Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:

The new and updated edition of this widely-used textbook is equally useful for undergraduate and graduate students of international business. Its student-friendly format, detailed coverage of classic and timely topics, and extensive use of case studies make it widely adaptable for different level courses, as well as for educators who prefer either a case study or lecture approach. This edition features new coverage of the Asian financial crisis and the European Union. Its treatment of such topics as foreign exchange, international trade policy, and economic development introduces students to techniques for analyzing national economies that are not covered in many competing texts. Ethical and environmental issues are also covered in detail, and all case studies, tables and figures have been thoroughly revised and updated. Each chapter includes a short case study, while longer, more complex case studies conclude the text. Each chapter also features learning objectives, discussion questions, and references, and an online Instructor's Manual with PowerPoint materials is also available to professors who adopt the text.

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• Preface(p. xxvii)
• Part I Scope of International Business and the Multinational Corporation(p. 1)
• 1 An Introduction to International Business and Multinational Corporations(p. 3)
• Current Scope and Historical Antecedents(p. 3)
• What Is International Business?(p. 4)
• Brief History of International Business(p. 5)
• The Multinational Corporation(p. 6)
• Definition of a Multinational Corporation(p. 6)
• Multinational Corporations Come of Age(p. 7)
• A Look at Present-Day Multinationals(p. 8)
• Operating Advantages and Disadvantages of Multinationals(p. 11)
• Recent Trends in World Trade(p. 15)
• Expanding Volume(p. 15)
• Increased Competition(p. 16)
• Increasing Complexity(p. 17)
• Trade in Services(p. 18)
• The Field of International Business Studies(p. 18)
• Discussion Questions(p. 18)
• Notes(p. 19)
• Bibliography(p. 19)
• Case Study 1.1 Transworld Minerals, Inc.(p. 20)
• 2 The Nature of International Business(p. 22)
• Domestic Versus International Business(p. 22)
• Methods of Going International(p. 23)
• Exporting(p. 23)
• Licensing(p. 25)
• Franchising(p. 25)
• Management Contracts(p. 26)
• Contract Manufacturing(p. 26)
• Direct Investment(p. 26)
• Strategic Alliances(p. 27)
• Wholly Owned Subsidiaries(p. 28)
• Globalized Operations(p. 28)
• Portfolio Investments(p. 28)
• Recent Trade Patterns and Changes in Global Trade(p. 30)
• Product Groups(p. 32)
• Patterns of Direct Investment(p. 32)
• Government Involvement in Trade Restrictions and Incentives(p. 33)
• Protectionism(p. 34)
• Tariffs(p. 34)
• World Trade Organization(p. 35)
• Regional Trade Groups and Cartels(p. 35)
• Cartels(p. 36)
• Nontariff Barriers to Merchandise Trade(p. 36)
• Quotas(p. 37)
• Nontariff Price Barriers(p. 37)
• Government Restriction of Exports(p. 38)
• Summary(p. 38)
• Discussion Questions(p. 39)
• Notes(p. 39)
• Bibliography(p. 40)
• Case Study 2.1 Electronics International, Ltd.(p. 41)
• Part II Institutional Framework and Economic Theories(p. 45)
• 3 Theories of Trade and Economic Development(p. 47)
• Introduction to International Trade Theories(p. 47)
• Mercantilism(p. 48)
• Classical Theory(p. 48)
• Comparative Advantage(p. 49)
• Weaknesses of Early Theories(p. 50)
• More Recent Theories(p. 50)
• Factor Endowment Theory(p. 50)
• The Leontief Paradox(p. 51)
• Criticisms(p. 51)
• Modern Theories(p. 52)
• International Product Life Cycle Theory(p. 52)
• Other Modern Investment Theories(p. 53)
• Theories of Economic Development(p. 54)
• Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth(p. 54)
• The Big Push: Balanced Versus Unbalanced Growth(p. 56)
• Hirschman's Strategy of Unbalance(p. 56)
• Galbraith's Equilibrium of Poverty(p. 56)
• Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom(p. 57)
• The Global Continuum: Where Nations Fall Today(p. 58)
• The Political Continuum(p. 58)
• The Economic Continuum(p. 59)
• Integrating the Continua(p. 60)
• Patterns of World Development(p. 61)
• Background: The Role of Gross National Income(p. 61)
• The Developed Countries(p. 61)
• Emerging Economies(p. 62)
• The Third World(p. 62)
• The Subterranean Economies(p. 63)
• Summary(p. 65)
• Discussion Questions(p. 66)
• Notes(p. 66)
• Bibliography(p. 67)
• 4 International Monetary System and the Balance of Payments(p. 68)
• International Monetary Terminology(p. 68)
• Hard Currencies(p. 69)
• Soft Currencies(p. 69)
• Convertibility(p. 69)
• Exchange Rate(p. 70)
• Appreciation(p. 70)
• Depreciation(p. 70)
• A Brief History of the International Monetary System(p. 70)
• The Gold Standard(p. 70)
• The Gold Specie Standard(p. 71)
• The Gold Bullion Standard(p. 71)
• The Interwar Years (1918-1939)(p. 72)
• The Bretton Woods System (1944-1973)(p. 73)
• The International Monetary Fund(p. 74)
• Aims(p. 74)
• Membership(p. 74)
• Structure(p. 74)
• Forms of IMF Assistance(p. 75)
• Extended Fund Facility(p. 75)
• Compensatory Financing Facility(p. 75)
• Supplementary Financing Facility and Enlarged Access Policy(p. 76)
• Structural Adjustment Facilities(p. 76)
• IMF Conditionally(p. 76)
• Special Drawing Rights(p. 77)
• Using Special Drawing Rights(p. 77)
• Valuation of SDRs(p. 78)
• Difficulties in the Bretton Woods System(p. 79)
• The Floating-Rate Era: 1973 to the Present(p. 80)
• Pure Floating Rates(p. 81)
• Managed, or Dirty, Floating Rates(p. 81)
• Pegging(p. 81)
• Crawling Pegs(p. 81)
• Basket of Currencies(p. 81)
• Fixed Rates(p. 82)
• European Monetary System(p. 82)
• Difficulties in the Floating-Rate Era(p. 82)
• Fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar: The Plaza and Louvre Accords(p. 83)
• European Monetary Union(p. 84)
• Maastricht Treaty(p. 84)
• Denmark's Challenge to Monetary Union(p. 85)
• Asian Financial Crisis(p. 86)
• Issues for Reform(p. 87)
• International Exchange-Rate Stability(p. 87)
• Target Zones(p. 88)
• International Liquidity(p. 88)
• A More Equitable International Monetary System(p. 89)
• Summary(p. 89)
• Discussion Questions(p. 90)
• Notes(p. 91)
• Bibliography(p. 91)
• Appendix 4.1 Balance of Payments(p. 92)
• Preliminary Definitions(p. 92)
• Problems in BOP(p. 96)
• Appendix 4.1 Discussion Questions(p. 98)
• Appendix 4.1 Notes(p. 98)
• Appendix Bibliography(p. 98)
• Case Study 4.1 Structural Adjustments in Masawa(p. 100)
• 5 Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 103)
• Background(p. 103)
• The Structure of the Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 104)
• Market Participants(p. 105)
• Location of Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 107)
• Japan(p. 108)
• Singapore and Hong Kong(p. 108)
• Bahrain(p. 108)
• European Markets(p. 108)
• U.S. Markets(p. 109)
• Market Volumes(p. 109)
• Uses of the Foreign Exchange Market(p. 109)
• Types of Exposure in Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 110)
• Transaction Exposure(p. 110)
• Economic Exposure(p. 110)
• Translation Exposure(p. 111)
• Tax Exposure(p. 111)
• Types of Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 111)
• The Spot Market(p. 111)
• The Forward Market(p. 112)
• Foreign Exchange Rates(p. 113)
• Bid and Offer Rates(p. 114)
• Cross Rates(p. 114)
• Premiums and Discounts(p. 114)
• Devaluation and Revaluation of Exchange Rates(p. 117)
• Triangular Arbitrage(p. 118)
• Covered Interest Arbitrage(p. 119)
• Currency Futures Markets(p. 120)
• Differences Between Futures and Forward Markets(p. 121)
• Foreign Currency Options(p. 121)
• Option Terminology(p. 122)
• Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rates(p. 122)
• Problems in Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rates(p. 123)
• Fundamental Forecasting(p. 123)
• Technical Forecasting(p. 123)
• Assessing Market Sentiments(p. 124)
• Forecasting Strategy(p. 124)
• Summary(p. 124)
• Discussion Questions(p. 125)
• Notes(p. 125)
• Bibliography(p. 125)
• Case Study 5.1 Global Bank Corporation(p. 126)
• Case Study 5.2 Chemtech, Inc.(p. 128)
• 6 Supranational Organizations and International Institutions(p. 130)
• Background(p. 130)
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(p. 130)
• World Trade Organization(p. 132)
• Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(p. 133)
• The Doha Agenda(p. 134)
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(p. 134)
• Regional Trade Groupings(p. 135)
• Forms of Regional Integration(p. 135)
• Free Trade Area(p. 136)
• Customs Union(p. 136)
• Common Market(p. 137)
• Economic Union(p. 138)
• Political Union(p. 139)
• Association of South East Asian Nations(p. 139)
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum(p. 141)
• Financial Organizations(p. 141)
• International Monetary Fund(p. 141)
• World Bank(p. 141)
• Inter-American Development Bank(p. 146)
• Asian Development Bank(p. 147)
• African Development Bank(p. 147)
• European Investment Bank(p. 148)
• Japan Bank for International Cooperation(p. 149)
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(p. 149)
• Summary(p. 149)
• Discussion Questions(p. 150)
• Notes(p. 150)
• Bibliography(p. 151)
• Part III Environmental Constraints in International Business(p. 153)
• 7 Analyzing National Economies(p. 155)
• The Purpose and Methodology of Country Analysis(p. 155)
• Preliminary Economic Indicators(p. 156)
• Size of the Economy(p. 156)
• Income Levels(p. 156)
• Income Distribution(p. 157)
• Personal Consumption(p. 158)
• Growth and Stability Patterns(p. 158)
• Population(p. 159)
• Sector Analysis(p. 160)
• Inflationary Trends(p. 160)
• External Financial Position: Extent of Debt(p. 161)
• Exchange-Rate Levels and Policies(p. 162)
• Banking and Financial Markets(p. 162)
• Comparison of Similar Economies(p. 163)
• Tax Systems(p. 163)
• Fiscal and Monetary Policy Situations(p. 164)
• Economic Planning: Ideology and Practices(p. 165)
• Competition(p. 165)
• Market Demand Forecasting(p. 165)
• Purposes(p. 165)
• Data Collection and Sources(p. 166)
• Primary Research(p. 167)
• Areas of Research(p. 167)
• Trade Activities(p. 168)
• Input-Output Tables(p. 168)
• Historical Trends(p. 169)
• Country Comparisons: Analysis by Analogy(p. 169)
• Regression Analysis(p. 170)
• Income Elasticity(p. 170)
• Methods of Estimating Market Size and Share(p. 171)
• Market Buildup(p. 171)
• Chain Ratio(p. 171)
• Analogy with Known Data(p. 172)
• Designing Initial Market Strategy(p. 172)
• Summary(p. 173)
• Discussion Questions(p. 174)
• Notes(p. 174)
• Bibliography(p. 174)
• Appendix 7.1 A Step-by-Step Approach to Market Research(p. 175)
• Appendix 7.1 Note(p. 176)
• Case Study 7.1 The Republic of Mazuwa(p. 177)
• 8 International Law(p. 181)
• Public and Private Law(p. 181)
• Different Legal Systems(p. 182)
• International Treaties Framework(p. 182)
• Legal Concepts Relating to International Business(p. 183)
• Sovereignty(p. 183)
• Sovereign Immunity(p. 183)
• Act of State(p. 183)
• Extraterritoriality(p. 184)
• Areas of Concern to Multinational Corporations(p. 184)
• U.S. Trade Laws(p. 184)
• Countervailing Duty(p. 185)
• Antidumping Laws(p. 185)
• Antitrust Laws(p. 186)
• Foreign Corrupt Practices(p. 186)
• Tax Treaties(p. 187)
• Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights(p. 188)
• Trademarks and Trade Names(p. 189)
• Patent Laws and Accords(p. 189)
• Copyrights(p. 190)
• Operational Concerns of Multinational Corporations(p. 191)
• Which Nationality?(p. 191)
• Local Laws(p. 191)
• Resolving Business Conflicts(p. 192)
• Contracts(p. 192)
• Resolving Disputes(p. 193)
• Local Courts, Local Remedies(p. 194)
• The Principle of Comity(p. 194)
• Litigation(p. 194)
• International Arbitration(p. 195)
• International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes(p. 196)
• Summary(p. 197)
• Discussion Questions(p. 198)
• Notes(p. 198)
• Bibliography(p. 198)
• Case Study 8.1 CompuSoft Systems, Inc.(p. 199)
• 9 Sociocultural Factors(p. 202)
• Sociocultural Factors and International Business(p. 202)
• Society, Culture, and Sociocultural Forces(p. 203)
• Elements of Culture(p. 203)
• Attitudes and Beliefs(p. 203)
• Attitudes Toward Time(p. 204)
• Attitudes Toward Work and Leisure(p. 205)
• Attitudes Toward Achievement(p. 205)
• Attitudes Toward Change(p. 206)
• Attitudes Toward Jobs(p. 206)
• Does Religion Affect Commerce?(p. 207)
• Aesthetics(p. 207)
• Material Culture(p. 207)
• Literacy Rate(p. 208)
• Education Mix(p. 208)
• Brain Drain(p. 209)
• Communication and Language(p. 209)
• Groups: Families and Friends(p. 210)
• Gift Giving and Bribery(p. 211)
• Other Theories of Culture(p. 212)
• Cultural Cluster Approach(p. 212)
• Edward Hall's Low-Context, High-Context Approach(p. 212)
• Geert Hofstede's Five Dimensions of Culture(p. 213)
• Management of Cultural Change(p. 215)
• Summary(p. 215)
• Discussion Questions(p. 216)
• Notes(p. 216)
• Bibliography(p. 216)
• Case Study 9.1 Delis Foods Corporation(p. 218)
• 10 Foreign Investment: Researching Risk(p. 221)
• Why Invest Abroad?(p. 221)
• Bigger Markets(p. 221)
• Host-Nation Demands(p. 222)
• Economies of Scale(p. 222)
• Competitive Motives(p. 222)
• Technology and Quality Control(p. 223)
• Raw Materials(p. 223)
• Forward Integration(p. 223)
• Technology Acquisition(p. 223)
• Assessing Political Risk(p. 224)
• Inherent Causes of Political Risk(p. 224)
• Circumstantial Causes of Political Risk(p. 226)
• Types of Host-Nation Control(p. 228)
• Limits on Repatriation of Profits(p. 228)
• Curbing Transfer Pricing(p. 228)
• Price Controls(p. 229)
• Ownership Restrictions(p. 229)
• Joint Ventures(p. 229)
• Personnel Restrictions(p. 229)
• Import Content(p. 229)
• Discrimination in Government Business(p. 230)
• Labor Controls(p. 230)
• Assessing the Risk(p. 230)
• Assessing Country Risk(p. 230)
• Assessing Investment Risk(p. 231)
• Managing Risk(p. 231)
• Rejecting Investment(p. 231)
• Long-Term Agreements(p. 231)
• Lobbying(p. 231)
• Legal Action(p. 232)
• Home-Country Pressure(p. 232)
• Joint Ventures and Increased Shareholding(p. 232)
• Promoting Host Goals(p. 232)
• Risk Insurance(p. 233)
• Contingency Planning(p. 233)
• Summary(p. 233)
• Discussion Questions(p. 234)
• Note(p. 234)
• Bibliography(p. 234)
• Case Study 10.1 Amalgamated Polymers, Inc.(p. 236)
• Part IV Functional Operations in International Business(p. 239)
• 11 International Marketing(p. 241)
• What Must Be Done: The International Marketer's Dilemma(p. 241)
• To Centralize or Decentralize: The First Key Decisions(p. 242)
• Product Decisions(p. 244)
• Product-Positioning Decisions(p. 244)
• Product Strategies(p. 246)
• Promotion Decisions(p. 247)
• Promotional Tools(p. 248)
• Personal Selling(p. 248)
• Sales Promotions(p. 249)
• Publicity and Public Relations(p. 249)
• Pricing Decisions(p. 250)
• Pricing Methods(p. 250)
• Placement Decisions: Distribution of Products(p. 253)
• The Importance of Placement(p. 253)
• Factors Involved in Distribution Decisions(p. 254)
• Summary(p. 255)
• Discussion Questions(p. 257)
• Notes(p. 257)
• Bibliography(p. 257)
• Appendix 11.1 A Checklist for Export Marketing(p. 259)
• Case Study 11.1 Euromanage, Inc.(p. 262)
• 12 International Finance(p. 265)
• Financing International Business(p. 265)
• Working Capital Management(p. 265)
• Intracompany Pooling(p. 268)
• Hedging Against Inflation(p. 269)
• Managing Blocked Funds(p. 269)
• Transfer Pricing(p. 271)
• Capital Budgeting and Financial Structure of an MNC(p. 271)
• Exchange Control Restrictions on Remittances(p. 271)
• Political Risks(p. 272)
• Tax Considerations(p. 272)
• Sources of Funds(p. 272)
• Currency of Borrowing Investments(p. 273)
• Different Inflation Rates(p. 273)
• Letters of Credit in International Trade(p. 273)
• International Capital Markets(p. 274)
• The Emergence of International Capital Markets(p. 275)
• National Financial Markets(p. 276)
• Euromarkets(p. 277)
• National Stock Markets(p. 279)
• Emerging Markets(p. 282)
• Summary(p. 283)
• Discussion Questions(p. 283)
• Bibliography(p. 284)
• Case Study 12.1 Scrinton Technologies(p. 285)
• 13 International Accounting(p. 288)
• What Is Accounting?(p. 288)
• Differences in Accounting Practices Among Countries(p. 289)
• Factors Affecting Accounting Systems(p. 289)
• What Types of Differences Emerge?(p. 290)
• Differences in Valuation(p. 290)
• The Impact of Accounting Differences(p. 291)
• Differences in Disclosure(p. 291)
• Segmentation of Accounting(p. 292)
• Social Reporting(p. 294)
• Policy Formation and Harmonization(p. 294)
• Determining Policy(p. 294)
• Policy Making in the United States(p. 295)
• Policy Making in Other Countries(p. 295)
• Harmonization(p. 295)
• Regional Harmonization Efforts(p. 296)
• Special Accounting Problems(p. 296)
• Differences in Currency Exchange Rates(p. 296)
• Consolidation Problems(p. 299)
• Inflation(p. 301)
• Transfer Pricing and Costing(p. 302)
• Other International Accounting Issues(p. 303)
• Accounting for Expropriation(p. 303)
• Planning and Control(p. 303)
• Auditing(p. 303)
• Summary(p. 304)
• Discussion Questions(p. 304)
• Notes(p. 304)
• Bibliography(p. 305)
• 14 International Taxation(p. 306)
• Why Taxes?(p. 306)
• Types of Taxes(p. 307)
• Income Taxes(p. 307)
• Transaction Taxes(p. 308)
• Value-Added Taxes(p. 308)
• Excise Taxes(p. 309)
• Extraction Taxes(p. 309)
• Tariffs (Border Taxes)(p. 310)
• Tax Compliance and Tax Enforcement(p. 310)
• International Taxation(p. 310)
• Taxes: MNCs(p. 310)
• Taxes: U.S.-Controlled Foreign Corporations(p. 311)
• Double Taxation(p. 312)
• Tax Treaties(p. 312)
• Foreign Tax Credits for U.S. Corporations(p. 312)
• Special Issues and Problems in International Taxation(p. 314)
• Tax Havens(p. 314)
• Transfer Pricing(p. 315)
• Unitary Taxes(p. 316)
• Tax Incentives for International Business(p. 316)
• Foreign Sales Corporations(p. 316)
• Domestic International Sales Corporations(p. 317)
• U.S. Possessions Corporations(p. 317)
• Influence of U.S. Tax Law on Corporate Operations(p. 318)
• Taxation of Individual Foreign Source Income(p. 318)
• Expenses of U.S. Expatriates(p. 319)
• Summary(p. 319)
• Discussion Questions(p. 320)
• Notes(p. 320)
• Bibliography(p. 320)
• Case Study 14.1 Skytrack Instrumentation(p. 321)
• 15 International Staffing and Labor Issues(p. 323)
• Organizing a Multinational Corporation(p. 323)
• Functional Structure(p. 323)
• Regional Structure(p. 324)
• Product Structure(p. 324)
• Matrix Structure(p. 324)
• International Staffing(p. 324)
• Recruitment(p. 324)
• Selection(p. 325)
• Training(p. 325)
• Motivation(p. 325)
• Managerial Staffing(p. 326)
• Value to Firm(p. 326)
• Branch Manager versus Home Office: Who Is in Charge?(p. 326)
• Branch Managers: Whom Should Firms Choose?(p. 327)
• Choosing Branch Managers: Selection Criteria(p. 328)
• Labor Pool(p. 328)
• Corporate Policies(p. 328)
• Desired Local Image(p. 328)
• Local Employee Incentives(p. 329)
• Existing Methods of Selection(p. 329)
• Potential for Culture Shock(p. 329)
• Training Branch Managers(p. 329)
• Alternative Models(p. 329)
• Business Council for International Understanding(p. 330)
• Compensating Branch Managers(p. 330)
• Wages(p. 330)
• Taxes(p. 331)
• Repatriating Branch Managers(p. 331)
• Reverse Culture Shock(p. 331)
• Ethical Issues(p. 332)
• Female Managers Overseas(p. 332)
• Overseas Assignments as Dumping Grounds(p. 332)
• International Labor Issues(p. 333)
• Managing an International Workforce(p. 333)
• Wages and Benefits(p. 333)
• Job Security and Layoffs(p. 334)
• Labor Productivity(p. 335)
• Technology(p. 336)
• Labor Unions(p. 336)
• MNC Tactics(p. 338)
• Countertactics by Labor(p. 339)
• International Unions(p. 339)
• Codetermination(p. 340)
• Summary(p. 340)
• Discussion Questions(p. 341)
• Notes(p. 341)
• Bibliography(p. 341)
• Case Study 15.1 Remagen Brothers Ltd.(p. 343)
• Case Study 15.2 Air America(p. 346)
• 16 Managing Operations and Technology(p. 349)
• Operations, Technology, and International Competition(p. 349)
• International Production and Operations(p. 350)
• Worldwide Standardization(p. 350)
• Supply(p. 350)
• Control(p. 350)
• Strategic Control(p. 351)
• Designing the Local Operations System(p. 353)
• Plant Location(p. 354)
• Plant Layout(p. 354)
• Materials Handling(p. 354)
• Staffing(p. 354)
• Production and Operations Management(p. 355)
• Productive Activities(p. 355)
• Supportive Activities(p. 356)
• Just-in-Time System(p. 356)
• International Technology(p. 357)
• Definition of Technology(p. 357)
• Technology Development(p. 358)
• Technology Transfer(p. 358)
• Choice of Production Technology(p. 360)
• Pricing Technology Transfers(p. 362)
• Protecting Technology(p. 363)
• Management Information Systems(p. 364)
• MIS in an MNC(p. 364)
• Corporate Reports(p. 364)
• International Data Processing: Integration Issues(p. 366)
• Should International Firms Go Global?(p. 368)
• Summary(p. 369)
• Discussion Questions(p. 370)
• Notes(p. 370)
• Bibliography(p. 370)
• Case Study 16.1 Milford Processes, Inc.(p. 372)
• Case Study 16.2 International Credit Bank(p. 374)
• Part V Social and Ethical Issues and the Future of International Business(p. 377)
• 17 Ethical Concerns: Multinationals and the Earth's Environment(p. 379)
• Emerging Environmental Concerns(p. 379)
• Social Responsibility of Business(p. 380)
• Major Environmental Issues(p. 380)
• Greenhouse Gases(p. 380)
• Depletion of the Ozone Layer(p. 381)
• Deforestation(p. 381)
• Hazardous Waste(p. 381)
• Pollution(p. 383)
• Kyoto Protocol(p. 383)
• MNC Responses(p. 384)
• Establishing In-House Environmental Ethics(p. 384)
• Relocation of Production(p. 385)
• Modification of Technology(p. 385)
• Raw Material Use(p. 385)
• Energy Use(p. 385)
• Environmental Restoration(p. 386)
• Pollution Disclosure(p. 386)
• In-House Environmental Training(p. 387)
• MNC Opportunities(p. 388)
• New Consumer Products(p. 388)
• New Technologies(p. 388)
• New Industrial Products(p. 388)
• Substitute Products(p. 388)
• New Energy Sources(p. 388)
• Environmental Consulting(p. 389)
• The Environment Is Center Stage(p. 389)
• Summary(p. 389)
• Discussion Questions(p. 389)
• Bibliography(p. 390)
• Case Study 17.1 Alapco Chemicals Ltd.(p. 391)
• 18 Future Issues in International Business(p. 394)
• Why Study the Future?(p. 394)
• Future Trends Affecting International Business(p. 394)
• European Union Integration(p. 394)
• The Rise of India and China(p. 395)
• Protectionism and Trade Agreements(p. 396)
• Depreciation of the U.S. Dollar(p. 396)
• Energy Policy(p. 397)
• Global Resource Depletion(p. 397)
• Environmental Degradation(p. 397)
• International Terrorism(p. 399)
• The Doha Agenda(p. 399)
• Migration(p. 400)
• Accounting Standards(p. 400)
• Technology Explosion: The Information Era(p. 400)
• The Internet(p. 401)
• Impact of Trends on MNCs(p. 401)
• The Megacorporation(p. 401)
• Geocentric Staffing(p. 401)
• Multicultural Management(p. 402)
• Managerial Technocrats(p. 402)
• Overseas Manufacturing Facilities(p. 402)
• Financial Integration(p. 403)
• Rising Labor Unrest(p. 403)
• The Permanence of Change(p. 403)
• Summary(p. 404)
• Discussion Questions(p. 404)
• Notes(p. 404)
• Bibliography(p. 404)
• Part VI Case Studies(p. 405)
• Case Study 1 The Global Tire Industry and Michelin in 2004(p. 407)
• Case Study 2 The European Non-Life Insurance Industry and AXA in 2001(p. 426)
• Case Study 3 The Battle of the Smart Cards in the Netherlands in 2002(p. 447)
• Case Study 4 Bang & Olufsen and the Electronics Entertainment Industry in 2003(p. 462)
• Case Study 5 ABX(p. 478)
• Case Study 6 Arcelor and the Global Steel Industry(p. 484)
• Glossary(p. 509)
• Index(p. 527)
• About the Authors(p. 547)