design Chart for a Flared Roadside Barrier Installation (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-40(a). Example Design Chart for a Flared Roadside Barrier --
Figure 5-41(b). Example Design Chart for a Parallel Roadside Barrier Installation (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-41(a). Example Design Chart for a Parallel Roadside Barrier Installation (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-42. Approach Barrier Layout for Opposing Traffic --
Figure 5-43. Determination of Trailing End Guardrail Layout --
Figure 5-44. Suggested Roadside Slopes for Approach Barriers --
Figure 5-45. Example of Barrier Design for Bridge Approach --
Figure 5-46. Example of Barrier Design for Bridge Piers --
Figure 5-47. Example of Barrier Design for Non-Traversable Embankments --
Figure 5-48. Example of Barrier Design for Fixed Object on Horizontal Curve --
Figure 5-49. Example Field Installation with Terminal --
Figure 5-50. Possible Solution to Intersection Side Road Near Bridge --
Figure 5-51(a). Guardrail Post Details in Rock Formation (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-51(b). Guardrail Post Details in Rock Formation (U.S. Customary Units) --
Figure 5-52(a). Guardrail Post Details in Mow Strip Applications (Metric Units) --
Figure 5-52(b). Guardrail Post Details in Mow Strip Applications (U.S. Customary Units) --
CHAPTER 6 --
Figure 6-1. Guidelines for Median Barriers on High-speed, Fully Controlled-Access Roadways --
Figure 6-2. Weak-Post W-Beam Median Barrier --
Figure 6-3. Three-Strand Cable Median Barrier --
Figure 6-4. Brifen Wire Rope Safety Fence --
Figure 6-5. The Cable Safety System (CASS) --
Figure 6-6. NU-CABLETM High-Tension Cable System --
Figure 6-7. Safence Cable Barrier System --
Figure 6-8. Gibraltar Cable Barrier System --
Figure 6-9. Box-Beam Median Barrier --
Figure 6-10. Strong-Post W-Beam Median Barrier --
Figure 6-11. Modified Thrie-Beam Median Barrier Figure 6-12. New York Modification of Concrete Barrier --
Figure 6-13. Concrete Safety-Shape Median Barrier --
Figure 6-14. Single-Slope Concrete Median Barrier --
Figure 6-15. Standard Quickchange® Moveable Barrier System --
Figure 6-16. Barrier Termination at Permanent Openings --
Figure 6-17. BarrierGate --
Figure 6-18. Recommended Barrier Placement in Non-Level Medians --
Figure 6-19. Example of a Split Median Barrier Layout --
Figure 6-20. Suggested Layout for Shielding a Rigid Object in a Median --
CHAPTER 7 --
Figure 7-1. Curb Type Glu-Lam Timber Railing --
Figure 7-2. Texas T-6 Railing --
Figure 7-3. Wyoming Two Tube Bridge Railing --
Figure 7-4. Concrete F-Shaped Bridge Railing --
Figure 7-5. 1,067-mm [42-in.] Tall Concrete Safety-Shaped Bridge Railing --
Figure 7-6. Texas Type TT Railing --
Figure 7-7. End Treatment for Traffic Railing on a Bridge in Low-Speed Situations --
Figure 7-8. Terminating a Traffic Barrier on Bridge with End Terminal --
Figure 7-9. Iowa Concrete Block Retrofit Bridge Railing --
Figure 7-10. Delaware Thrie-Beam Retrofit --
Figure 7-11. Metal Post-and-Beam Retrofit --
Figure 7-12. Thrie-Beam Transition to Modified Concrete Safety Shape --
CHAPTER 8 --
Figure 8-1. Trailing End W-Beam Guardrail Anchorage --
Figure 8-2, Grading for Flared Guardrail Terminal --
Figure 8-3. Grading for Tangent Guardrail Terminal --
Figure 8-4. Three-Strand Cable Terminal --
Figure 8-5. CASSTM Cable Terminal (CCT) --
Figure 8-6. W-Beam Guardrail Anchored in Backslope --
Figure 8-7. Eccentric Loader Terminal (ELT) --
Figure 8-8. Modified Eccentric Loader Terminal (MELT) --
Figure 8-9. Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal (FLEATT") --
Figure 8-10. Slotted Rail Terminal (SRT-350TH) --
Figure 8-11. X-Tension Guardrail End Terminal --
Figure 8-12. Extruder Terminal (ET-PlusT") --
Figure 8-13. Sequential Kinking Terminal (SKT-350) --
Figure 8-14. Brakemaster® 350 --
Figure 8-15. Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal (CAT-350) --
Figure 8-16. FLEAT Median Terminal (FLEAT-MTT") --
Figure 8-17, X-TensionT" Median Attenuator System (X-MAS) --
Figure 8-18. Wyoming Box-Beam End Terminal (WY-BETT") --
Figure 8-19. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (BEAT') --
Figure 8-20. Bullnose Guardrail System --
Figure 8-21. ABSORB 350' Crash Cushion --
Figure 8-22. Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module (ADIEM'') --
Figure 8-23. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Single Sided Crash Cushion (BEAT-SSCC) System --
Figure 8-24. Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal-Bridge Pier (BEAT-BP') system --
Figure 8-25. QuadTrend® 350 --
Figure 8-26. Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (NCAIS) --
Figure 8-27. QuadGuard® Crash Cushion --
Figure 8-28. TAU-II Crash Cushion --
Figure 8-29. Trinity Attenuating Crash Cushion (TRACC") --
Figure 8-30. QUEST® Crash Cushion --
Figure 8-31. Compressor Attenuator --
Figure 8-32. EASI-CELL Cluster® --
Figure 8-33. Hybrid Energy Absorbing Reusable Terminal (HEART') --
Figure 8-34. QuadGuard Elite --
Figure 8-35. QuadGuard Low-Maintenance Cartridge (LMC) --
Figure 8-36. Reusable Energy-Absorbing Crash Terminal (REACT 350) --
Figure 8-37. Smart Cushion Innovations (SCI-100GM) Crash Cushion --
Figure 8-38. Conservation of Momentum Principle --
Figure 8-39. The Fitch Universal Barrel® --
Figure 8-40. Suggested Layout for the Last Three Exterior Modules in an Inertial Barrier --
Figure 8-41. Sand Barrel Array for Reverse-Direction Impacts -
Figure 8-42. Sand Barrel Array Oriented Towards Approaching Traffic --
Figure 8-43. Sloped Concrete End Treatment --
Figure 8-44. Barrier Anchored in Backslope --
Figure 8-45. Dragnet --
Figure 8-46. Ground Retractable Automotive Barrier (GRAB-300€) --
Figure 8-47. STOPGATE® --
CHAPTER 9 --
Figure 9-1. Iowa Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-2. Rockingham Precast Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-3. J-J Hooks Portable Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-4. Modified Virginia DOT Portable Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-5. California K-Rail Portable Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-6. GPLINK® Pre-Cast Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-7. Georgia Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-8. Idaho 6.1-m [20-ft] New Jersey Portable Barrier --
Figure 9-9. Oregon Pin-and-Loop Barrier --
Figure 9-10. Ohio DOT 3-m f10-ftj Long New Jersey Profile Temporary Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-11. New York DOT Portable Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-12. Iowa DOT Tie-Down Steel H-Section Temporary Barrier --
Figure 9-13. Quick-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier --
Figure 9-14. Texas X-Bolt F-Shaped Concrete Safety Barrier --
Figure 9-15. Texas SSCB --
Figure 9-16. TxDOT New Jersey-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier Pinned-with-Stakes Design --
Figure 9-17. Pinned F-Shaped Temporary Barrier --
Figure 9-18. Quickchange Barrier System --
Figure 9-19. Low-Profile Barrier System --
Figure 9-20. Water-Filled Barrier --
Figure 9-21. Steel Barrier --
Figure 9-22. Slope-End Treatment for Low-Profile Portable Concrete Barrier --
Figure 9-23. Portable Concrete Barrier Steel Plate Transition --
Figure 9-24. F-Shaped Portable Concrete Barrier to Low-Profile Barrier Transition --
Figure 9-25. QuadGuard CZ System --
Figure 9-26. REACT® 350 CZ System --
Figure 9-27. TMA with Energy-Absorbing Cartridge --
Figure 9-28. TMA with Telescoping Steel Frame and Cutter Assembly --
Figure 9-29. TMA with Steel Frame and Burster or Kinker Assembly --
Figure 9-30. TMA with Steel or Polyethylene Cylinder Assembly --
Figure 9-31. Mobile Barrier Trailer --
Figure 9-32. Traffic Cone --
Figure 9-33. Portable Vertical Panel --
Figure 9-34. Plastic Drums --
Figure 9-35. Crashworthy Generic Type II Barricade --
Figure 9-36. Crashworthy Generic Type Ill Barricade --
Figure 9-37. Longitudinal Channelizing Device --
Figure 9-38. Montana Wheeled Portable Sign Support --
Figure 9-39. X-Base Sign Support --
CHAPTER 10 --
Figure 10-1. Lateral Offset for Objects at Horizontal Curves on Curbed Facilities --
Figure 10-2. Enhanced Lateral Offsets at Merge Points --
Figure 10-3. Enhanced Lateral Offsets at Driveways --
Figure 10-4. Landscape and Rigid Object Placement for Buffer Strip --
Figure 10-5. Landscape and Rigid Object Placement for Buffer Strip Widths --
Figure 10-6. A Transit Shelter Located Curbside --
CHAPTER 11 --
Figure 11-1. Typical Single Mailbox installations --
Figure 11-2. Examples of Hazardous Single Mailbox Installations --
Figure 11-3. Examples of Hazardous Multiple Mailbox Installations --
Figure 11-4. Suggested Minimum Clearance Distance to Nearest Mailbox for Mail Stops at Intersections --
Figure 11-5. Mailbox Turnout --
Figure 11-6. Mailbox Support Hardware, Series A --
Figure 11-7. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series A --
Figure 11-8. Mailbox Support Hardware, Series B --
Figure 11-9. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series B --
Figure 11-10. Single and Double Mailbox Assemblies, Series C --
Figure 11-11. Collection Unit on Auxiliary Lane (left) and Neighborhood Delivery and Collection Box Units --
Figure 11-12. Plastic Mailbox with Integral Support --
Figure 11-13. Vandal-Resistant Decorative mailbox --
Figure 11-14. Secure Mailboxes --
Figure 11-15. Cantilever Mailbox Supports --
Figure 11-16. Breakaway Cantilever/Swing-Away Mailbox Support --
CHAPTER 12 --
Figure 12-1. Single Vehicle Roadway Departure Fatalities on Two Lanes, Undivided, Noninterchange, Nonconjunction Roads by Roadway Classification in 2009 --
Figure 12-2. Distribution of Single-Vehicle ROR Crashes between Tangent and Curved Sections --
Figure 12-3. Reinforcing Steel Grate --
Figure 12-4. Typical Low-Volume Rural Roadway --
Figure 12-5. Typical Low-Volume Rural Bridge.

List of Tables --
CHAPTER 3 --
Table 3-1. Suggested Clear-Zone Distances in Meters (Feet) from Edge of Through Traveled Lane --
Table 3-2. Horizontal Curve Adjustment Factor --
CHAPTER 4 --
Table 4-1. Objectives and Strategies for Reducing Utility Pole Crashes --
Table 4-2. Objectives and Strategies for Reducing Crashes with Trees --
CHAPTER 5 --
Table 5-1(a). MASH Crash Test Matrix for Longitudinal Barriers --
Table 5-1(b), NCHRP Report 350 Crash Test Matrix for Longitudinal Barriers --
Table 5-2. Barrier Guidelines for Non-Traversable Terrain and Roadside Obstacles --
Table 5-3. Roadside Barriers and NCHRP Report 350 Approved Test Levels --
Table 5-4. MGS Design Applications with Pickup Truck Impact Performance --
Table 5-5. Selection Criteria for Roadside Barriers --
Table 5-6. Summary of Maximum Deflections --
Table 5-7. Suggested Shy-Line Offset (Ls) Values --
Table 5-8(a). Example Bumper Trajectory Data (Metric Units) --
Table 5-8(b). Example Bumper Trajectory Data (U.S. Customary Units) --
Table 5-9. Suggested Flare Rates for Barrier Design --
Table 5-10(a). Suggested Runout Lengths for Barrier Design (Metric Units) --
Table 5-10(b). Suggested Runout Lengths for Barrier Design (U.S. Customary Units) --
CHAPTER 6 --
Table 6-1. Crashworthy Median Barrier Systems --
CHAPTER 7 --
Table 7-1. MASH Test Matrix for Bridge Railings --
CHAPTER 8 --
Table 8-1. Terminals for Cable Barrier Systems --
Table 8-2. Terminals for W-Beam Guardrail Systems --
Table 8-3. Terminals for Median W-Beam Guardrail Systems --
Table 8-4. Terminals for Box-Beam Guardrail Systems --
Table 8-5. Sacrificial Crash Cushions --
Table 8-6. Reusable Crash Cushions --
Table 8-7. Low-Maintenance and/or Self-Restoring Crash Cushions --
Table 8-8. Sand Barrel Systems --
Table 8-9. Sample Design Calculation for a Sand-Filled Barrel System --
Table 8-10. Miscellaneous Crash Cushions and End Treatments --
Table 8-11. Area Available for Crash Cushion Installation --
Table 8-12. Comparative Maintenance Characteristics --
CHAPTER 9 --
Table 9-1. Example --
Table 9-2. Temporary Longitudinal Barriers --
Table 9-3. Crashworthy Portable Concrete Barriers --
Table 9-4. Suggested Priorities for Application of Protective Vehicles and Truck-Mounted Attenuators --
Table 9-5. Example of Guidelines for Spacing of Shadows Vehicle --
CHAPTER 10 --
Table 10-1. Design Strategies for Curb Treatment --
Table 10-2. Design Strategies for Channelized Islands and Medians --
Table 10-3. Design Strategies for Gateways --
Table 10-4. Design Strategies for Roadside Grading --
Table 10-5. Design Strategies to Protect Pedestrians in Motor Vehicle Crashes --
Table 10-6. Design Strategies for Bicycles --
Table 10-7. Design Strategies for On-Street Parking --
Table 10-8. Design Strategies for Urban Mailbox Use --
Table 10-9. Design Strategies for Street Furniture Use --
Table 10-10. Design Strategies for Vertical Roadside Treatment and Hardware --
CHAPTER 11 --
Table 11-1. Suggested Guidelines for Lateral Placement of Mailboxes.

"The Roadside Design Guide presents a synthesis of current information and operating practices related to roadside safety and is written in dual units-metric and U.S. Customary. This book is a guide. It is not a standard, nor is it a design policy. It is intended to use as a resource document from which individual highway agencies can develop standards and policies. Although much of the material in the guide can be considered universal in its application, several recommendations are subjective in nature and may need modification to fit local conditions. However, it is important that significant deviations from the guide be based on operational experience and objective analysis. The 2011 edition of the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide has been updated to include hardware that has met the evaluation criteria contained in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features and begins to detail the most current evaluation criteria contained under the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, 2009 (MASH). For the most part, roadside hardware tested and accepted under older guidelines that are no longer applicable has not been excluded in this edition." -- AASHTO website.

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