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This text uses the theme of how people change as a base. It gives a substantial overview of the field, with attention to themes that include the centrality in psychotherapy of the concept of identity change.

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• Preface(p. xi)
• Part 1 The Fundamental Question of Change(p. 1)
• 1 Identity Change: The Crown Jewel of Psychotherapy(p. 3)
• Introduction to the Topic of Change(p. 3)
• The Issue of Identity Change(p. 7)
• 2 The Roots of Identity(p. 9)
• The Classical (Freudian) Model(p. 10)
• Erickson's Psychosocial Model(p. 14)
• The Developmental Model of Object Relations Therapy and Self-Psychology(p. 19)
• The Experience of a Secure Attachment(p. 22)
• The Positive Resolution of the Rapprochement Crisis(p. 24)
• The Attainment of Object Constancy(p. 28)
• Nonanalytic Models of Psychological Development(p. 31)
• 3 Sources of Identity Change I: Normative and Nonnormative Experiences in Adulthood(p. 33)
• Normative Experiences in Adulthood(p. 33)
• Raising Children(p. 34)
• Facing Death(p. 42)
• Nonnormative Experiences in Adulthood(p. 49)
• 4 Sources of Identity Change II: Imposed Change vs. The Exercise of Will(p. 53)
• The External Imposition of Change: Brainwashing and Forced Conversion(p. 53)
• The Neurophysiology of Induced Change(p. 54)
• Induced Change in Tribal Societies(p. 57)
• Religious Conversion(p. 59)
• Political Indoctrination(p. 60)
• George Orwell's "1984"(p. 63)
• The Durability of Induced Change(p. 70)
• Psychotherapy and the Willful Decision to Change(p. 72)
• 5 Embedded Models of Change(p. 75)
• Embedded vs. Autonomous Models of Therapeutic Change(p. 75)
• Analytic Models of Change: The Intrapsychic-Interpersonal Debate(p. 77)
• Freud's Classical Model of Change(p. 78)
• Kohut's Interpersonal Model of Change(p. 82)
• Humanistic-Existential Models of Change: Carl Rogers and Allen Wheelis(p. 85)
• The Interpersonal Model of Carl Rogers(p. 85)
• The Existential Model of Allen Wheelis(p. 87)
• The Cognitive Social Learning Perspectives on Change(p. 91)
• Narrative/Postmodern Perspectives on Personality and Change(p. 93)
• 6 Autonomous Models of Change(p. 97)
• Alcoholics Anonymous: The Original Twelve-Step Program(p. 97)
• Prochaska's Transtheoretical Stages of Change(p. 102)
• The Search for Common Factors(p. 105)
• Author's Note(p. 107)
• Part 2 A Developmental-Systems Model of Change(p. 109)
• 7 The Stages of Identity Change: "To Join, To Know, To Do, To Be"(p. 111)
• Overview of Part Two(p. 111)
• The Four Stages of Identity Change(p. 112)
• Attachment and The Frame(p. 112)
• Insight or Consciousness(p. 117)
• Action and Will(p. 117)
• Identity Change(p. 118)
• The Issue of Sequencing(p. 119)
• Relationship of the Model of Change to Normal Development(p. 120)
• 8 Impediments to Identity Change(p. 127)
• Biological Constraints(p. 127)
• Diverse Goals(p. 128)
• The Structuralization of Experience(p. 131)
• Reality Constraints(p. 133)
• Resistance(p. 133)
• 9 Resistance and The Forces of Continuity(p. 135)
• Transition Periods and Resistance to Change(p. 135)
• The Paradox of Psychotherapy(p. 135)
• Conceptualizations of Resistance(p. 136)
• Categorizing Forms of Resistance(p. 136)
• Drive-Theory Conceptions(p. 137)
• Structural Conceptions(p. 139)
• Interactive/Relational Conceptions(p. 142)
• Another Look at Resistance(p. 143)
• New Interactive/Relational Considerations: Acknowledging the Duality of Change(p. 144)
• Toward a New Language of Inhibition: Resistance vs. Universal Forces of Continuity(p. 148)
• Change and Continuity in Human Biology(p. 150)
• 10 The Retreat from Shame(p. 153)
• Shame Defined(p. 153)
• The "Keystone Affect"(p. 153)
• The Developmental Origins of Shame(p. 154)
• The Experience and Developmental Impact of Shame(p. 156)
• The Retreat from Shame in Psychotherapy(p. 160)
• Discussion of Cases(p. 167)
• The Dissipation of Shame(p. 167)
• 11 The Retreat from Debilitating Regression(p. 171)
• The Concept of Regression(p. 171)
• Regression "In the Service of the Ego"(p. 171)
• Debilitating Regression(p. 173)
• Resistance and the Retreat from Debilitating Regression(p. 176)
• Structural Diagnosis: Assessing the Potential for Debilitating Regression(p. 177)
• The Meaning of Character Structure(p. 177)
• The Range of Character Structure(p. 179)
• Assessing Character Structure: Three Sources of Information(p. 180)
• The Contextual Transference(p. 180)
• Progress on the Lines of Development(p. 183)
• The Therapist's Emotional Reaction to the Client(p. 187)
• Integrating the Three Sources of Information(p. 190)
• Summary: Psychotherapy and the Retreat from Debilitating Regression(p. 191)
• 12 The Retreat from Responsibility(p. 195)
• Cultural Forms of Retreat(p. 195)
• The Retreat from Responsibility in Individualistic Societies(p. 199)
• The Retreat from Responsibility: Two Case Studies(p. 201)
• Promoting the Acceptance of Responsibility(p. 211)
• 13 The Retreat from Identitylessness(p. 215)
• The Four Shadows of Identitylessness: Uncertainty, Guilt, Social Disruption, and Loss(p. 215)
• The Uniqueness of Identitylessness as a Force of Continuity(p. 222)
• The Timing of Its Appearance(p. 222)
• The Manner in Which It Is Overcome(p. 222)
• 14 The Psychology of Water: Final Thoughts on Psychological Change and Continuity(p. 227)
• Epilogue(p. 229)
• Letter to An Unborn Psychologist(p. 231)
• References(p. 235)
• Index(p. 240)