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What is the impact of energy issues such as lobal warming, radioactive waste, municipal solid waste, and nuclear energy production materials on the individual and society? ENERGY: ITS USE AND THE ENVIRONMENT emphasizes the physical principles behind energy and its effects on our environment, explaining the basic physical principles behind the use of energy, including the study of mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, and atomic and nuclear physics. By placing energy issues within the context of everyday examples and asking you to define and support critical arguments, ENERGY: ITS USE AND THE ENVIRONMENT offers a provocative approach to this crucial issue.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Chapter 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• A Energy: An Initial Definition(p. 1)
• B Energy Use and the Environment(p. 3)
• Our Earth-Then and Now(p. 4)
• C Energy Use Patterns(p. 6)
• D Energy Resources(p. 14)
• Energy Use in China(p. 16)
• E Exponential Growth and Resource Depletion(p. 17)
• F Oil: A Critical Resource(p. 21)
• G Energy Conservation(p. 24)
• H Economic and Environmental Considerations(p. 26)
• The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change(p. 28)
• I Future Scenarios(p. 27)
• Chapter 2 Energy Mechanics(p. 33)
• A Introduction(p. 33)
• B Forms of Energy and Energy Conversions(p. 34)
• C Motion(p. 39)
• D Energy and Work(p. 43)
• Energy Losses in a Car(p. 44)
• E Examples of Work and Energy(p. 48)
• F Power(p. 51)
• Energy Use in India(p. 54)
• G Summary(p. 56)
• Special Topic: Newton's Laws of Motion(p. 63)
• Chapter 3 Conservation of Energy(p. 75)
• A Introduction(p. 76)
• B Law of Conservation of Energy(p. 76)
• C Energy Conversion Examples(p. 79)
• D Energy Conversion Efficiencies(p. 81)
• E Energy Use in Developing Countries(p. 84)
• Sustainable Development(p. 88)
• F A Barrel, A Calorie, A Btu? Energy Equivalencies(p. 87)
• G Summary(p. 92)
• Chapter 4 Heat and Work(p. 97)
• A Introduction(p. 97)
• B Heat and Work and the First Law of Thermodynamics(p. 98)
• C Temperature and Heat(p. 100)
• D Heat Transfer Principles(p. 106)
• E Heat Engines(p. 115)
• F The Second Law of Thermodynamics(p. 118)
• G Summary(p. 124)
• Chapter 5 Home Energy Conservation and Heat-Transfer Control(p. 130)
• A Introduction(p. 130)
• B Building Materials(p. 131)
• C House Insulation and Heating Calculations(p. 132)
• D Site Selection(p. 144)
• E Impact of Energy Conservation Measures(p. 145)
• F Cooling(p. 146)
• G Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps(p. 149)
• H Summary(p. 153)
• Chapter 6 Solar Energy: Characteristics and Heating(p. 160)
• A Introduction(p. 160)
• B Characteristics of Incident Solar Radiation(p. 163)
• C History of Solar Heating(p. 170)
• Early Twentieth-Century Egyptian Solar Power Plant(p. 172)
• D Overview of Solar Heating Today(p. 176)
• E Solar Domestic Hot Water(p. 177)
• F Passive Solar Space Heating Systems(p. 183)
• G Active Solar Space Heating Systems(p. 189)
• H Thermal Energy Storage(p. 193)
• I Summary(p. 195)
• Chapter 7 Energy from Fossil Fuels(p. 205)
• A Introduction(p. 206)
• B Resource Terminology(p. 206)
• C Oil(p. 209)
• Pipeline Politics in the Former Soviet
• Union(p. 214)
• Oil Spills(p. 218)
• Oil from Alaska: Past, Present, and Future Dilemmas(p. 220)
• D Natural Gas(p. 219)
• E Coal: An Expanding Role(p. 223)
• F Future Sources of Oil(p. 229)
• G Summary(p. 230)
• Special Topic: Physics of Oil and Gas Exploration(p. 234)
• Chapter 8 Air Pollution and Energy Use(p. 241)
• A Introduction(p. 241)
• Eastern Europe and the Environment(p. 242)
• B Properties and Motion of the Atmosphere(p. 244)
• C Air Pollutants and Their Sources(p. 250)
• Air Pollution and the Third World(p. 256)
• D Air Quality Standards(p. 266)
• 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments(p. 270)
• E Automobile Emission Control Devices(p. 271)
• Mass Transit(p. 273)
• F Stationary Source Air Pollution Control Systems(p. 274)
• G Summary(p. 279)
• Chapter 9 Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, and Waste Heat(p. 286)
• A Introduction(p. 286)
• B Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect(p. 287)
• Africa and Global Warming(p. 298)
• C Ozone Depletion(p. 299)
• D Thermal Pollution(p. 303)
• E Ecological Effects of Thermal Pollution(p. 305)
• F Cooling Towers and Ponds(p. 309)
• G Using Waste Heat(p. 311)
• H Summary(p. 313)
• Chapter 10 Electricity: Circuits and Superconductors(p. 317)
• A Introduction to "Electrification"(p. 317)
• B Restructuring of the Electric Utility Industry(p. 320)
• Managing Energy Demand(p. 322)
• C Electrical Charges and Currents(p. 322)
• D Batteries and Electric Vehicles(p. 325)
• Common Batteries(p. 326)
• E Ohm's Law(p. 330)
• F Superconductivity(p. 331)
• G Elementary Circuits(p. 334)
• H Electrical Power(p. 337)
• I Pricing Electrical Energy Use(p. 339)
• Edison Mazda Lamps, Circa 1925(p. 339)
• J Fuel Cells(p. 344)
• Hydrogen Economy(p. 345)
• K Summary(p. 349)
• Special Topic: Electrostatics(p. 354)
• Chapter 11 Electromagnetism and the Generation of Electricity(p. 358)
• A Magnetism(p. 359)
• B The Generation of Electricity(p. 365)
• C Transmission of Electrical Energy(p. 368)
• D Standard Steam-Electric Generating Plant Cycle(p. 376)
• E Cogeneration(p. 379)
• F Summary(p. 382)
• Chapter 12 Electricity from Solar Energy(p. 387)
• A Introduction(p. 387)
• B Solar Cell Principles(p. 390)
• PV Car: The Sunraycer(p. 393)
• C Cell Manufacture(p. 393)
• D Photovoltaic Systems and Economics(p. 394)
• PV Cottages(p. 397)
• Pumping Water(p. 400)
• E Wind Energy(p. 400)
• F Hydropower(p. 413)
• G Solar Thermal Electric Facilities(p. 417)
• Small-Scale Hydroelectric Systems(p. 418)
• H Summary(p. 420)
• Chapter 13 The Building Blocks of Matter: The Atom and Its Nucleus(p. 426)
• A The Atomic Hypothesis(p. 427)
• B Building Blocks of the Atom(p. 428)
• C Energy Levels(p. 432)
• D Nuclear Structure(p. 434)
• E Radioactivity(p. 435)
• F Nuclear Glue, or Binding Energy(p. 439)
• G The Joy of Atom-Smashing, or Nuclear Reactions(p. 441)
• Indoor Radon(p. 444)
• H Fission(p. 444)
• I Summary(p. 445)
• Special Topic: The Periodic Table(p. 449)
• Chapter 14 Nuclear Power: Fission(p. 451)
• A Introduction(p. 451)
• B Chain Reactions(p. 456)
• C Assembling a Nuclear Reactor(p. 459)
• D Types of Light Water Reactors(p. 463)
• E The Nuclear Fuel Cycle(p. 464)
• Japan and Plutonium(p. 468)
• F Radioactive Wastes(p. 469)
• Monuments for the Future(p. 477)
• G Decommissioning(p. 476)
• H Radioactive Releases(p. 478)
• I Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Nuclear Safety(p. 486)
• J Alternate Reactor Designs(p. 489)
• K Nuclear Proliferation(p. 493)
• Post Cold-War Proliferation(p. 495)
• L Environmental and Economic Summary of Nuclear Power(p. 494)
• M Summary(p. 498)
• Chapter 15 Effects and Uses of Radiation(p. 503)
• A Introduction(p. 504)
• B Radiation Dose(p. 504)
• C Biological Effects of Radiation(p. 505)
• D Background Radiation, Including Radon(p. 509)
• E Radiation Standards(p. 515)
• F Medical and Industrial Uses of Radiation(p. 516)
• Food Irradiation(p. 519)
• G Radiation Protection(p. 521)
• H Summary(p. 523)
• Special Topic: Radiation Detection Instruments(p. 528)
• Chapter 16 Future Energy Alternatives: Fusion(p. 531)
• A Potential for Fusion Power(p. 532)
• B Energy from the Stars: The Fusion Process(p. 533)
• C Conditions for Fusion(p. 534)
• D Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors(p. 535)
• E Laser-Induced Fusion(p. 538)
• F Cold Fusion(p. 541)
• G Summary and Outlook for Fusion(p. 543)
• Chapter 17 Biomass: From Plants to Garbage(p. 545)
• A Introduction(p. 545)
• B Biomass Conversion(p. 547)
• Brazil's Ethanol Program(p. 550)
• C Food, Fuel, Famine(p. 554)
• D Municipal Solid Waste(p. 558)
• E Wood Combustion(p. 564)
• F Summary(p. 573)
• Chapter 18 Tapping the Earth's Heat: Geothermal Energy(p. 577)
• A Introduction(p. 577)
• B Origin and Nature of Geothermal Energy(p. 579)
• C Hydrothermal Systems(p. 581)
• D Geothermal Exploration and Resources(p. 583)
• E Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources(p. 586)
• F Environmental Impacts(p. 587)
• G Summary(p. 588)
• Chapter 19 A National and Personal Commitment(p. 591)
• Appendix A Units of Measurement and Powers of Ten Notation(p. 1)
• Appendix B Conversions and Equivalencies(p. 1)
• Appendix C Home Heating Analysis(p. 1)
• Appendix D Insolation and Temperature Data for Selected U.S. Cities(p. 1)
• Appendix E World Energy Consumption, 2003(p. 1)
• Appendix F U.S. Consumption of Energy by Source, 1949-2003(p. 1)
• Appendix G U.S. Energy Intensity, 1970-2003(p. 1)
• Glossary(p. 1)
• Index(p. 1)