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LEGAL WRITING AND ANALYSIS is straightforward, contemporary, and exceptionally well-written. Strengths of this new text include: consistent use of the legal method approach, with an opening chapter providing an overview of a civil case And The lawyer's role, followed by information about the legal system, case briefing, synthesizing cases, and statutory interpretation flexible organization to allow instructors to cover topics in the sequence of their choice emphasis on analogical reasoning and synthesizing cases, As well as rule-based and policy-based reasoning, with explanations of how to use three types of reasoning to organize a legal discussion highlighting of key aspects of effective process writing, including prewriting, writing, and revising effective coverage of the use of precedent superior discussion of small-scale organization, including the thesis paragraph pleniful exercises throughout the text to give you a solid introduction To The skills you will use throughout your legal career.

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• Preface(p. xvii)
• Acknowledgments(p. xix)
• Part 1 Lawyers and the Legal Landscape(p. 1)
• 1. Overview of the Lawyer's Role(p. 3)
• I. Writing and a Lawyer's Roles(p. 3)
• II. Overview of a Civil Case(p. 5)
• III. Ethical Duties(p. 8)
• IV. Legal Citation(p. 9)
• A. Plagiarism(p. 9)
• B. When to Cite(p. 11)
• 2. The Legal System, the Common Law Process, and Kinds of Authority(p. 13)
• I. The Structure of Court Systems(p. 13)
• A. The Federal Court System(p. 13)
• B. State Court Systems(p. 14)
• II. The Functions of Trial and Appellate Courts(p. 15)
• A. The Functions of Trial Courts(p. 15)
• B. The Functions of Appellate Courts(p. 16)
• III. The Common Law Process(p. 17)
• A. Stare Decisis(p. 17)
• B. Holdings(p. 18)
• C. The Breadth of Holdings(p. 19)
• D. Holdings Versus Dicta(p. 22)
• IV. The Weight of Authority(p. 23)
• A. Primary Authority Versus Secondary Authority(p. 24)
• B. Mandatory Authority Versus Persuasive Authority(p. 25)
• C. Other Characteristics Affecting the Persuasive Value of Cases(p. 27)
• Part 2 Reading and Analyzing the Law(p. 29)
• 3. Briefing and Synthesizing Cases(p. 31)
• I. Introduction to Case Briefing(p. 31)
• II. A Format for Case Briefing(p. 32)
• III. Synthesizing Cases(p. 36)
• A. Using Consistent Cases(p. 37)
• B. Reconciling Seemingly Inconsistent Cases(p. 37)
• 4. Interpreting Statutes(p. 45)
• I. Reading Statutes(p. 45)
• II. Identifying Issues(p. 49)
• III. Interpreting the Statute's Language(p. 51)
• IV. Canons of Construction(p. 52)
• 5. Forms of Legal Reasoning(p. 55)
• I. Rule-Based Reasoning(p. 55)
• II. Analogical Reasoning (Analogizing and Distinguishing Cases)(p. 56)
• III. Policy-Based Reasoning(p. 58)
• IV. Principle-Based Reasoning(p. 59)
• V. Custom-Based Reasoning(p. 59)
• VI. Narrative(p. 60)
• Part 3 Writing the Discussion of a Legal Question(p. 63)
• 6. The Writing Process and Law-Trained Readers(p. 65)
• I. The Writing Process(p. 65)
• II. Law-Trained Readers(p. 69)
• A. Focus on the Reader(p. 69)
• B. Attention Levels(p. 70)
• C. Road Maps(p. 71)
• D. Readers as Commentators(p. 72)
• E. Judges as Readers(p. 72)
• F. Law Professors as Readers(p. 74)
• 7. Large-Scale Organization: Creating an Annotated Outline(p. 77)
• I. Rule Structures(p. 77)
• II. Creating an Annotated Outline(p. 82)
• A. The First Level: The Legal Questions You Have Been Asked to Address(p. 83)
• B. The Second Level: Governing Rules(p. 83)
• C. The Third Level and Beyond: The Rule's Structure(p. 84)
• D. Omitting Issues Not in Dispute(p. 85)
• E. Uncertainty About Which Rule Your Jurisdiction Will Adopt(p. 85)
• F. Annotating Your Outline(p. 86)
• 8. Small-Scale Organization: Explaining the Law(p. 89)
• I. An Overview of the Paradigm for Legal Analysis(p. 89)
• II. Stating the Conclusion(p. 90)
• III. Stating the Governing Rule(p. 91)
• IV. Explaining the Rule: Five Components(p. 92)
• V. Guidelines for Rule Explanation(p. 93)
• VI. Organizing a Pure Question of Law(p. 95)
• 9. Small-Scale Organization: Applying the Law(p. 101)
• I. Two Approaches to Writing the Application Section(p. 101)
• II. Content of Rule Application(p. 102)
• III. Common Trouble Spots in Rule Application Sections(p. 103)
• IV. Evaluating Your Draft(p. 107)
• 10. Discussing Multiple Issues: Putting It All Together(p. 109)
• I. Ordering for Your Reader(p. 109)
• A. Accounting for Elements Not at Issue(p. 109)
• B. Selecting an Order for the Remaining Issues(p. 110)
• II. Umbrella Sections(p. 111)
• III. The Conclusion(p. 114)
• IV. Editing Subsection Lengths(p. 114)
• V. Variations of the Multi-Issue Paradigm(p. 115)
• 11. Deepening Your Analysis(p. 117)
• I. Major Forms of Reasoning in Rule Explanation: Policy and Principle(p. 117)
• II. The Major Form of Reasoning in Rule Application: Analogical Reasoning(p. 120)
• A. Deciding Which Similarities and Differences Are Significant(p. 120)
• B. Choosing a Format for Your Case Comparison(p. 121)
• 1. Short-Form Case Comparison(p. 121)
• 2. Long-Form Case Comparison(p. 122)
• Part 4 Predictive Writing(p. 125)
• 12. Writing an Office Memo(p. 127)
• I. The Function of an Office Memo(p. 127)
• II. An Overview of the Memo Format(p. 127)
• III. Drafting the Heading(p. 129)
• IV. Drafting the Question Presented(p. 129)
• V. Drafting the Brief Answer(p. 133)
• VI. Drafting the Fact Statement(p. 135)
• A. Fact Selection(p. 135)
• B. Organization(p. 136)
• VII. Drafting the Conclusion(p. 139)
• 13. Writing Professional Letters(p. 143)
• I. General Characteristics of Professional Letter Writing(p. 143)
• II. Letters to Clients(p. 146)
• A. General Considerations(p. 146)
• B. Retainer Letters(p. 146)
• C. Advice Letters(p. 150)
• D. Status Letter(p. 151)
• III. Letters to Other Lawyers(p. 152)
• A. General Considerations(p. 152)
• B. Demand Letters and Responses(p. 153)
• C. Confirming Letters(p. 154)
• IV. Transmittal Letters(p. 155)
• Part 5 The Shift to Advocacy(p. 157)
• 14. Introduction to Brief-Writing(p. 159)
• I. Ethics and the Advocate's Craft(p. 159)
• II. Arguments for Different Kinds of Legal Issues(p. 162)
• A. A Pure Question of Law(p. 162)
• B. An Issue of Statutory Interpretation(p. 163)
• C. An Issue of Common Law Case Synthesis(p. 163)
• D. A Case of First Impression in Your Jurisdiction(p. 164)
• E. Seeking a Change in the Law(p. 165)
• F. An Issue Applying Law to Fact(p. 165)
• III. Choosing an Order for the Arguments(p. 166)
• IV. Rebutting Your Opponent's Arguments(p. 167)
• V. Judges, Briefs, and Persuasion(p. 168)
• VI. Citing to Factual Sources(p. 171)
• 15. Point Headings(p. 173)
• I. Identifying Point Headings(p. 173)
• II. Drafting Point Headings(p. 175)
• III. Editing Point Headings for Readability and Persuasion(p. 178)
• A. Editing for Readability(p. 178)
• B. Editing for Persuasion(p. 179)
• IV. Identifying Subheadings(p. 181)
• 16. Writing a Fact Statement(p. 183)
• I. Fact Ethics, Readers, and the Conventions of Fact Statements(p. 184)
• A. Fact Ethics(p. 184)
• B. The Conventions of a Statement of Facts(p. 184)
• II. Developing a Theory of the Case and Selecting Facts(p. 186)
• A. Developing a Theory of the Case(p. 186)
• B. Selecting and Citing to Facts(p. 187)
• III. Organization(p. 188)
• A. Formats(p. 188)
• B. Procedural History(p. 189)
• IV. Techniques for Persuasion(p. 189)
• A. General Principles(p. 189)
• B. Large-Scale Organization(p. 190)
• C. Paragraph Organization(p. 191)
• D. Techniques with Sentences(p. 192)
• E. Other Small-Scale Techniques(p. 193)
• 17. Writing a Trial-Level Brief(p. 201)
• I. The Trial Judge(p. 201)
• II. The Format of a Trial-Level Brief(p. 202)
• III. Writing the Question Presented(p. 204)
• IV. Writing the Argument: Suggestions and Reminders(p. 207)
• V. Formatting the Brief(p. 212)
• 18. Writing an Appellate Brief(p. 213)
• I. Appellate Judges and the Appellate Process(p. 213)
• II. Standards of Review(p. 214)
• A. Categories of Trial Court Decisions(p. 214)
• B. Advocating a More Favorable Standard of Review(p. 218)
• C. Conforming Headings to the Standard of Review(p. 220)
• III. The Format of an Appellant's Brief(p. 222)
• IV. An Appellee's Brief(p. 224)
• 19. Using Legal Theory to Sharpen Your Arguments(p. 225)
• I. Natural Law(p. 226)
• II. Formalism(p. 228)
• III. Legal Realism(p. 230)
• IV. Legal Process(p. 233)
• V. Fundamental Rights(p. 235)
• VI. Law and Economics(p. 237)
• VII. Critical Legal Theory(p. 238)
• VIII. The Jurisprudence of Legal Writing(p. 240)
• Part 6 Style and Formalities(p. 243)
• 20. Citations and Quotations(p. 245)
• I. Citation Form(p. 245)
• A. Using the ALWD Citation Manual(p. 246)
• 1. Sections of the Manual(p. 246)
• 2. How to Locate the Rules You Need(p. 247)
• B. Using the Bluebook(p. 247)
• 1. Sections of the Bluebook(p. 247)
• 2. How to Locate the Rules You Need(p. 248)
• C. Several Key Concepts(p. 248)
• 1. Citation Sentences Versus Citation Clauses(p. 248)
• 2. Typeface Requirements(p. 249)
• 3. Citing in Text Versus Citing in a Footnote(p. 250)
• D. Introduction to Citation Form(p. 250)
• E. Matching the Citation to the Text(p. 252)
• F. Citing with Style and Grace(p. 253)
• G. Editing Citation Form(p. 255)
• II. Quotations(p. 262)
• A. When Quotation Marks Are Required(p. 262)
• B. Choosing to Use Quotation Marks(p. 264)
• C. Overquoting(p. 264)
• D. The Mechanics of Quoting(p. 265)
• E. Editing Quotations(p. 267)
• 21. Paragraphs, Sentences, and Style(p. 269)
• I. Paragraphing(p. 269)
• II. Chose Strong Subjects and Verbs(p. 272)
• A. Active Voice(p. 272)
• B. Nominalizations(p. 274)
• C. Throat-Clearing(p. 275)
• D. Sentences Beginning with Forms of "It Is" or "There Is"(p. 275)
• III. Avoiding Wordiness(p. 275)
• A. Revise Phrases That Can Be Replaced by a Single Word(p. 275)
• B. Avoid Legalese(p. 276)
• C. Avoid Redundancies(p. 277)
• D. Avoid Intensifiers(p. 277)
• IV. Other Characteristics of Good Style(p. 277)
• A. Keeping the Subject and Verb Close Together(p. 277)
• B. Avoiding Long Sentences(p. 278)
• C. Unnecessary Variations(p. 278)
• D. Parallelism(p. 279)
• V. Gender-Neutral Writing(p. 279)
• A. Techniques for Nouns: Elimination or Substitution(p. 280)
• B. Techniques for Pronouns(p. 280)
• C. Techniques for Proper Names and Titles(p. 282)
• Part 7 Oral Advocacy(p. 283)
• 22. Oral Argument(p. 285)
• I. The Purpose of Oral Argument(p. 285)
• II. Formalities and Organization of Oral Argument(p. 286)
• A. Preliminary Formalities(p. 286)
• B. The Appellant's Argument(p. 286)
• C. Argument of Co-Counsel for the Appellant(p. 287)
• D. The Appellee's Argument(p. 287)
• E. Argument of Co-Counsel for the Appellee(p. 288)
• F. Concluding the Argument(p. 288)
• G. Rebuttal(p. 289)
• III. The Content of Argument(p. 289)
• A. The Standard of Review(p. 289)
• B. The Burden of Proof(p. 289)
• C. The Trial-Level Procedural Posture(p. 289)
• D. Themes(p. 290)
• IV. Preparation(p. 291)
• A. The Record(p. 291)
• B. Outline Your Argument(p. 291)
• C. Prepare Your Folder(p. 291)
• D. Script the Entire Opening, the Conclusion, and Your Prepared Rebuttal(p. 292)
• E. Practice(p. 292)
• F. Visit the Courtroom(p. 292)
• V. Handling Questions from the Bench(p. 292)
• A. Anticipate Questions(p. 293)
• B. Attitude(p. 293)
• C. Recognize Types of Questions(p. 293)
• D. Listen Carefully to the Question(p. 294)
• E. Clarify the Question(p. 294)
• F. Begin with a Clear, Direct Answer(p. 294)
• G. Returning to Your Prepared Presentation(p. 294)
• H. Handling Questions on Your Co-Counsel's Issue(p. 294)
• I. Handling a Question for Which You Do Not Have an Answer(p. 295)
• J. Agreeing When You Can(p. 295)
• K. Referring to Earlier Questions or Comments from the Bench(p. 295)
• VI. Presentation(p. 296)
• A. Dress(p. 296)
• B. Body, Hands, and Eyes(p. 296)
• C. Voice(p. 296)
• D. References(p. 296)
• E. Nervousness(p. 296)
• Appendices(p. 297)
• Appendix A Sample Office Memorandum(p. 299)
• Appendix B Sample Trial-Level Brief(p. 305)
• Appendix C Sample Appellate Brief(p. 311)
• Appendix D Sample Letters(p. 321)
• Appendix E Cases(p. 329)
• Index(p. 339)