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"...It is a great textbook for undergrads who are being exposed to statistics in the field for the first time and for Master's students who need a better grasp of the fundamentals of statistics before taking more advanced courses..."--Calli M. Cain, University of Nebraska at Omaha"A must-have textbook for Instructors and students alike in the fields of Criminology and Criminal Justice. The book is user-friendly."--Bonny Mhlanga, Western Illinois UniversityAn Introduction to Statistics in Criminology and Criminal JusticeStatistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Third Editiondemonstrates how statistics is relevant to a student's life and future career by illustrating the logical connections between basic statistical concepts and their real-world implications in criminology and criminal justice. Written for students with a limited mathematical background, author Jacinta Gau eases student anxiety around statistics by simplifying the overarching goal of each statistical technique and providing step-by-step instructions for working through the formulas and numbers. Students use real data from the field to build a foundational knowledge of statistics, rather than merely memorizing key terms or formulas. New to the Third Edition

NEW Thinking Critically featureencourages students to apply the concepts from the chapter to real-life scenarios, with open-ended questions that are designed to inspire students to think about the nuances of science, statistics, and their application to criminal justice. Additional illustrations and examplesin every chapter keep students engaged with the content and offer ample opportunities for them to practice the techniques. New and updated data sets from a wide range of relevant sources,such as the NCVS and UCR, BJS, LEMAS, the Census of Jails, and much more have been incorporated to give students insights into the state of criminal justice research today. New research on critical topics encourages students to discuss changes happening in the field such as the Census of Jails, inmate-on-staff assaults in prisons, and homicide rates. Practicing Statistics Whiteboard Videos, available in SAGE edge, walk students through statistical calculations to reinforce key concepts. Previous edition errors have been corrected by a statistician.

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SAGE edgeoffers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of free tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students on the cutting edge of teaching and learning.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface to the Third Edition(p. xv)
• Acknowledgments(p. xix)
• About the Author(p. xxi)
• Part1 Descriptive Statistics(p. 1)
• Chapter 1 Introduction to the Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and Criminology(p. 3)
• Research Example 1.1 What Do Criminal Justice and Criminology Researchers Study?(p. 4)
• Data Sources 1.1 The Uniform Crime Reports(p. 7)
• Data Sources 1.2 The National Crime Victimization Survey(p. 8)
• Science: Basic Terms and Concepts(p. 8)
• Types of Scientific Research in Criminal Justice and Criminology(p. 10)
• Software Packages for Statistical Analysis(p. 11)
• Organization of the Book(p. 12)
• Review Problems(p. 13)
• Chapter 2 Types of Variables and Levels of Measurement(p. 15)
• Units of Analysis(p. 15)
• Independent Variables and Dependent Variables(p. 15)
• Research Example 2.1 Choosing Variables for a Study on Police Use of Conduciive Energy Devices(p. 16)
• Research Example 2.2 Units of Analysis(p. 16)
• Relationships Between Variables: A Cautionary Note(p. 19)
• Research Example 2.3 The Problem of Omitted Variables(p. 20)
• Levels of Measurement(p. 21)
• The Categorical Level of Measurement: Nominal and Ordinal Variables(p. 21)
• Data Sources 2.1 The Police-Public Contact Survey(p. 22)
• Data Sources 2.2 The General Social Survey(p. 25)
• The Continuous Level of Measurement: Interval and Ratio Variables(p. 26)
• Data Sources 2.3 The Bureau of Justice Statistics(p. 30)
• Chapter Summary(p. 31)
• Review Problems(p. 32)
• Chapter 3 Organizing, Displaying, and Presenting Data(p. 37)
• Data Distributions(p. 37)
• Univariate Displays; Frequencies, Proportions, and Percentages(p. 37)
• Univariate Displays; Rates(p. 41)
• Bivariate Displays; Contingency Tables(p. 43)
• Data Sources 3.3 The Census of Jails(p. 43)
• Research Example 3.1 Does Sexual-Assault Victimization Differ Between Female and Male Jail inmates? Do Victim Impact Statements Influence Jurors' Likelihood of Sentencing Murder Defendants to Death?(p. 45)
• Graphs and Charts(p. 47)
• Categorical Variables: Pie Charts(p. 47)
• Data Sources 3.2 The Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics Survey(p. 48)
• Categorical Variables: Bar Graphs(p. 49)
• Continuous Variables; Histograms(p. 50)
• Research Example 3.2 Are Women's Violent-Crime Commission Rates Rising?(p. 52)
• Continuous Variables; Frequency Polygons(p. 54)
• Longitudinal Variables: Line Charts(p. 56)
• Grouped Data(p. 57)
• Data Sources 3.3 CQ Press's State Factfinder Series(p. 57)
• SPSS(p. 63)
• Chapter Summary(p. 69)
• Review Problems(p. 70)
• Chapter 4 Measures of Central Tendency(p. 75)
• The Mode(p. 78)
• Research Example 4.1 Are People Convicted of Homicide More Violent in Prison Than People Convicted of Other Types of Offenses? Do Latino Drug Traffickers' National Origin and immigration Status Affect the Sentences They Receive?(p. 81)
• The Median(p. 83)
• The Mean(p. 88)
• Research Example 4.2 How Do Offenders' Criminal Trajectories Impact the Effectiveness or Incarceration? Can Good Parenting Practices Reduce the Criminogenic Impact of Youths' Time Spent in Unstructured Activities?(p. 92)
• Using the Mean and Median to Determine Distribution Shape(p. 96)
• Deviation Scores and the Mean as the Midpoint of the Magnitudes(p. 97)
• SPSS(p. 99)
• Chapter Summary(p. 102)
• Review Problems(p. 103)
• Chapter 5 Measures of Dispersion(p. 107)
• The Variation Ratio(p. 109)
• The Range(p. 112)
• The Variance(p. 113)
• The Standard Deviation(p. 118)
• The Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve(p. 121)
• Research Example 5.1 Does the South Have a Culture of Honor That Increases Gun Violence? Do Neighborhoods With Higher immigrant Concentrations Experience More Crime?(p. 121)
• Research Example 5.2 Why Does Punishment Often Increase-Rather Than Reduce-Criminal Offending?(p. 125)
• SPSS(p. 126)
• Chapter Summary(p. 127)
• Review Problems(p. 128)
• Part II Probability and Distributions(p. 133)
• Chapter 6 Probability(p. 135)
• Discrete Probability: The Binomial Probability Distribution(p. 140)
• Research Example 6.1 Are Police Officers Less Likely to Arrest an Assault Suspect When the Suspect and the Alleged Victim Are Intimate Partners?(p. 141)
• Successes and Sample Size: N and r(p. 142)
• The Number of Ways r Can Occur, Given N: The Combination(p. 142)
• The Probability of Success and the Probability of Failure: p and q(p. 144)
• Putting It All Together: Using the Binomial Coefficient to Construct the Binomial Probability Distribution(p. 145)
• Continuous Probability; The Standard Normal Curve(p. 148)
• Research Example 6.2 What Predicts Correctional Officers' Job Stress and Job Satisfaction?(p. 149)
• The z Table and Area Under the Standard Normal Curve(p. 153)
• Chapter Summary(p. 158)
• Review Problems(p. 159)
• Chapter 7 Population, Sample, and Sampling Distributions(p. 163)
• Empirical Distributions: Population and Sample Distributions 163
• Theoretical Distributions: Sampling Distributions(p. 169)
• Sample Size and the Sampling Distribution: The z and t Distributions(p. 172)
• Chapter Summary(p. 174)
• Review Problems(p. 175)
• Chapter 8 Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals(p. 177)
• The Level of Confidence; The Probability of Being Correct.(p. 178)
• Confidence Intervals for Means With Large Samples(p. 179)
• Confidence Intervals for Means With Small Samples(p. 185)
• Research Example 8.1 Do Criminal Trials Retraumatize Victims of Violent Crimes?(p. 186)
• Data Sources 8.1 The Firearm Injury Surveillance Study, 1993-2013(p. 188)
• Confidence Intervals With Proportions and Percentages(p. 191)
• Research Example 8.2 What Factors influence Repeat Offenders' Completion of a "Driving Under the Influence" Court Program? How Extensively Do News Media Stories Distort Public Perceptions About Racial Minorities' Criminal Involvement?(p. 191)
• Research Example 8.3 Is There a Relationship Between Unintended Pregnancy and intimate Partner Violence?(p. 195)
• Why Do Suspects Confess to Police?(p. 196)
• Chapter Summary(p. 199)
• Review Problems(p. 199)
• PartIII Hypothesis Testing.(p. 203)
• Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing: A Conceptual Introduction(p. 207)
• Sample Statistics and Population Parameters: Sampling Error or True Difference?(p. 208)
• Null and Alternative Hypotheses(p. 210)
• Chapter Summary(p. 216)
• Review Problems(p. 217)
• Chapter 10 Hypothesis Testing With Two Categorical Variables: Chi-Square(p. 219)
• Research Example 10.1 How Do Criminologists' and Criminal justice Researchers' Attitudes About the Criminal justice System Compare to the Public's Attitudes?(p. 220)
• Conceptual Basis of the Chi-Square Test: Statistical Dependence and Independence(p. 219)
• The Chi-Square Test of Independence(p. 221)
• Research Example 10.2 Do Victim or Offender Race Influence the Probability That a Homicide Will Be Cleared and That a Case Will Be Tried as Death-Eligible?(p. 228)
• Measures of Association(p. 234)
• SPSS(p. 237)
• Chapter Summary(p. 240)
• Review Problems(p. 241)
• Chapter 11 Hypothesis Testing With Two Population Means or Proportions(p. 247)
• Research Example 11.1 Do Multiple Homicide Offenders Specialize in Killing?(p. 248)
• Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Means: t. Tests(p. 248)
• Independent-Samples t Tests(p. 252)
• Data Sources 11.1 Juvenile Defendants in Criminal Courts(p. 252)
• Dependent-Samples t Tests(p. 260)
• Research Example 11.2 Do Mentally III Offenders' Crimes Cost More?(p. 260)
• Research Example 11.3 Do Targeted Interventions Reduce Crime?(p. 264)
• Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Proportions(p. 265)
• Research Example 11.4 Does the Gender Gap in Offending Rates Differ Between Male and Female Drug Abusers?(p. 265)
• SPSS(p. 270)
• Chapter Summary(p. 273)
• Review Problems(p. 274)
• Chapter 12 Hypothesis Testing With Three or More Population Means: Analysis of Variance(p. 281)
• ANOVA: Different Types of Variances(p. 282)
• Research Example 12.1 Do Asian Defendants Benefit From a "Model Minority" Stereotype?(p. 285)
• Research Example 12.2 Are Juveniles Who Are Transferred to Adult Courts Seen as More Threatening?(p. 294)
• When the Null Is Rejected: A Measure of Association and Post Hoc Tests(p. 297)
• Research Example 12.3 Does Crime Vary Spatially and Temporally in Accordance With Routine Activities Theory?(p. 299)
• SPSS(p. 299)
• Chapter Summary(p. 303)
• Review Problems(p. 303)
• Chapter 13 Hypothesis Testing With Two Continuous Variables: Correlation(p. 311)
• Research Example 13.1 Part 1: Is Perceived Risk of internet Fraud Victimization Related to Online Purchases?(p. 315)
• Research Example 13.2 Do Prisoners' Criminal Thinking Patterns Predict Misconduct.? Do Good Recruits Make Good Cops?(p. 321)
• Beyond Statistical Significance; Sign, Magnitude, and Coefficient of Determination(p. 325)
• SPSS(p. 326)
• Research Example 13.1 Continued: Part 2. Is Perceived Risk of internet Fraud Victimization Related to Online Purchases?(p. 327)
• Chapter Summary(p. 329)
• Review Problems(p. 330)
• Chapter 14 Introduction to Regression Analysis(p. 335)
• One Independent Variable and One Dependent Variable: Bivariate Regression(p. 335)
• Inferential Regression Analysis: Testing for the Significance of b(p. 340)
• Beyond Statistical Significance; How Well Does the Independent Variable Perform as a Predictor of the Dependent Variable?(p. 344)
• Standardized Slope Coefficients: Beta Weights(p. 345)
• The Quality of Prediction: The Coefficient of Determination(p. 346)
• Adding More Independent Variables: Multiple Regression(p. 346)
• Research Example 14.1 Does Childhood Intelligence Predict the Emergence of Self-Control?(p. 348)
• Ordinary Least Squares Regression in SPSS(p. 349)
• Research Example 14.2 Does Having a Close Black Friend Reduce Whites' Concerns About Crime?(p. 352)
• Research Example 14.3 Do Multiple Homicide Offenders Specialize in Killing?(p. 356)
• Alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares Regression(p. 356)
• Research Example 14.4 Is Police Academy Performance a Predictor of Effectiveness on the Job?(p. 358)
• Chapter Summary(p. 359)
• Review Problems(p. 360)
• Appendix A Review of Basic Mathematical Techniques(p. 367)
• Appendix B Standard Normal (z) Distribution(p. 371)
• Appendix C Distribution(p. 373)
• Appendix D Chi-Square (¿2) Distribution(p. 375)
• Appendix E F Distribution(p. 377)
• Glossary(p. 381)
• Answers to Learning Checks(p. 387)
• Answers to Review Problems(p. 395)
• References(p. 421)
• Index(p. 425)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Jacinta M. Gau, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Central Florida. She received her doctorate from Washington State University in 2008. Her primary areas of research are policing and criminal justice policy, and she has a strong quantitative background. Dr. Gau's work has appeared in journals such as Justice Quarterly , British Journal of Criminology , Criminal Justice and Behavior, Crime & Delinquency, Criminology & Public Policy , Police Quarterly , Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management , and the Journal of Criminal Justice Education . In addition to Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice , she is author of Criminal Justice Policy: Origins and Effectiveness (Oxford University Press) and co-author of Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice (SAGE Publications). Additionally, she co-edits Race and Justice: An International Journal , published by SAGE.