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The first three papers are by authorities on the writings of Williams, and each makes a distinct contribution to the mounting body of research on and interpretation of his works. The fourth paper is a portrait from memory by an eminent poet and critic.

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Born in Pittsburgh, Burke was educated at Ohio State and Columbia universities. During his early career, he became involved with a number of little magazines, including Broom and Secession. He also wrote for The Dial and The Nation as a music critic. His greatest fame, however, has been as a literary critic.

Omnivorously eclectic, Burke has found in the analysis of human symbolic activities a key to the largest cultural issues. For Burke, literature is the most prominent and sophisticated form of "symbolic action," one that provides "equipment for living" by allowing us to try out hypothetical strategies for dealing with the endless variety of human situations and experiences. Human society demands some principle of order, but the language and reason that create order can fall into rigid abstractions that can be destructive and violently imposed. Literature shows us an image of sacrifice, forgiveness, and flexibility that plays an important role in keeping society functioning flexibly.

Burke's writing is extensive, complex and wide ranging, but also unique and uniquely important among current critical approaches.

(Bowker Author Biography)