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The fifth edition of Psychological Testing provides detailed presentations on neuropsychological and geriatric assessment, the early uses and abuses of testing, assessment of learning disabilities, testing in special settings, race differences in IQ, and cheating on national group achievement tests. The author also describes and critiques the latest versions of the most widely used tests, examine the subtleties of the testing process, and explore the value-laden issues surrounding the wisdom of testing.

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• Preface(p. xiii)
• 1 Applications and Consequences of Psychological Testing(p. 1)
• Topic 1A The Nature and Uses of Psychological Testing(p. 1)
• The Consequences of Testing(p. 2)
• Definition of a Test(p. 2)
• Case Exhibit 1.1 True-Life Vignettes of Testing(p. 3)
• Further Distinctions in Testing(p. 6)
• Types of Tests(p. 7)
• Uses of Testing(p. 10)
• Factors Influencing the Soundness of Testing(p. 12)
• Case Exhibit 1.2 The Impact of Nonstandard Testing(p. 13)
• Standardized Procedures in Test Administration(p. 13)
• Desirable Procedures of Test Administration(p. 15)
• Influence of the Examiner(p. 19)
• Background and Motivation of the Examinee(p. 21)
• Summary(p. 23)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 24)
• Topic 1B Ethical and Social Implications of Testing(p. 25)
• The Rationale for Professional Testing Standards(p. 25)
• Responsibilities of Test Publishers(p. 26)
• Case Exhibit 1.3 Ethical and Professional Quandaries in Testing(p. 27)
• Responsibilities of Test Users(p. 29)
• Case Exhibit 1.4 Overzealous Interpretation of the MMPI(p. 31)
• Testing of Cultural and Linguistic Minorities(p. 35)
• Unintended Effects of High-Stakes Testing(p. 40)
• Reprise: Responsible Test Use(p. 42)
• Summary(p. 43)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 44)
• 2 The History of Psychological Testing(p. 45)
• Topic 2A The Origins of Psychological Testing(p. 45)
• The Importance of Testing(p. 46)
• Rudimentary Forms of Testing in China in 2200 B.C.(p. 47)
• Psychiatric Antecedents of Psychological Testing(p. 47)
• Physiognomy, Phrenology, and the Psychograph(p. 48)
• The Brass Instruments Era of Testing(p. 49)
• Changing Conceptions of Mental Retardation in the 1800s(p. 53)
• Influence of Binet's Early Research on His Test(p. 54)
• Binet and Testing for Higher Mental Processes(p. 55)
• The Revised Scales and the Advent of IQ(p. 57)
• Summary(p. 58)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 59)
• Topic 2B Early Testing in the United States(p. 60)
• Early Uses and Abuses of Tests in the United States(p. 60)
• Howard Knox and Nonverbal Tests in the Early 1900s(p. 62)
• The Stanford-Binet: The Early Mainstay of IQ(p. 64)
• Group Tests and the Classification of WWI Army Recruits(p. 64)
• Early Educational Testing(p. 69)
• The Development of Aptitude Tests(p. 69)
• Personality and Vocational Testing after WWI(p. 70)
• The Origins of Projective Testing(p. 71)
• The Development of Interest Inventories(p. 73)
• Summary of Major Landmarks in the History of Testing(p. 73)
• Summary(p. 74)
• 3 Norms and Reliability(p. 76)
• Topic 3A Norms and Test Standardization(p. 76)
• Case Exhibit 3.1 Outmoded Tests and Outdated Norms(p. 77)
• Raw Scores(p. 78)
• Essential Statistical Concepts(p. 78)
• Raw Score Transformations(p. 83)
• Selecting a Norm Group(p. 90)
• Criterion-Referenced Tests(p. 93)
• Summary(p. 94)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 95)
• Topic 3B Concepts of Reliability(p. 96)
• Case Exhibit 3.2 Test Reliability and Courtroom Testimony(p. 97)
• Classical Test Theory and the Sources of Measurement Error(p. 98)
• Sources of Measurement Error(p. 98)
• Measurement Error and Reliability(p. 100)
• The Reliability Coefficient(p. 101)
• The Correlation Coefficient(p. 102)
• The Correlation Coefficient as a Reliability Coefficient(p. 103)
• Reliability as Temporal Stability(p. 103)
• Reliability as Internal Consistency(p. 104)
• Item Response Theory(p. 108)
• The New Rules of Measurement(p. 111)
• Special Circumstances in the Estimation of Reliability(p. 112)
• The Interpretation of Reliability Coefficients(p. 113)
• Reliability and the Standard Error of Measurement(p. 114)
• Summary(p. 117)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 118)
• 4 Validity and Test Development(p. 119)
• Topic 4A Basic Concepts of Validity(p. 119)
• Validity: A Definition(p. 120)
• Case Exhibit 4.1 Research as the Essential Proof of Test Validity(p. 121)
• Content Validity(p. 121)
• Criterion-Related Validity(p. 123)
• Construct Validity(p. 131)
• Approaches to Construct Validity(p. 132)
• Extravalidity Concerns and the Widening Scope of Test Validity(p. 139)
• Summary(p. 141)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 142)
• Topic 4B Test Construction(p. 143)
• Defining the Test(p. 144)
• Selecting a Scaling Method(p. 144)
• Representative Scaling Methods(p. 146)
• Constructing the Items(p. 150)
• Testing the Items(p. 153)
• Revising the Test(p. 158)
• Publishing the Test(p. 160)
• Summary(p. 161)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 162)
• 5 Theories and Individual Tests of Intelligence and Achievement(p. 163)
• Topic 5A Theories of Intelligence and Factor Analysis(p. 163)
• Definitions of Intelligence(p. 164)
• Case Exhibit 5.1 Learning and Adaptation as Core Functions of Intelligence(p. 166)
• A Primer of Factor Analysis(p. 168)
• Galton and Sensory Keenness(p. 175)
• Spearman and the g Factor(p. 176)
• Thurstone and the Primary Mental Abilities(p. 177)
• Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory(p. 178)
• Piaget and Adaptation(p. 181)
• Guilford and the Structure-of-Intellect Model(p. 182)
• Theory of Simultaneous and Successive Processing(p. 184)
• Information-Processing Theories of Intelligence(p. 185)
• Intelligence as a Biological Construct(p. 185)
• Gardner and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences(p. 187)
• Sternberg and the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence(p. 188)
• Summary(p. 191)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 192)
• Topic 5B Individual Tests of Intelligence and Achievement(p. 194)
• Orientation to Individual Intelligence Tests(p. 195)
• The Wechsler Scales of Intelligence(p. 195)
• The Wechsler Subtests: Description and Analysis(p. 197)
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III(p. 205)
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV(p. 208)
• Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales: Fifth Edition(p. 211)
• Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-4(p. 214)
• Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II(p. 215)
• Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT)(p. 219)
• Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2)(p. 220)
• Individual Tests of Achievement(p. 221)
• Nature and Assessment of Learning Disabilities(p. 224)
• Summary(p. 230)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 231)
• 6 Group Tests and Controversies in Ability Testing(p. 232)
• Topic 6A Group Tests of Ability and Related Concepts(p. 232)
• Nature, Promise, and Pitfalls of Group Tests(p. 233)
• Group Tests of Ability(p. 234)
• Multiple Aptitude Test Batteries(p. 246)
• Predicting College Performance(p. 252)
• Postgraduate Selection Tests(p. 255)
• Educational Achievement Tests(p. 258)
• Effects of Coaching on Aptitude Test Scores(p. 262)
• Summary(p. 264)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 265)
• Topic 6B Test Bias and Other Controversies(p. 266)
• Misconceptions about IQ(p. 266)
• The Question of Test Bias(p. 268)
• Social Values and Test Fairness(p. 276)
• Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Intelligence(p. 277)
• Origins of African American and White IQ Differences(p. 283)
• Age Changes in Intelligence(p. 287)
• Generational Changes in Intelligence Test Scores(p. 291)
• Summary(p. 293)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 294)
• 7 Testing Special Populations(p. 295)
• Topic 7A Infant and Preschool Assessment(p. 295)
• Assessment of Infant Ability(p. 296)
• Assessment of Preschool Intelligence(p. 300)
• Practical Utility of Infant and Preschool Assessment(p. 307)
• Screening for School Readiness(p. 310)
• Summary(p. 318)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 319)
• Topic 7B Testing Persons with Disabilities(p. 320)
• Origins of Tests for Special Populations(p. 320)
• Nonlanguage Tests(p. 321)
• Nonreading and Motor-Reduced Tests(p. 327)
• Case Exhibit 7.1 The Challenge of Assessment in Cerebral Palsy(p. 328)
• Testing Persons with Visual Impairments(p. 330)
• Testing Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing(p. 331)
• Assessment of Adaptive Behavior in Mental Retardation(p. 332)
• Summary(p. 339)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 340)
• 8 Origins of Personality Testing(p. 341)
• Topic 8A Theories and the Measurement of Personality(p. 341)
• Personality: An Overview(p. 342)
• Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality(p. 342)
• Type Theories of Personality(p. 346)
• Phenomenological Theories of Personality(p. 348)
• Behavioral and social Learning Theories(p. 349)
• Trait Conceptions of Personality(p. 351)
• Summary(p. 355)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 356)
• Topic 8B Projective Techniques(p. 357)
• The Projective Hypothesis(p. 357)
• A Primer of Projective Techniques(p. 357)
• Association Techniques(p. 359)
• Completion Techniques(p. 364)
• Construction Techniques(p. 367)
• Expression Techniques(p. 372)
• Reprise: The Projective Paradox(p. 374)
• Case Exhibit 8.1 Projective Tests as Ancillary to the Interview(p. 375)
• Summary(p. 375)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 376)
• 9 Structured Assessment of Personality and Other Qualities(p. 377)
• Topic 9A Self-Report Inventories(p. 377)
• Theory-Guided Inventories(p. 378)
• Factor-Analytically Derived Inventories(p. 384)
• Criterion-Keyed Inventories(p. 391)
• Attitudes and Their Assessment(p. 401)
• The Assessment of Moral Judgment(p. 405)
• The Assessment of Spiritual and Religious Concepts(p. 408)
• Summary(p. 416)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 418)
• Topic 9B Behavioral and Observational Assessment(p. 419)
• Foundations of Behavior Therapy(p. 420)
• Behavior Therapy and Behavioral Assessment(p. 421)
• Structured Interview Schedules(p. 428)
• Assessment by Systematic Direct Observation(p. 430)
• Assessment of Nonverbal Behavior(p. 432)
• Analogue Behavioral Assessment(p. 436)
• Ecological Momentary Assessment(p. 437)
• Summary(p. 438)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 439)
• 10 Neuropsychological Assessment and Screening(p. 440)
• Topic 10A A Primer of Neurobiological Concepts(p. 440)
• The Human Brain: An Overview(p. 441)
• Structures and Systems of the Brain(p. 444)
• Survival Systems: The Hindbrain and Midbrain(p. 445)
• Attentional Systems(p. 447)
• Motor/Coordination Systems(p. 448)
• Memory Systems(p. 450)
• Limbic System(p. 451)
• Language Functions and Cerebral Lateralization(p. 451)
• Visual System(p. 454)
• Executive Functions(p. 455)
• Neuropathology of Adulthood and Aging(p. 458)
• Brain Imaging Techniques(p. 462)
• Summary(p. 463)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 464)
• Topic 10B Neuropsychological Tests, Batteries, and Screening Tools(p. 466)
• A Conceptual Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships(p. 467)
• Assessment of Sensory Input(p. 468)
• Measures of Attention and Concentration(p. 470)
• Tests of Learning and Memory(p. 473)
• Assessment of Language Functions(p. 478)
• Tests of Spatial and Manipulatory Ability(p. 480)
• Assessment of Executive Functions(p. 484)
• Assessment of Motor Output(p. 486)
• Test Batteries in Neuropsychological Assessment(p. 487)
• Case Exhibit 10.1 Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery(p. 488)
• Screening for Alcohol Use Disorders(p. 489)
• Assessment of Mental Status in the Elderly(p. 491)
• Summary(p. 493)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 494)
• 11 Industrial, Occupational, and Forensic Assessment(p. 495)
• Topic 11A Industrial and Organizational Assessment(p. 495)
• The Role of Testing in Personnel Selection(p. 496)
• Autobiographical Data(p. 497)
• The Employment Interview(p. 499)
• Cognitive Ability Tests(p. 501)
• Personality and Temperament Tests(p. 505)
• Paper-and-Pencil Integrity Tests(p. 506)
• Work Sample and Situational Exercises(p. 508)
• Appraisal of Work Performance(p. 511)
• Case Exhibit 11.1 Career Assignment in Canada(p. 512)
• Approaches to Performance Appraisal(p. 513)
• Sources of Error in Performance Appraisal(p. 518)
• Inventories for Interest Assessment(p. 520)
• Summary(p. 532)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 534)
• Topic 11B Forensic Applications of Assessment(p. 535)
• Standards for the Expert Witness(p. 536)
• The Nature of Forensic Assessment(p. 537)
• Evaluation of Suspected Malingering(p. 538)
• Assessment of Mental State for the Insanity Plea(p. 540)
• Competency to Stand Trial(p. 543)
• Prediction of Violence and Assessment of Risk(p. 545)
• Evaluation of Child Custody in Divorce(p. 548)
• Personal Injury and Related Testimony(p. 552)
• Interpretation of Polygraph Records(p. 553)
• Specialized Personality Assessment in Forensic Settings(p. 555)
• Controversy over the Psychologist as Expert Witness(p. 557)
• Summary(p. 558)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 559)
• 12 Legal Issues and the Future of Testing(p. 560)
• Topic 12A Psychological Testing and the Law(p. 560)
• The Sources and Nature of Law(p. 560)
• Testing in School Systems and the Law(p. 564)
• Disability Assessment and the Law(p. 569)
• Case Exhibit 12.1 Unwise Testing Practices in Employee Screening(p. 572)
• Legal Issues in Employment Testing(p. 572)
• Summary(p. 578)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 579)
• Topic 12B Computerized Assessment and the Future of Testing(p. 580)
• Computers in Testing: Overview and History(p. 580)
• Computer-Based Test Interpretation: Current Status(p. 582)
• High-Definition Video and Virtual Reality: The New Horizons of CAPA(p. 589)
• Evaluation of Computer-Based Test Interpretation(p. 591)
• Case Exhibit 12.2 Unwise Reliance on a Computerized MMPI Report(p. 594)
• Computerized Adaptive Testing(p. 595)
• The Future of Testing(p. 596)
• Summary(p. 598)
• Key Terms and Concepts(p. 599)
• Appendix A Major Landmarks in the History of Psychological Testing(p. 600)
• Appendix B Test Publisher Addresses(p. 603)
• Appendix C Major Tests and Their Publishers(p. 605)
• Appendix D Standard and Standardized-Score Equivalents of Percentile Ranks in a Normal Distribution(p. 610)
• Glossary(p. 612)
• References(p. 624)
• Name Index(p. 686)
• Subject Index(p. 698)