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This engaging, straightforward, and easy-to-read text is designed to prepare students for beginning mental health practice by helping them develop an overall appreciation of counseling and psychotherapy, along with the basic skills they will need to work effectively with clients. Skill-building exercises throughout the text help students master four types of skills: personal and professional development skills (including cultural sensitivity), communication skills, skills associated with the client's thoughts (cognitive skills), and skills associated with the client's emotions (affective skills).

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• Listing of Figures and Tables(p. xv)
• Preface(p. xvii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xxiii)
• Part 1 Preliminary Issues(p. 1)
• Chapter 1 Traits of Successful Therapists and Counselors(p. 3)
• Issues in Choosing a Career in Mental Health(p. 3)
• Disciplines, Degrees, and Related Credentials Relevant to a Career in Mental Health(p. 4)
• Motivations Underlying the Choice of a Career in Mental Health(p. 10)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 15)
• Personal Traits Relevant to the Practice of Psychotherapy and Counseling(p. 16)
• Facilitating Traits of Mental-Health-Care Providers(p. 19)
• Hindering Traits of Mental-Health-Care Providers(p. 27)
• Countertransference Issues(p. 31)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 34)
• The Next Step: Necessary Skills for Mental-Health Practice(p. 34)
• Chapter 2 Self-Awareness Skills(p. 38)
• Values Clarification(p. 39)
• Mandatory Versus Aspirational Ethics(p. 40)
• Individual Self-Awareness(p. 43)
• Common Therapy and Counseling Topics That Involve Values(p. 46)
• Interpersonal Self-Awareness(p. 48)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 49)
• Cultural Competence and Sensitivity(p. 52)
• Cultural Awareness(p. 55)
• Cultural Knowledge(p. 61)
• Cultural Skills(p. 65)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 69)
• Chapter 3 Self-Care Skills(p. 70)
• Self-Exploration and Awareness(p. 71)
• Personal Therapy or Counseling(p. 72)
• Inner Work(p. 72)
• Meditation(p. 73)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 77)
• Relaxation and Centeredness(p. 77)
• Breathing Exercises(p. 77)
• Mindfulness Practice(p. 79)
• Relaxation Exercises(p. 80)
• Guided Imagery(p. 82)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 83)
• Healthy Personal Habits(p. 83)
• Nutrition(p. 83)
• Physical Activity(p. 89)
• Rest(p. 90)
• Physical Self-Awareness(p. 91)
• Involvement with Nature(p. 92)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 93)
• Attention to Relationships(p. 94)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 95)
• Recreational Activities(p. 96)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 97)
• Part 2 Skills to Facilitate Communication in Psychotherapy and Counseling(p. 99)
• Chapter 4 Attending Skills: Nonverbal Communication and Listening(p. 101)
• Nonverbal Communication(p. 102)
• Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication(p. 102)
• Components of Nonverbal Communication(p. 103)
• Helpful Hints for Nonverbal Communication(p. 115)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 117)
• Listening Skills(p. 117)
• Roadblocks to Listening(p. 118)
• Essential Skills for Good Listening(p. 121)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 124)
• Chapter 5 Questions to Encourage Communication(p. 126)
• General Guidelines About Questions(p. 129)
• Pitfalls in the Use of Questions(p. 129)
• Examples of Clinicians' Reasons for Controlling or Intrusive Questions(p. 136)
• Additional Thoughts About the Use of Questions(p. 144)
• Open-Ended Questions(p. 144)
• Sample Transcript of Open-Ended Questions(p. 147)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 148)
• Systematic Inquiry(p. 149)
• Sample Transcript of a Systematic Inquiry(p. 150)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 154)
• Chapter 6 Response Types: Verbal Communication and Client Disclosure(p. 155)
• Encouraging Phrases(p. 156)
• Sample Transcripts for Encouragers(p. 157)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 158)
• Restatements and Paraphrases(p. 158)
• Sample Transcripts for Restatements and Paraphrases(p. 161)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 164)
• Reflections(p. 164)
• Sample Transcripts of Reflections(p. 166)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 168)
• Interfacing Response Types(p. 168)
• Guidelines for When Best to Use Which Response Type(p. 169)
• Sample Transcripts for Interfacing All Response Types(p. 170)
• Summarization(p. 173)
• Sample Transcripts of Summarization(p. 175)
• A Few Final Comments(p. 177)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 178)
• Chapter 7 Moving Beyond Simple Communication: The Process of Empathy(p. 180)
• Empathy--Preliminary Issues(p. 181)
• Prerequisite Traits and Skills for Optimal Empathic Skillfulness(p. 182)
• Empathic Skillfulness as a Cyclical Process(p. 183)
• The Phases of the Cycle of Empathic Skillfulness(p. 186)
• Sample Transcript of a Cycle of Empathic Skillfulness(p. 194)
• The Additive Nature of Empathic Skillfulness(p. 197)
• Level One and Level Two Responses: Empathic Failure Versus Optimal Empathic Failure(p. 199)
• Level Three Responses: Reflection Versus Empathy(p. 203)
• Level Four and Level Five Responses: Imposing a Viewpoint Versus True Empathic Skillfulness(p. 204)
• Samples of Level One to Level Five Responses(p. 205)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 210)
• Part 3 Skills for Cognitive Awareness in Psychotherapy and Counseling(p. 213)
• Chapter 8 Working with Thought and Cognition: Overview and Basic Skills(p. 215)
• A Model for Conceptualizing Working with Thought and Cognition(p. 216)
• The Process of Normal Cognitive Development and Implications for Therapy and Counseling(p. 217)
• A Hierarchy of Interventions and Strategies for Working with Thought and Cognition(p. 222)
• Dealing with Clients' Cognition-Related Crises in Session(p. 223)
• Basic Strategies for Working with Thought and Cognition(p. 226)
• Imparting Information(p. 227)
• Sample Transcript of Imparting Information(p. 231)
• Pointing Out Patterns(p. 235)
• Asking Clarifying Questions(p. 240)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 245)
• Chapter 9 Working with Thought and Cognition: Advanced Interventions(p. 247)
• Establishment of a Context for Advanced Cognitive Intervention(p. 248)
• Step One Toward Building Context(p. 249)
• Step Two Toward Building Context(p. 251)
• Step Three Toward Building Context(p. 252)
• Step Four Toward Building Context(p. 255)
• Confrontation(p. 256)
• Basic Mechanics of How to Use Confrontation(p. 258)
• Guidelines for the Use of Confrontation(p. 259)
• Sample Transcript of Confrontation(p. 260)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 264)
• Here-and-Now Cognitive Processing(p. 264)
• Basic Mechanics of Here-And-Now Process Comments(p. 267)
• An Outline for Processing Here-and-Now Events(p. 270)
• Recognizing and Utilizing Opportunities for the Use of Here-and-Now Process Comments(p. 271)
• Sample Transcript of Here-and-Now Process Comments(p. 273)
• Interpretation(p. 276)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 277)
• Assumptions Underlying the Use of Interpretations(p. 277)
• Factors to Consider When Using Interpretations(p. 279)
• Guidelines for Using Interpretations(p. 282)
• Sample Transcript of Interpretation(p. 283)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 287)
• Part 4 Skills for Affective Awareness in Psychotherapy and Counseling(p. 289)
• Chapter 10 Working with Affect and Emotion: Overview and Basic Skills(p. 291)
• A Model for Affective Awareness and Inner Experience(p. 293)
• Level 1 Basic Awareness of Affect(p. 294)
• Level 2 Basic Inner Experience of Affect(p. 296)
• Level 3 Labeling of Basic Affect(p. 296)
• Level 4 Identification of Default Affect(p. 298)
• Level 5 Identification of Affect Intensity(p. 298)
• Level 6 Identification of Mixed and Conflicted Affect(p. 299)
• Level 7 Identification of Underlying Affect(p. 300)
• Level 8 Acceptance of Affect(p. 302)
• Level 9 Understanding of Affect(p. 303)
• A Model for Affective Expression(p. 304)
• Step 1 Conscious Outward Expression(p. 305)
• Step 2 Ritualized Outward Expression(p. 307)
• Step 3 Congruence with Level of Intensity(p. 308)
• Step 4 Congruence with Type of Emotion(p. 308)
• Facilitating Clients' Affective Experience and Expression in Session(p. 309)
• Dealing with Clients' Affect in Session(p. 311)
• Dealing with Loss of Control Over Emotion(p. 312)
• Dealing with Uncontrollable Crying(p. 313)
• Dealing with Strong Anxiety Reactions and Panic(p. 314)
• Dealing with Anger and Hostility(p. 315)
• Dealing with Depersonalization and Dissociation(p. 317)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 319)
• Chapter 11 Working with Affect and Emotion: Focus on the Body(p. 320)
• Focus on the Breath(p. 321)
• Basic Breathing Exercise at Level One of Inner Experience(p. 324)
• Advanced Breathing Exercise at Level Eight of Inner Experience(p. 329)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 333)
• Focus on the Body(p. 332)
• Bodily-Awareness Exercise(p. 333)
• Body Attunement Exercise(p. 340)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 348)
• Focus on the Bridge Between Body and Affect(p. 348)
• Basic-Bodily-Experience Exercise(p. 348)
• Advanced-Bodily-Experience Exercise(p. 359)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 365)
• Chapter 12 Working with Affect and Emotion: Focus on Feelings(p. 366)
• Focus on the Experience and Identification of Affect(p. 367)
• Here-and-Now Affect Exploration Exercises(p. 369)
• Affect Continuum Exercise(p. 379)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 383)
• Focus on the Acceptance and Understanding of Affect(p. 383)
• Progressive-Muscle-Relaxation Exercise(p. 386)
• Focusing-Relaxation Exercise(p. 393)
• Skill Development Recommendations(p. 397)
• Final Thoughts(p. 397)
• References(p. 399)
• Author Index(p. 411)
• Subject Index(p. 415)