Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xii)
• Part 1 Globalization(p. 2)
• Chapter 1 Globalization(p. 2)
• Opening Case: Planet Starbucks(p. 2)
• Introduction(p. 4)
• What is Globalization?(p. 7)
• The Globalization of Markets(p. 7)
• The Globalization of Production(p. 8)
• The Emergence of Global Institutions(p. 9)
• Drivers of Globalization(p. 11)
• Declining Trade and Investment Barriers(p. 11)
• The Role of Technological Change(p. 14)
• The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy(p. 18)
• The Changing World Output and World Trade Picture(p. 18)
• The Changing Foreign Direct Investment Picture(p. 20)
• The Changing Nature of the Multinational Enterprise(p. 22)
• The Changing World Order(p. 23)
• The Global Economy of the 21st Century(p. 25)
• The Globalization Debate(p. 26)
• Antiglobalization Protests(p. 26)
• Globalization, Jobs, and Income(p. 28)
• Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment(p. 30)
• Globalization and National Sovereignty(p. 32)
• Globalization and the World's Poor(p. 34)
• Managing in the Global Marketplace(p. 35)
• Key Terms(p. 37)
• Summary(p. 37)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 38)
• Research Task(p. 38)
• Closing Case: Ecuadorean Valentine Roses(p. 39)
• Closing Case: Who's Reading Your X-Ray?(p. 40)
• Sustainability in Practice: Adidas-Solomon: Supply-Chain Management(p. 42)
• Part 2 Country Differences(p. 44)
• Chapter 2 National Differences in Political Economy(p. 44)
• Opening Case: The Poorest Continent(p. 44)
• Introduction(p. 46)
• Political Systems(p. 48)
• Collectivism and Individualism(p. 48)
• Democracy and Totalitarianism(p. 51)
• Economic Systems(p. 53)
• Market Economy(p. 53)
• Command Economy(p. 54)
• Mixed Economy(p. 54)
• Legal Systems(p. 55)
• Different Legal Systems(p. 55)
• Differences in Contract Law(p. 56)
• Property Rights(p. 57)
• The Protection of Intellectual Property(p. 59)
• Product Safety and Product Liability(p. 63)
• The Determinants of Economic Development(p. 63)
• Differences in Economic Development(p. 63)
• Broader Conceptions of Development: Amartya Sen(p. 67)
• Political Economy and Economic Progress(p. 70)
• Geography, Education, and Economic Development(p. 72)
• States in Transition(p. 73)
• The Spread of Democracy(p. 73)
• The New World Order and Global Terrorism(p. 75)
• The Spread of Market-Based Systems(p. 77)
• The Nature of Economic Transformation(p. 78)
• Implications of Changing Political Economy(p. 82)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 83)
• Benefits(p. 83)
• Costs(p. 84)
• Risks(p. 84)
• Overall Attractiveness(p. 85)
• Key Terms(p. 86)
• Summary(p. 86)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 87)
• Research Task(p. 87)
• Closing Case: The Changing Political Economy of India(p. 88)
• Chapter 3 Differences in Culture(p. 90)
• Opening Case: Guanxi-Ties That Bind(p. 90)
• Introduction(p. 93)
• What is Culture?(p. 94)
• Values and Norms(p. 94)
• Culture, Society, and the Nation-State(p. 96)
• The Determinants of Culture(p. 96)
• Social Structure(p. 97)
• Individuals and Groups(p. 97)
• Social Stratification(p. 99)
• Religious and Ethical Systems(p. 102)
• Christianity(p. 104)
• Islam(p. 105)
• Hinduism(p. 107)
• Buddhism(p. 108)
• Confucianism(p. 110)
• Language(p. 111)
• Spoken Language(p. 111)
• Unspoken Language(p. 112)
• Education(p. 113)
• Culture and the Workplace(p. 114)
• Cultural Change(p. 116)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 121)
• Cross-Cultural Literacy(p. 121)
• Culture and Competitive Advantage(p. 122)
• Key Terms(p. 123)
• Summary(p. 124)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 124)
• Research Task(p. 125)
• Closing Case: McDonald's and Hindu Culture(p. 125)
• Chapter 4 Ethics in International Business(p. 128)
• Opening Case: Nike(p. 128)
• Introduction(p. 130)
• Ethical Issues in International Business(p. 131)
• Employment Practices(p. 132)
• Human Rights(p. 132)
• Environmental Pollution(p. 134)
• Corruption(p. 137)
• Moral Obligations(p. 139)
• Ethical Dilemmas(p. 140)
• The Roots of Unethical Behavior(p. 141)
• Philosophical Approaches to Ethics(p. 145)
• Straw Men(p. 146)
• Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics(p. 149)
• Rights Theories(p. 150)
• Justice Theories(p. 151)
• Ethical Decision Making(p. 152)
• Hiring and Promotion(p. 153)
• Organization Culture and Leadership(p. 153)
• Decision-Making Processes(p. 154)
• Ethics Officers(p. 156)
• Moral Courage(p. 157)
• Summary of Decision-Making Steps(p. 157)
• Key Terms(p. 158)
• Summary(p. 158)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 159)
• Research Task(p. 159)
• Closing Case: Etch-A-Sketch Ethics(p. 159)
• Sustainability in Practice: BC Hydro's Aboriginal Relations Program(p. 161)
• Part 3 Cross-Border Trade and Investment(p. 162)
• Chapter 5 International Trade Theory(p. 162)
• Opening Case: Hollowing Out the U.S. Knowledge-Based Economy(p. 162)
• Introduction(p. 164)
• An Overview of Trade Theory(p. 165)
• The Benefits of Trade(p. 166)
• The Pattern of International Trade(p. 166)
• Trade Theory and Government Policy(p. 167)
• Mercantilism(p. 169)
• Absolute Advantage(p. 170)
• Comparative Advantage(p. 172)
• The Gains from Trade(p. 173)
• Qualifications and Assumptions(p. 174)
• Simple Extensions of the Ricardian Model(p. 175)
• Heckscher-Ohlin Theory(p. 177)
• The Leontief Paradox(p. 178)
• The Product Life-Cycle Theory(p. 179)
• Evaluating the Product Life-Cycle Theory(p. 180)
• New Trade Theory(p. 182)
• Increasing Product Variety and Reducing Costs(p. 183)
• Economies of Scale, First-Mover Advantages, and the Pattern of Trade(p. 183)
• Implications of New Trade Theory(p. 184)
• National Competitive Advantage: Porter's Diamond(p. 186)
• Factor Endowments(p. 187)
• Demand Conditions(p. 187)
• Related and Supporting Industries(p. 187)
• Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry(p. 188)
• Evaluating Porter's Theory(p. 190)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 190)
• Location(p. 190)
• First-Mover Advantages(p. 191)
• Government Policy(p. 191)
• Key Terms(p. 192)
• Summary(p. 192)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 193)
• Research Task(p. 194)
• Closing Case: Logitech(p. 194)
• Chapter 6 The Political Economy of International Trade(p. 196)
• Opening Case: The Politics of Trade in Steel(p. 196)
• Introduction(p. 198)
• Instruments of Trade Policy(p. 200)
• Tariffs(p. 200)
• Subsidies(p. 201)
• Import Quotas and Voluntary Export Restraints(p. 203)
• Local Content Requirements(p. 205)
• Administrative Policies(p. 205)
• Antidumping Policies(p. 206)
• The Case for Government Intervention(p. 206)
• Political Arguments for Intervention(p. 206)
• Economic Arguments for Intervention(p. 211)
• The Revised Case for Free Trade(p. 213)
• Retaliation and Trade War(p. 213)
• Domestic Politics(p. 214)
• Development of the World Trading System(p. 214)
• From Smith to the Great Depression(p. 215)
• 1947-1979: GATT, Trade Liberalization, and Economic Growth(p. 215)
• 1980-1993: Protectionist Trends(p. 216)
• The Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization(p. 216)
• WTO: Experience to Date(p. 218)
• The Future of the WTO: Unresolved Issues and the Doha Round(p. 222)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 226)
• Trade Barriers and Firm Strategy(p. 226)
• Policy Implications(p. 227)
• Key Terms(p. 228)
• Summary(p. 228)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 230)
• Research Task(p. 230)
• Closing Case: Agricultural Subsidies Development(p. 230)
• Chapter 7 Foreign Direct Investment(p. 232)
• Opening Case: The Globalization of Toyota(p. 232)
• Introduction(p. 235)
• Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy(p. 236)
• Trends in FDI(p. 236)
• The Direction of FDI(p. 238)
• The Source of FDI(p. 241)
• The Form of FDI: Acquisitions versus Green-Field Investments(p. 242)
• Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy(p. 245)
• Why Foreign Direct Investment?(p. 245)
• The Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment(p. 247)
• The Eclectic Paradigm(p. 249)
• Political Ideology and Foreign Direct Investment(p. 250)
• The Radical View(p. 250)
• The Free Market View(p. 251)
• Pragmatic Nationalism(p. 252)
• Shifting Ideology(p. 253)
• Benefits and Costs of FDI(p. 253)
• Host-Country Benefits(p. 253)
• Host-Country Costs(p. 257)
• Home-Country Benefits(p. 258)
• Home-Country Costs(p. 259)
• International Trade Theory and FDI(p. 259)
• Government Policy Instruments and FDI(p. 260)
• Home-Country Policies(p. 260)
• Host-Country Policies(p. 261)
• International Institutions and the Liberalization of FDI(p. 262)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 263)
• The Theory of FDI(p. 263)
• Government Policy(p. 265)
• Key Terms(p. 265)
• Summary(p. 266)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 266)
• Research Task(p. 267)
• Closing Case: Ford and General Motors in Russia(p. 267)
• Chapter 8 Regional Economic Integration(p. 270)
• Opening Case: Drug Companies and the European Union(p. 270)
• Introduction(p. 272)
• Levels of Economic Integration(p. 274)
• The Case for Regional Integration(p. 276)
• The Economic Case for Integration(p. 276)
• The Political Case for Integration(p. 276)
• Impediments to Integration(p. 277)
• The Case against Regional Integration(p. 277)
• Regional Economic Integration in Europe(p. 279)
• Evolution of the European Union(p. 280)
• Political Structure of the European Union(p. 280)
• The Single European Act(p. 282)
• The Establishment of the Euro(p. 285)
• Enlargement of the European Union(p. 288)
• Regional Economic Integration in the Americas(p. 289)
• The North American Free Trade Agreement(p. 289)
• The Andean Community(p. 293)
• MERCOSUR(p. 294)
• Central American Common Market and CARICOM(p. 295)
• Free Trade Area of the Americas(p. 295)
• Regional Economic Integration Elsewhere(p. 296)
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations(p. 296)
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(p. 297)
• Regional Trade Blocs in Africa(p. 298)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 299)
• Opportunities(p. 299)
• Threats(p. 300)
• Key Terms(p. 301)
• Summary(p. 301)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 302)
• Research Task(p. 303)
• Closing Case: Increasing Competition in the European Automobile Market(p. 303)
• Sustainability in Practice: Foreign Investment for Sustainable Community Development: Multinationals Learning from the Grameen Example(p. 305)
• Part 4 Global Money System(p. 308)
• Chapter 9 The Foreign Exchange Market(p. 308)
• Opening Case: Volkswagen's Hedging Strategy(p. 308)
• Introduction(p. 310)
• The Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market(p. 311)
• Currency Conversion(p. 311)
• Insuring against Foreign Exchange Risk(p. 313)
• The Nature of the Foreign Exchange Market(p. 317)
• Economic Theories of Exchange Rate Determination(p. 319)
• Prices and Exchange Rates(p. 319)
• Interest Rates and Exchange Rates(p. 325)
• Investor Psychology and Bandwagon Effects(p. 326)
• Summary(p. 326)
• Exchange Rate Forecasting(p. 327)
• The Efficient Market School(p. 327)
• The Inefficient Market School(p. 327)
• Approaches to Forecasting(p. 328)
• Currency Convertibility(p. 330)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 332)
• Transaction Exposure(p. 332)
• Translation Exposure(p. 332)
• Economic Exposure(p. 332)
• Reducing Translation and Transaction Exposure(p. 333)
• Reducing Economic Exposure(p. 334)
• Other Steps for Managing Foreign Exchange Risk(p. 334)
• Key Terms(p. 335)
• Summary(p. 336)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 337)
• Research Task(p. 337)
• Closing Case: Hedging the Euro at Axis(p. 337)
• Chapter 10 The International Monetary System(p. 340)
• Opening Case: China's Exchange Rate Policy(p. 340)
• Introduction(p. 342)
• The Gold Standard(p. 344)
• Mechanics of the Gold Standard(p. 344)
• Strength of the Gold Standard(p. 344)
• The Period between the Wars: 1918-1939(p. 345)
• The Bretton Woods System(p. 346)
• The Role of the IMF(p. 347)
• The Role of the World Bank(p. 348)
• The Collapse of the Fixed Exchange Rate System(p. 348)
• The Floating Exchange Rate Regime(p. 350)
• The Jamaica Agreement(p. 350)
• Exchange Rates since 1973(p. 350)
• Fixed versus Floating Exchange Rates(p. 352)
• The Case for Floating Exchange Rates(p. 352)
• The Case for Fixed Exchange Rates(p. 353)
• Who Is Right?(p. 354)
• Exchange Rate Regimes in Practice(p. 355)
• Pegged Exchange Rates(p. 355)
• Currency Boards(p. 356)
• Crisis Management by the IMF(p. 357)
• Financial Crises in the Post-Bretton Woods Era(p. 357)
• Mexican Currency Crisis of 1995(p. 359)
• The Asian Crisis(p. 361)
• Evaluating the IMF's Policy Prescriptions(p. 365)
• Focus on Managerial Implications(p. 369)
• Currency Management(p. 369)
• Bustiness Strategy(p. 369)
• Corporate-Government Relations(p. 370)
• Key Terms(p. 371)
• Summary(p. 372)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 373)
• Closing Case: The Tragedy of the Congo (Zaire)(p. 373)
• Sustainability in Practice: A Tax on Currency Speculation to Finance Sustainable Development and Other Suggestions for a Sustainable Global Economy(p. 375)
• Part 5 Competing in a Global Marketplace(p. 376)
• Chapter 11 The Strategy of International Business(p. 376)
• Opening Case: Wal-Mart's Global Expansion(p. 376)
• Introduction(p. 379)
• Strategy and the Firm(p. 380)
• Value Creation(p. 380)
• Strategic Positioning(p. 382)
• Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain(p. 383)
• Organization: The Implementation of Strategy(p. 385)
• In Sum: Strategic Fit(p. 387)
• Profiting from Global Expansion(p. 388)
• Location Economies(p. 388)
• Experience Effects(p. 391)
• Leveraging Core Competencies(p. 393)
• Leveraging Subsidiary Skills(p. 394)
• Pressures for Cost Reductions and Local Responsiveness(p. 395)
• Pressures for Cost Reductions(p. 396)
• Pressures for Local Responsiveness(p. 397)
• Strategic Choices(p. 400)
• International Strategy(p. 400)
• Multidomestic Strategy(p. 401)
• Global Strategy(p. 402)
• Transnational Strategy(p. 403)
• Strategy Summary(p. 406)
• Strategic Alliances(p. 406)
• The Advantages of Strategic Alliances(p. 406)
• The Disadvantages of Strategic Alliances(p. 407)
• Making Alliances Work(p. 408)
• Key Terms(p. 411)
• Summary(p. 411)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 412)
• Research Task(p. 412)
• Closing Case: Global Strategy at MTV Networks(p. 413)
• Chapter 12 Entering Foreign Markets(p. 416)
• Opening Case: Diebold(p. 416)
• Introduction(p. 418)
• Basic Entry Decisions(p. 419)
• Which Foreign Markets?(p. 419)
• Timing of Entry(p. 420)
• Scale of Entry and Strategic Commitments(p. 421)
• Summary(p. 424)
• Entry Modes(p. 426)
• Exporting(p. 426)
• Turnkey Projects(p. 427)
• Licensing(p. 427)
• Franchising(p. 429)
• Joint Ventures(p. 432)
• Wholly Owned Subsidiaries(p. 433)
• Selecting an Entry Mode(p. 435)
• Core Competencies and Entry Mode(p. 436)
• Pressures for Cost Reductions and Entry Mode(p. 436)
• Green-Field Venture or Acquisition?(p. 437)
• Pros and Cons of Acquisitions(p. 437)
• Pros and Cons of Green-Field Ventures(p. 440)
• Green-Field or Acquisition?(p. 440)
• Key Terms(p. 441)
• Summary(p. 441)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 442)
• Research Task(p. 443)
• Closing Case: Merrill Lynch in Japan(p. 443)
• Chapter 13 Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade(p. 446)
• Opening Case: Exporting by Small U.S. Finns(p. 446)
• Introduction(p. 448)
• The Promise and Pitfalls of Exporting(p. 449)
• Improving Export Performance(p. 450)
• An International Comparison(p. 450)
• Information Sources(p. 450)
• Utilizing Export Management Companies(p. 452)
• Export Strategy(p. 452)
• Export and Import Financing(p. 453)
• Lack of Trust(p. 453)
• Letter of Credit(p. 456)
• Draft(p. 457)
• Bill of Lading(p. 458)
• A Typical International Trade Transaction(p. 458)
• Export Assistance(p. 460)
• Export-Import Bank(p. 460)
• Export Credit Insurance(p. 461)
• Countertrade(p. 461)
• The Incidence of Countertrade(p. 462)
• Types of Countertrade(p. 462)
• The Pros and Cons of Countertrade(p. 463)
• Key Terms(p. 464)
• Summary(p. 465)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 465)
• Research Task(p. 466)
• Closing Case: Megahertz Communications(p. 466)
• Chapter 14 Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics(p. 468)
• Opening Case; Microsoft-Outsourcing Xbox Production(p. 468)
• Introduction(p. 470)
• Strategy, Production, and Logistics(p. 471)
• Where to Produce(p. 474)
• Country Factors(p. 474)
• Technological Factors(p. 475)
• Product Factors(p. 479)
• Locating Production Facilities(p. 480)
• The Strategic Role of Foreign Factories(p. 481)
• Outsourcing Production: Make-or-Buy Decisions(p. 484)
• The Advantages of Make(p. 484)
• The Advantages of Buy(p. 486)
• Trade-offs(p. 488)
• Strategic Alliances with Suppliers(p. 489)
• Managing a Global Supply Chain(p. 490)
• The Role of Just-in-Time Inventory(p. 490)
• The Role of Information Technology and the Internet(p. 491)
• Key Terms(p. 492)
• Summary(p. 492)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 493)
• Research Task(p. 493)
• Closing Case: Competitive Advantage at Dell(p. 493)
• Chapter 15 Global Marketing and R&D(p. 496)
• Opening Case: Astro Boy-Marketing Japanese Anime to the World(p. 496)
• Introduction(p. 498)
• The Globalization of Markets and Brands(p. 499)
• Market Segmentation(p. 500)
• Product Attributes(p. 502)
• Cultural Differences(p. 503)
• Economic Development(p. 503)
• Product and Technical Standards(p. 504)
• Distribution Strategy(p. 504)
• Differences between Countries(p. 505)
• Choosing a Distribution Strategy(p. 507)
• Communication Strategy(p. 508)
• Barriers to International Communication(p. 508)
• Push versus Pull Strategies(p. 509)
• Global Advertising(p. 513)
• Pricing Strategy(p. 515)
• Price Discrimination(p. 515)
• Strategic Pricing(p. 516)
• Regulatory Influences on Prices(p. 518)
• Configuring the Marketing Mix(p. 518)
• New-Product Development(p. 519)
• The Location of R&D(p. 521)
• Integrating R&D, Marketing, and Production(p. 522)
• Cross-Functional Teams(p. 523)
• Building Global R&D Capabilities(p. 524)
• Key Terms(p. 525)
• Summary(p. 526)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 526)
• Research Task(p. 527)
• Closing Case: Procter & Gamble in Japan(p. 527)
• Chapter 16 Global Human Resource Management(p. 530)
• Opening Case: Molex(p. 530)
• Introduction(p. 533)
• The Strategic Role of International HRM(p. 534)
• Staffing Policy(p. 534)
• Types of Staffing Policy(p. 535)
• Expatriate Managers(p. 538)
• Training and Management Development(p. 543)
• Training for Expatriate Managers(p. 543)
• Repatriation of Expatriates(p. 544)
• Management Development and Strategy(p. 545)
• Performance Appraisal(p. 546)
• Performance Appraisal Problems(p. 546)
• Guidelines for Performance Appraisal(p. 547)
• Compensation(p. 547)
• National Differences in Compensation(p. 547)
• Expatriate Pay(p. 549)
• International Labor Relations(p. 551)
• The Concerns of Organized Labor(p. 551)
• The Strategy of Organized Labor(p. 551)
• Approaches to Labor Relations(p. 552)
• Key Terms(p. 553)
• Summary(p. 553)
• Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions(p. 554)
• Research Task(p. 554)
• Closing Case: Degrussa: Strategy and Human Resources in China(p. 555)
• Sustainability in Practice: Interface: An Environmentally Sustainable Commitment to Business and Material Management(p. 556)
• Glossary(p. 559)
• Notes(p. 569)
• Index(p. 603)