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CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS, CONCISE EDITION, 1E uses everyday life experiences to teach the basics of informal logic. By taking out the non-essential instruction, this edition hones in on the "argument construction" involved in day-to-day life, and how to do it better. Plus, to round out the discussion, CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS, CONCISE EDITION, 1E includes a three-chapter overview of formal logic as well.

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• Preface(p. xv)
• Part I How to Analyze Arguments(p. 1)
• Chapter 1 Uses of Arguments(p. 3)
• What Arguments Are(p. 3)
• Justifications(p. 4)
• Explanations(p. 7)
• Combinations: An Example(p. 10)
• Chapter 2 The Web of Language(p. 17)
• Language and Convention(p. 17)
• Linguistic Acts(p. 19)
• Speech Acts(p. 22)
• Performatives(p. 23)
• Kinds of Speech Acts(p. 26)
• Conversational Acts(p. 28)
• Conversational Rules(p. 31)
• Conversational Implication(p. 33)
• Rhetorical Devices(p. 36)
• Summary(p. 38)
• Chapter 3 The Language of Argument(p. 41)
• Argument Markers(p. 41)
• If ..., then ...(p. 43)
• Arguments in Standard Form(p. 45)
• A Problem and Some Solutions(p. 47)
• Assuring(p. 48)
• Guarding(p. 49)
• Discounting(p. 51)
• Evaluative Language(p. 54)
• Chapter 4 The Art of Close Analysis(p. 59)
• An Extended Example(p. 59)
• Clerk Hire Allowance, House of Representatives(p. 59)
• Chapter 5 Deep Analysis(p. 79)
• Getting Down to Basics(p. 79)
• Clarifying Crucial Terms S3
• Dissecting the Argument(p. 83)
• Arranging Subarguments(p. 85)
• Some Standards for Evaluating Arguments(p. 90)
• Validity(p. 91)
• Truth(p. 93)
• Soundness(p. 94)
• Suppressed Premises(p. 96)
• Contingent Facts(p. 97)
• Linguistic Principles(p. 99)
• Evaluative Suppressed Premises(p. 100)
• Uses and Abuses of Suppressed Premises(p. 100)
• The Method of Reconstruction(p. 102)
• An Example of Reconstruction: Capital Punishment(p. 105)
• Part II How to Evaluate Arguments: Deductive Standards(p. 111)
• Chapter 6 Propositional Logic(p. 113)
• The Formal Analysis of Arguments(p. 113)
• Basic Propositional Connectives(p. 114)
• Conjunction(p. 114)
• Disjunction(p. 122)
• Negation(p. 122)
• Process of Elimination(p. 125)
• How Truth-Functional Connectives Work(p. 126)
• Testing for Validity(p. 128)
• Some Further Connectives(p. 132)
• Conditionals(p. 134)
• Truth Tables for Conditionals(p. 136)
• Logical Language and Everyday Language(p. 142)
• Other Conditionals in Ordinary Language(p. 145)
• Chapter 7 Categorical Logic(p. 151)
• Beyond Propositional Logic(p. 151)
• Categorical Propositions(p. 152)
• The Four Basic Categorical Forms(p. 154)
• Translation into the Basic Categorical Forms(p. 156)
• Contradictories(p. 159)
• Existential Commitment(p. 161)
• Validity for Categorical Arguments(p. 162)
• Categorical Immediate Inferences(p. 164)
• The Theory of the Syllogism(p. 166)
• Part III How to Evaluate Arguments: Inductive Standards(p. 177)
• Chapter 8 Arguments to and From Generalizations(p. 179)
• Induction versus Deduction(p. 179)
• Statistical Generalizations(p. 183)
• Should We Accept the Premises?(p. 184)
• Is the Sample Large Enough?(p. 185)
• Is the Sample Biased?(p. 186)
• Is the Sampling Procedure Biased?(p. 187)
• Statistical Applications(p. 189)
• Chapter 9 Inference to the Best Explanation and From Analogy(p. 195)
• Inferences to the Best Explanation(p. 195)
• Which Explanation Is Best?(p. 198)
• Context Is Crucial(p. 200)
• Arguments from Analogy(p. 204)
• Are Analogies Explanations?(p. 207)
• Chapter 10 Causal Reasoning(p. 215)
• Reasoning About Causes(p. 215)
• Sufficient Conditions and Necessary Conditions(p. 217)
• The Sufficient Condition Test(p. 220)
• The Necessary Condition Test(p. 221)
• The Joint Test(p. 222)
• Rigorous Testing(p. 225)
• Reaching Positive Conclusions(p. 226)
• Applying These Methods to Find Causes(p. 228)
• Normality(p. 228)
• Background Assumptions(p. 229)
• A Detailed Example(p. 230)
• Concomitant Variation(p. 234)
• Chapter 11 Chances(p. 239)
• Some Fallacies of Probability(p. 239)
• The Gambler's Fallacy(p. 239)
• Heuristics(p. 241)
• The Language of Probability(p. 243)
• A Priori Probability(p. 244)
• Some Rules of Probability(p. 246)
• Probabilities of Negations(p. 246)
• Probabilities of Conjunctions(p. 247)
• Probabilities of Disjunctions(p. 248)
• Probabilities in a Series(p. 249)
• Permutations and Combinations(p. 250)
• Bayes's Theorem(p. 253)
• Chapter 12 Choices(p. 263)
• Expected Monetary Value(p. 263)
• Expected Overall Value(p. 266)
• Decisions Under Ignorance(p. 268)
• Part IV Fallacies(p. 273)
• Chapter 13 Fallacies of Vagueness(p. 275)
• Uses of Unclarity(p. 275)
• Vagueness(p. 276)
• Heaps(p. 278)
• Slippery Slopes(p. 280)
• Conceptual Slippery-Slope Arguments(p. 280)
• Fairness Slippery-Slope Arguments(p. 282)
• Causal Slippery-Slope Arguments(p. 285)
• Chapter 14 Fallacies of Ambiguity(p. 291)
• Ambiguity(p. 291)
• Equivocation(p. 295)
• Definitions(p. 299)
• Chapter 15 Fallacies of Relevance(p. 307)
• Relevance(p. 307)
• Ad Hominem Arguments(p. 308)
• Inconsistency(p. 311)
• Genetic Fallacies(p. 311)
• Appeals to Authority(p. 314)
• More Fallacies of Relevance(p. 318)
• Appeals to Popular Opinion(p. 318)
• Appeals to Emotion(p. 319)
• Chapter 16 Fallacies of Vacuity(p. 323)
• Circularity(p. 323)
• Begging the Question(p. 324)
• Self-Sealers(p. 328)
• Chapter 17 Refutation(p. 333)
• What Is Refutation?(p. 333)
• Counterexamples(p. 334)
• Reductio Ad Absurdum(p. 337)
• Straw Men and False Dichotomies(p. 341)
• Refutation by Parallel Reasoning(p. 343)
• Index(p. 351)